Tortoise ORM

FastAPI Users provides the necessary tools to work with Tortoise ORM.

Installation

Install the database driver that corresponds to your DBMS:

pip install asyncpg

pip install aiomysql

pip install aiosqlite

For the sake of this tutorial from now on, we'll use a simple SQLite databse.

Setup User table

Let's declare our User ORM model.

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi_users import models
from fastapi_users.db import TortoiseBaseUserModel, TortoiseUserDatabase
from tortoise.contrib.fastapi import register_tortoise
from tortoise.contrib.pydantic import PydanticModel


class UserModel(TortoiseBaseUserModel):
    pass


class User(models.BaseUser):
    pass


class UserCreate(models.BaseUserCreate):
    pass


class UserUpdate(User, models.BaseUserUpdate):
    pass


class UserDB(User, models.BaseUserDB, PydanticModel):
    class Config:
        orm_mode = True
        orig_model = UserModel


DATABASE_URL = "sqlite://./test.db"

user_db = TortoiseUserDatabase(UserDB, UserModel)
app = FastAPI()

register_tortoise(
    app,
    db_url=DATABASE_URL,
    modules={"models": ["path_to_your_package"]},
    generate_schemas=True,
)

As you can see, FastAPI Users provides an abstract model that will include base fields for our User table. You can of course add you own fields there to fit to your needs!

Tweak UserDB model

In order to make the Pydantic model and the Tortoise ORM model working well together, you'll have to add a mixin and some configuration options to your UserDB model. Tortoise ORM provides utilities to ease the integration with Pydantic and we'll use them here.

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi_users import models
from fastapi_users.db import TortoiseBaseUserModel, TortoiseUserDatabase
from tortoise.contrib.fastapi import register_tortoise
from tortoise.contrib.pydantic import PydanticModel


class UserModel(TortoiseBaseUserModel):
    pass


class User(models.BaseUser):
    pass


class UserCreate(models.BaseUserCreate):
    pass


class UserUpdate(User, models.BaseUserUpdate):
    pass


class UserDB(User, models.BaseUserDB, PydanticModel):
    class Config:
        orm_mode = True
        orig_model = UserModel


DATABASE_URL = "sqlite://./test.db"

user_db = TortoiseUserDatabase(UserDB, UserModel)
app = FastAPI()

register_tortoise(
    app,
    db_url=DATABASE_URL,
    modules={"models": ["path_to_your_package"]},
    generate_schemas=True,
)

The PydanticModel mixin adds methods used internally by Tortoise ORM to the Pydantic model so that it can easily transform it back to an ORM model. It expects then that you provide the property orig_model which should point to the User ORM model we defined just above.

Create the database adapter

The database adapter of FastAPI Users makes the link between your database configuration and the users logic. Create it like this.

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi_users import models
from fastapi_users.db import TortoiseBaseUserModel, TortoiseUserDatabase
from tortoise.contrib.fastapi import register_tortoise
from tortoise.contrib.pydantic import PydanticModel


class UserModel(TortoiseBaseUserModel):
    pass


class User(models.BaseUser):
    pass


class UserCreate(models.BaseUserCreate):
    pass


class UserUpdate(User, models.BaseUserUpdate):
    pass


class UserDB(User, models.BaseUserDB, PydanticModel):
    class Config:
        orm_mode = True
        orig_model = UserModel


DATABASE_URL = "sqlite://./test.db"

user_db = TortoiseUserDatabase(UserDB, UserModel)
app = FastAPI()

register_tortoise(
    app,
    db_url=DATABASE_URL,
    modules={"models": ["path_to_your_package"]},
    generate_schemas=True,
)

Notice that we pass a reference to your UserDB model.

Register Tortoise

For using Tortoise ORM we must register our models and database.

Tortoise ORM supports integration with FastAPI out-of-the-box. It will automatically bind startup and shutdown events.

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi_users import models
from fastapi_users.db import TortoiseBaseUserModel, TortoiseUserDatabase
from tortoise.contrib.fastapi import register_tortoise
from tortoise.contrib.pydantic import PydanticModel


class UserModel(TortoiseBaseUserModel):
    pass


class User(models.BaseUser):
    pass


class UserCreate(models.BaseUserCreate):
    pass


class UserUpdate(User, models.BaseUserUpdate):
    pass


class UserDB(User, models.BaseUserDB, PydanticModel):
    class Config:
        orm_mode = True
        orig_model = UserModel


DATABASE_URL = "sqlite://./test.db"

user_db = TortoiseUserDatabase(UserDB, UserModel)
app = FastAPI()

register_tortoise(
    app,
    db_url=DATABASE_URL,
    modules={"models": ["path_to_your_package"]},
    generate_schemas=True,
)

Warning

In production, it's strongly recommended to setup a migration system to update your SQL schemas. See https://tortoise-orm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/migration.html.

Next steps

We will now configure an authentication method.