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209 lines
6.4 KiB
Markdown
209 lines
6.4 KiB
Markdown
Uploading Files
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===============
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Uploading files in Yii is usually done with the help of [[yii\web\UploadedFile]] which encapsulates each uploaded
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file as an `UploadedFile` object. Combined with [[yii\widgets\ActiveForm]] and [models](structure-models.md),
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you can easily implement a secure file uploading mechanism.
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## Creating Models <span id="creating-models"></span>
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Like working with plain text inputs, to upload a single file you would create a model class and use an attribute
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of the model to keep the uploaded file instance. You should also declare a validation rule to validate the file upload.
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For example,
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```php
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namespace app\models;
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use yii\base\Model;
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use yii\web\UploadedFile;
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class UploadForm extends Model
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{
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/**
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* @var UploadedFile
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*/
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public $imageFile;
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public function rules()
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{
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return [
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[['imageFile'], 'file', 'skipOnEmpty' => false, 'extensions' => 'png, jpg'],
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];
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}
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public function upload()
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{
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if ($this->validate()) {
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$this->imageFile->saveAs('uploads/' . $this->imageFile->baseName . '.' . $this->imageFile->extension);
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return true;
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} else {
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return false;
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}
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}
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}
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```
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In the code above, the `imageFile` attribute is used to keep the uploaded file instance. It is associated with
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a `file` validation rule which uses [[yii\validators\FileValidator]] to ensure a file with extension name `png` or `jpg`
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is uploaded. The `upload()` method will perform the validation and save the uploaded file on the server.
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The `file` validator allows you to check file extensions, size, MIME type, etc. Please refer to
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the [Core Validators](tutorial-core-validators.md#file) section for more details.
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> Tip: If you are uploading an image, you may consider using the `image` validator instead. The `image` validator is
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implemented via [[yii\validators\ImageValidator]] which verifies if an attribute has received a valid image
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that can be then either saved or processed using the [Imagine Extension](https://github.com/yiisoft/yii2-imagine).
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## Rendering File Input <span id="rendering-file-input"></span>
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Next, create a file input in a view:
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```php
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<?php
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use yii\widgets\ActiveForm;
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?>
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<?php $form = ActiveForm::begin(['options' => ['enctype' => 'multipart/form-data']]) ?>
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<?= $form->field($model, 'imageFile')->fileInput() ?>
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<button>Submit</button>
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<?php ActiveForm::end() ?>
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```
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It is important to remember that you add the `enctype` option to the form so that the file can be properly uploaded.
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The `fileInput()` call will render a `<input type="file">` tag which will allow users to select a file to upload.
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> Tip: since version 2.0.8, [[yii\widgets\ActiveField::fileInput|fileInput]] adds `enctype` option to the form
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automatically when file input field is used.
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## Wiring Up <span id="wiring-up"></span>
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Now in a controller action, write the code to wire up the model and the view to implement file uploading:
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```php
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namespace app\controllers;
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use Yii;
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use yii\web\Controller;
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use app\models\UploadForm;
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use yii\web\UploadedFile;
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class SiteController extends Controller
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{
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public function actionUpload()
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{
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$model = new UploadForm();
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if (Yii::$app->request->isPost) {
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$model->imageFile = UploadedFile::getInstance($model, 'imageFile');
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if ($model->upload()) {
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// file is uploaded successfully
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return;
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}
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}
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return $this->render('upload', ['model' => $model]);
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}
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}
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```
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In the above code, when the form is submitted, the [[yii\web\UploadedFile::getInstance()]] method is called
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to represent the uploaded file as an `UploadedFile` instance. We then rely on the model validation to make sure
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the uploaded file is valid and save the file on the server.
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## Uploading Multiple Files <span id="uploading-multiple-files"></span>
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You can also upload multiple files at once, with some adjustments to the code listed in the previous subsections.
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First you should adjust the model class by adding the `maxFiles` option in the `file` validation rule to limit
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the maximum number of files allowed to upload. Setting `maxFiles` to `0` means there is no limit on the number of files
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that can be uploaded simultaneously. The maximum number of files allowed to be uploaded simultaneously is also limited
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with PHP directive [`max_file_uploads`](https://www.php.net/manual/en/ini.core.php#ini.max-file-uploads),
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which defaults to 20. The `upload()` method should also be updated to save the uploaded files one by one.
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```php
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namespace app\models;
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use yii\base\Model;
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use yii\web\UploadedFile;
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class UploadForm extends Model
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{
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/**
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* @var UploadedFile[]
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*/
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public $imageFiles;
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public function rules()
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{
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return [
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[['imageFiles'], 'file', 'skipOnEmpty' => false, 'extensions' => 'png, jpg', 'maxFiles' => 4],
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];
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}
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public function upload()
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{
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if ($this->validate()) {
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foreach ($this->imageFiles as $file) {
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$file->saveAs('uploads/' . $file->baseName . '.' . $file->extension);
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}
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return true;
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} else {
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return false;
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}
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}
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}
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```
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In the view file, you should add the `multiple` option to the `fileInput()` call so that the file upload field
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can receive multiple files. You also need to change `imageFiles` to `imageFiles[]` so that the attribute values are submitted as an array:
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```php
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<?php
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use yii\widgets\ActiveForm;
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?>
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<?php $form = ActiveForm::begin(['options' => ['enctype' => 'multipart/form-data']]) ?>
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<?= $form->field($model, 'imageFiles[]')->fileInput(['multiple' => true, 'accept' => 'image/*']) ?>
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<button>Submit</button>
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<?php ActiveForm::end() ?>
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```
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And finally in the controller action, you should call `UploadedFile::getInstances()` instead of
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`UploadedFile::getInstance()` to assign an array of `UploadedFile` instances to `UploadForm::imageFiles`.
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```php
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namespace app\controllers;
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use Yii;
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use yii\web\Controller;
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use app\models\UploadForm;
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use yii\web\UploadedFile;
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class SiteController extends Controller
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{
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public function actionUpload()
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{
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$model = new UploadForm();
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if (Yii::$app->request->isPost) {
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$model->imageFiles = UploadedFile::getInstances($model, 'imageFiles');
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if ($model->upload()) {
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// file is uploaded successfully
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return;
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}
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}
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return $this->render('upload', ['model' => $model]);
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}
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}
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```
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