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			192 lines
		
	
	
		
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			192 lines
		
	
	
		
			7.2 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Markdown
		
	
	
	
	
	
| 控制器
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| ===========
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| 
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| 在创建资源类和指定资源格输出式化后,
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| 下一步就是创建控制器操作将资源通过RESTful APIs展现给终端用户。
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| 
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| Yii 提供两个控制器基类来简化创建RESTful 
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| 操作的工作:[[yii\rest\Controller]] 和 [[yii\rest\ActiveController]],
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| 两个类的差别是后者提供一系列将资源处理成[Active Record](db-active-record.md)的操作。
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| 因此如果使用[Active Record](db-active-record.md)内置的操作会比较方便,可考虑将控制器类
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| 继承[[yii\rest\ActiveController]],
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| 它会让你用最少的代码完成强大的RESTful APIs.
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| 
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| [[yii\rest\Controller]] 和 [[yii\rest\ActiveController]] 提供以下功能,
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| 一些功能在后续章节详细描述:
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| 
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| * HTTP 方法验证;
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| * [内容协商和数据格式化](rest-response-formatting.md);
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| * [认证](rest-authentication.md);
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| * [频率限制](rest-rate-limiting.md).
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| 
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| [[yii\rest\ActiveController]] 额外提供一下功能:
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| 
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| * 一系列常用动作: `index`, `view`, `create`, `update`, `delete`, `options`;
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| * 对动作和资源进行用户认证.
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| 
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| 
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| ## 创建控制器类 <span id="creating-controller"></span>
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| 
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| 当创建一个新的控制器类,控制器类的命名最好使用资源名称的单数格式,
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| 例如,提供用户信息的控制器
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| 可命名为`UserController`.
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| 
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| 创建新的操作和Web应用中创建操作类似,
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| 唯一的差别是Web应用中调用`render()`方法渲染一个视图作为返回值,
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| 对于RESTful操作直接返回数据,
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| [[yii\rest\Controller::serializer|serializer]] 和[[yii\web\Response|response object]] 
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| 会处理原始数据到请求格式的转换,例如
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| 
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| ```php
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| public function actionView($id)
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| {
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|     return User::findOne($id);
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| }
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| ```
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| 
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| 
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| ## 过滤器 <span id="filters"></span>
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| 
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| [[yii\rest\Controller]]提供的大多数RESTful API功能通过[过滤器](structure-filters.md)实现.
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| 特别是以下过滤器会按顺序执行:
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| 
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| * [[yii\filters\ContentNegotiator|contentNegotiator]]: 支持内容协商,
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|   在 [响应格式化](rest-response-formatting.md) 一节描述;
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| * [[yii\filters\VerbFilter|verbFilter]]: 支持HTTP 方法验证;
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| * [[yii\filters\auth\AuthMethod|authenticator]]: 支持用户认证,
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|   在[认证](rest-authentication.md)一节描述;
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| * [[yii\filters\RateLimiter|rateLimiter]]: 支持频率限制,
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|   在[频率限制](rest-rate-limiting.md) 一节描述.
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| 
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| 这些过滤器都在[[yii\rest\Controller::behaviors()|behaviors()]]方法中声明,
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| 可覆盖该方法来配置单独的过滤器,禁用某个或增加你自定义的过滤器。
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| 例如,如果你只想用HTTP 基础认证,可编写如下代码:
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| 
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| ```php
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| use yii\filters\auth\HttpBasicAuth;
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| 
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| public function behaviors()
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| {
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|     $behaviors = parent::behaviors();
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|     $behaviors['authenticator'] = [
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|         'class' => HttpBasicAuth::className(),
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|     ];
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|     return $behaviors;
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| }
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| ```
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| 
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| ### CORS <span id="cors"></span>
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| 
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| Adding the [Cross-Origin Resource Sharing](structure-filters.md#cors) filter to a controller is a bit more complicated
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| than adding other filters described above, because the CORS filter has to be applied before authentication methods
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| and thus needs a slightly different approach compared to other filters. Also authentication has to be disabled for the
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| [CORS Preflight requests](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Access_control_CORS#Preflighted_requests)
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| so that a browser can safely determine whether a request can be made beforehand without the need for sending
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| authentication credentials. The following shows the code that is needed to add the [[yii\filters\Cors]] filter
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| to an existing controller that extends from [[yii\rest\ActiveController]]:
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| 
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| ```php
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| use yii\filters\auth\HttpBasicAuth;
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| 
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| public function behaviors()
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| {
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|     $behaviors = parent::behaviors();
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| 
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|     // remove authentication filter
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|     $auth = $behaviors['authenticator'];
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|     unset($behaviors['authenticator']);
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|     
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|     // add CORS filter
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|     $behaviors['corsFilter'] = [
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|         'class' => \yii\filters\Cors::className(),
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|     ];
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|     
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|     // re-add authentication filter
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|     $behaviors['authenticator'] = $auth;
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|     // avoid authentication on CORS-pre-flight requests (HTTP OPTIONS method)
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|     $behaviors['authenticator']['except'] = ['options'];
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| 
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|     return $behaviors;
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| }
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| ```
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| 
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| 
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| ## 继承 `ActiveController` <span id="extending-active-controller"></span>
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| 
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| 如果你的控制器继承[[yii\rest\ActiveController]],
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| 应设置[[yii\rest\ActiveController::modelClass|modelClass]] 属性
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| 为通过该控制器返回给用户的资源类名,该类必须继承[[yii\db\ActiveRecord]].
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| 
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| 
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| ### 自定义动作 <span id="customizing-actions"></span>
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| 
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| [[yii\rest\ActiveController]] 默认提供一下动作:
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| 
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| * [[yii\rest\IndexAction|index]]:按页列出资源;
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| * [[yii\rest\ViewAction|view]]:返回指定资源的详情;
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| * [[yii\rest\CreateAction|create]]:创建新的资源;
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| * [[yii\rest\UpdateAction|update]]:更新一个存在的资源;
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| * [[yii\rest\DeleteAction|delete]]:删除指定的资源;
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| * [[yii\rest\OptionsAction|options]]:返回支持的HTTP方法.
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| 
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| 所有这些动作通过[[yii\rest\ActiveController::actions()|actions()]] 方法申明,可覆盖`actions()`方法配置或禁用这些动作,
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| 如下所示:
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| 
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| ```php
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| public function actions()
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| {
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|     $actions = parent::actions();
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| 
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|     // 禁用"delete" 和 "create" 动作
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|     unset($actions['delete'], $actions['create']);
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| 
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|     // 使用"prepareDataProvider()"方法自定义数据provider 
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|     $actions['index']['prepareDataProvider'] = [$this, 'prepareDataProvider'];
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| 
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|     return $actions;
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| }
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| 
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| public function prepareDataProvider()
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| {
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|     // 为"index"动作准备和返回数据provider
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| }
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| ```
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| 
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| 请参考独立动作类的参考文档学习哪些配置项有用。
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| 
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| 
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| ### 执行访问检查 <span id="performing-access-check"></span>
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| 
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| 通过RESTful APIs显示数据时,经常需要检查当前用户是否有权限访问和操作所请求的资源,
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| 在[[yii\rest\ActiveController]]中,
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| 可覆盖[[yii\rest\ActiveController::checkAccess()|checkAccess()]]方法来完成权限检查。
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| 
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| ```php
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| /**
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|  * Checks the privilege of the current user.
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|  *
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|  * This method should be overridden to check whether the current user has the privilege
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|  * to run the specified action against the specified data model.
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|  * If the user does not have access, a [[ForbiddenHttpException]] should be thrown.
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|  *
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|  * @param string $action the ID of the action to be executed
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|  * @param \yii\base\Model $model the model to be accessed. If `null`, it means no specific model is being accessed.
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|  * @param array $params additional parameters
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|  * @throws ForbiddenHttpException if the user does not have access
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|  */
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| public function checkAccess($action, $model = null, $params = [])
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| {
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|     // check if the user can access $action and $model
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|     // throw ForbiddenHttpException if access should be denied
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|     if ($action === 'update' || $action === 'delete') {
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|         if ($model->author_id !== \Yii::$app->user->id)
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|             throw new \yii\web\ForbiddenHttpException(sprintf('You can only %s articles that you\'ve created.', $action));
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|     }
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| }
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| ```
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| 
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| `checkAccess()` 方法默认会被[[yii\rest\ActiveController]]默认动作所调用,如果创建新的操作并想执行权限检查,
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| 应在新的动作中明确调用该方法。
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| 
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| > Tip: 可使用[Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) 基于角色权限控制组件](security-authorization.md)实现`checkAccess()`。
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