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98 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
98 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
Components
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==========
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Components are the main building blocks of Yii applications. Components are instances of [[yii\base\Component]],
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or an extended class. The three main features that components provide to other classes are:
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* [Properties](concept-properties.md)
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* [Events](concept-events.md)
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* [Behaviors](concept-behaviors.md)
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Separately and combined, these features make Yii classes much more customizable and easier to use. For example,
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the included [[yii\jui\DatePicker|date picker widget]], a user interface component, can be used in a [view](structure-view.md)
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to generate an interactive date picker:
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```php
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use yii\jui\DatePicker;
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echo DatePicker::widget([
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'language' => 'ru',
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'name' => 'country',
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'clientOptions' => [
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'dateFormat' => 'yy-mm-dd',
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],
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]);
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```
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The widget's properties are easily writable because the class extends [[yii\base\Component]].
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While components are very powerful, they are a bit heavier than normal objects, due to the fact that
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it takes extra memory and CPU time to support [event](concept-events.md) and [behavior](concept-behaviors.md) functionality in particular.
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If your components do not need these two features, you may consider extending your component class from
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[[yii\base\Object]] instead of [[yii\base\Component]]. Doing so will make your components as efficient as normal PHP objects,
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but with added support for [properties](concept-properties.md).
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When extending your class from [[yii\base\Component]] or [[yii\base\Object]], it is recommended that you follow
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these conventions:
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- If you override the constructor, specify a `$config` parameter as the constructor's *last* parameter, and then pass this parameter
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to the parent constructor.
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- Always call the parent constructor *at the end* of your overriding constructor.
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- If you override the [[yii\base\Object::init()]] method, make sure you call the parent implementation of `init` *at the beginning* of your `init` method.
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For example:
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```php
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<?php
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namespace yii\components\MyClass;
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use yii\base\Object;
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class MyClass extends Object
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{
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public $prop1;
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public $prop2;
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public function __construct($param1, $param2, $config = [])
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{
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// ... initialization before configuration is applied
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parent::__construct($config);
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}
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public function init()
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{
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parent::init();
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// ... initialization after configuration is applied
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}
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}
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```
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Following these guidelines will make your components [configurable](concept-configurations.md) when they are created. For example:
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```php
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$component = new MyClass(1, 2, ['prop1' => 3, 'prop2' => 4]);
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// alternatively
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$component = \Yii::createObject([
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'class' => MyClass::className(),
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'prop1' => 3,
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'prop2' => 4,
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], [1, 2]);
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```
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> Info: While the approach of calling [[Yii::createObject()]] looks more complicated, it is more powerful because it is
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> implemented on top of a [dependency injection container](concept-di-container.md).
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The [[yii\base\Object]] class enforces the following object lifecycle:
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1. Pre-initialization within the constructor. You can set default property values here.
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2. Object configuration via `$config`. The configuration may overwrite the default values set within the constructor.
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3. Post-initialization within [[yii\base\Object::init()|init()]]. You may override this method to perform sanity checks and normalization of the properties.
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4. Object method calls.
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The first three steps all happen within the object's constructor. This means that once you get a class instance (i.e., an object),
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that object has already been initialized to a proper, reliable state.
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