podman/docs/tutorials/podman_tutorial.md

![PODMAN logo](../../logo/podman-logo-source.svg)

# Basic Setup and Use of Podman
Podman is a utility provided as part of the libpod library.  It can be used to create and maintain
containers. The following tutorial will teach you how to set up Podman and perform some basic
commands with Podman.

**NOTE**: the code samples are intended to be run as a non-root user, and use `sudo` where
root escalation is required.

## Install Podman on Fedora from RPM Repositories
Fedora 27 and later provide Podman via the package manager.
```console
sudo dnf install -y podman
```

*Optional*: If you've already installed podman on Fedora and you're feeling
adventerous, you can test the very latest podman in Fedora's `updates-testing`
repository before it goes out to all Fedora users.
```console
sudo yum distro-sync --enablerepo=updates-testing podman
```

If you use a newer podman package from Fedora's `updates-testing`, we would
appreciate your `+1` feedback in [Bodhi, Fedora's update management
system](https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/?packages=podman).

## Install Podman on Fedora from Source
Many of the basic components to run Podman are readily available from the Fedora RPM repositories.
In this section, we will help you install all the runtime and build dependencies for Podman,
acquire the source, and build it.

### Installing build and runtime dependencies
```console
sudo dnf install -y git runc libassuan-devel golang golang-github-cpuguy83-go-md2man glibc-static \
                                  gpgme-devel glib2-devel device-mapper-devel libseccomp-devel \
                                  atomic-registries iptables containers-common containernetworking-cni \
                                  conmon ostree-devel
```
### Building and installing podman

First, configure a `GOPATH` (if you are using go1.8 or later, this defaults to `~/go`), then clone
and make libpod.

```console
export GOPATH=~/go
mkdir -p $GOPATH
git clone https://github.com/containers/libpod/ $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/libpod
cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/libpod
make
sudo make install PREFIX=/usr
```

You now have a working podman environment.  Jump to [Familiarizing yourself with Podman](#familiarizing-yourself-with-podman)
to begin using Podman.

## Install podman on Ubuntu

The default Ubuntu cloud image size will not allow for the following exercise to be done without increasing its
capacity.  Be sure to add at least 5GB to the image. Instructions to do this are outside the scope of this
tutorial. For this tutorial, the Ubuntu **artful-server-cloudimg** image was used.

### Installing build and runtime dependencies

#### Installing base packages
```console
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libdevmapper-dev libglib2.0-dev libgpgme11-dev golang libseccomp-dev libostree-dev \
                        go-md2man libprotobuf-dev libprotobuf-c0-dev libseccomp-dev python3-setuptools
```
#### Building and installing conmon
First, configure a `GOPATH` (if you are using go1.8 or later, this defaults to `~/go`), then clone
and make libpod.

```console
export GOPATH=~/go
mkdir -p $GOPATH
git clone https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-o $GOPATH/src/github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-o
cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-o
mkdir bin
make bin/conmon
sudo install -D -m 755 bin/conmon /usr/libexec/podman/conmon
```
#### Adding required configuration files
```console
sudo mkdir -p /etc/containers
sudo curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectatomic/registries/master/registries.fedora -o /etc/containers/registries.conf
sudo curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containers/skopeo/master/default-policy.json -o /etc/containers/policy.json
```
#### Installing CNI plugins
```console
git clone https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins.git $GOPATH/src/github.com/containernetworking/plugins
cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/containernetworking/plugins
./build_linux.sh
sudo mkdir -p /usr/libexec/cni
sudo cp bin/* /usr/libexec/cni
```
#### Installing CNI config
Add a most basic network config
```console
mkdir -p /etc/cni/net.d
curl -qsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containers/libpod/master/cni/87-podman-bridge.conflist | sudo tee /etc/cni/net.d/99-loopback.conf
```
#### Installing runc
```console
git clone https://github.com/opencontainers/runc.git $GOPATH/src/github.com/opencontainers/runc
cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/opencontainers/runc
make BUILDTAGS="seccomp"
sudo cp runc /usr/bin/runc
```

### Building and installing Podman
```console
git clone https://github.com/containers/libpod/ $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/libpod
cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/libpod
make
sudo make install PREFIX=/usr
```

## Familiarizing yourself with Podman

### Running a sample container
This sample container will run a very basic httpd server that serves only its index
page.
```console
podman run -dt -p 8080:8080/tcp -e HTTPD_VAR_RUN=/var/run/httpd -e HTTPD_MAIN_CONF_D_PATH=/etc/httpd/conf.d \
                  -e HTTPD_MAIN_CONF_PATH=/etc/httpd/conf \
                  -e HTTPD_CONTAINER_SCRIPTS_PATH=/usr/share/container-scripts/httpd/ \
                  registry.fedoraproject.org/f27/httpd /usr/bin/run-httpd
```
Because the container is being run in detached mode, represented by the *-d* in the podman run command, podman
will print the container ID after it has run. Note that we use port forwarding to be able to
access the HTTP server. For successful running at least slirp4netns v0.3.0 is needed.

### Listing running containers
The Podman *ps* command is used to list creating and running containers.
```console
podman ps
```

Note: If you add *-a* to the *ps* command, Podman will show all containers.
### Inspecting a running container
You can "inspect" a running container for metadata and details about itself.  We can even use
the inspect subcommand to see what IP address was assigned to the container. As the container is running in rootless mode, an IP address is not assigned and the value will be listed as "none" in the output from inspect.
```console
$ podman inspect -l | grep IPAddress\":
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "IPAddress": "",
```

Note: The -l is a convenience argument for **latest container**.  You can also use the container's ID instead
of -l.

### Testing the httpd server
Now that we have the IP address of the container, we can test the network communication between the host
operating system and the container using curl. The following command should display the index page of our
containerized httpd server.
```console
curl http://<IP_address>:8080
```

### Viewing the container's logs
You can view the container's logs with Podman as well:
```console
$ sudo podman logs --latest
10.88.0.1 - - [07/Feb/2018:15:22:11 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.55.1" "-"
10.88.0.1 - - [07/Feb/2018:15:22:30 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.55.1" "-"
10.88.0.1 - - [07/Feb/2018:15:22:30 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.55.1" "-"
10.88.0.1 - - [07/Feb/2018:15:22:31 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.55.1" "-"
10.88.0.1 - - [07/Feb/2018:15:22:31 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.55.1" "-"
```

### Viewing the container's pids
And you can observe the httpd pid in the container with *top*.
```console
$ sudo podman top <container_id>
  UID   PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
    0 31873 31863  0 09:21 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
  101 31889 31873  0 09:21 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
```

### Checkpointing the container
Checkpointing a container stops the container while writing the state of all processes in the container to disk.
With this a container can later be restored and continue running at exactly the same point in time as the
checkpoint. This capability requires CRIU 3.11 or later installed on the system.
To checkpoint the container use:
```console
sudo podman container checkpoint <container_id>
```

### Restoring the container
Restoring a container is only possible for a previously checkpointed container. The restored container will
continue to run at exactly the same point in time it was checkpointed.
To restore the container use:
```console
sudo podman container restore <container_id>
```

After being restored, the container will answer requests again as it did before checkpointing.
```console
curl http://<IP_address>:8080
```

### Stopping the container
To stop the httpd container:
```console
sudo podman stop --latest
```
You can also check the status of one or more containers using the *ps* subcommand. In this case, we should
use the *-a* argument to list all containers.
```console
sudo podman ps -a
```

### Removing the container
To remove the httpd container:
```console
sudo podman rm --latest
```
You can verify the deletion of the container by running *podman ps -a*.

## Integration Tests
For more information on how to setup and run the integration tests in your environment, checkout the Integration Tests [README.md](../../test/README.md)

## More information

For more information on Podman and its subcommands, checkout the asciiart demos on the [README.md](../../README.md#commands)
page.