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131 lines
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<h1><a href="https://nn.labml.ai/transformers/switch/index.html">Switch Transformer</a></h1>
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<p>This is a miniature <a href="https://pytorch.org">PyTorch</a> implementation of the paper <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.03961">Switch Transformers: Scaling to Trillion Parameter Models with Simple and Efficient Sparsity</a>. Our implementation only has a few million parameters and doesn't do model parallel distributed training. It does single GPU training, but we implement the concept of switching as described in the paper.</p>
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<p>The Switch Transformer uses different parameters for each token by switching among parameters based on the token. Therefore, only a fraction of parameters are chosen for each token. So you can have more parameters but less computational cost.</p>
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<p>The switching happens at the Position-wise Feedforward network (FFN) of each transformer block. Position-wise feedforward network consists of two sequentially fully connected layers. In switch transformer we have multiple FFNs (multiple experts), and we chose which one to use based on a router. The output is a set of probabilities for picking a FFN, and we pick the one with the highest probability and only evaluate that. So essentially the computational cost is the same as having a single FFN. In our implementation this doesn't parallelize well when you have many or large FFNs since it's all happening on a single GPU. In a distributed setup you would have each FFN (each very large) on a different device.</p>
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<p>The paper introduces another loss term to balance load among the experts (FFNs) and discusses dropping tokens when routing is not balanced.</p>
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<p>Here's <a href="experiment.html">the training code</a> and a notebook for training a switch transformer on Tiny Shakespeare dataset. </p>
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