v8.7.13

Issue number: resolves #30868

---------

<!-- Please do not submit updates to dependencies unless it fixes an
issue. -->

<!-- Please try to limit your pull request to one type (bugfix, feature,
etc). Submit multiple pull requests if needed. -->

## What is the current behavior?

Currently, users are unable to use ionic-framework with node < 24. This
was an accidental change, not something we actually require.

## What is the new behavior?

This change aligns the core file with the [top level
package.json](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/blob/main/package.json#L9)
requirement. We may want to look into upping this at some point in the
future, but right now this should be fine.

## Does this introduce a breaking change?

- [ ] Yes
- [X] No

<!--
  If this introduces a breaking change:
1. Describe the impact and migration path for existing applications
below.
  2. Update the BREAKING.md file with the breaking change.
3. Add "BREAKING CHANGE: [...]" to the commit description when merging.
See
https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/blob/main/docs/CONTRIBUTING.md#footer
for more information.
-->


## Other information

<!-- Any other information that is important to this PR such as
screenshots of how the component looks before and after the change. -->

.github/actions/publish-npm/action.yml

@@ -8,48 +8,53 @@ inputs:
   tag:
     description: 'The tag to publish to on NPM.'
   preid:
-    description: 'The prerelease identifier used when doing a prerelease.'
+    description: "Prerelease identifier such as 'alpha', 'beta', 'rc', or 'next'. Leave blank to skip prerelease tagging."
   working-directory:
     description: 'The directory of the package.'
   folder:
     default: './'
     description: 'A folder containing a package.json file.'
-  token:
-    description: 'The NPM authentication token required to publish.'
+  node-version:
+    description: 'Node.js version to use when publishing.'
+    required: false
+    default: '24.x'
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+    - name: 🟢 Configure Node for Publish
+      uses: actions/setup-node@395ad3262231945c25e8478fd5baf05154b1d79f # v6.1.0
       with:
-        node-version: 22.x
+        node-version: ${{ inputs.node-version }}
+        registry-url: 'https://registry.npmjs.org'
+        scope: '@ionic'
     # Provenance requires npm 9.5.0+
-    - name: Install latest npm
+    - name: 📦 Install latest npm
       run: npm install -g npm@latest
       shell: bash
     # This ensures the local version of Lerna is installed
     # and that we do not use the global Lerna version
-    - name: Install root dependencies
+    - name: 🕸️ Install root dependencies
       run: npm ci
       shell: bash
-    - name: Install Dependencies
+    - name: 📦 Install Dependencies
       run: npx lerna@5 bootstrap --include-dependencies --scope ${{ inputs.scope }} --ignore-scripts -- --legacy-peer-deps
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
-    - name: Update Version
-      run: npx lerna@5 version ${{ inputs.version }} --yes --exact --no-changelog --no-push --no-git-tag-version --preid=${{ inputs.preid }}
+    - name: 🏷️ Set Version
+      run: |
+        if [ -z "${{ inputs.preid }}" ]; then
+          npx lerna@5 version ${{ inputs.version }} --yes --exact --no-changelog --no-push --no-git-tag-version
+        else
+          npx lerna@5 version ${{ inputs.version }} --yes --exact --no-changelog --no-push --no-git-tag-version --preid=${{ inputs.preid }}
+        fi
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
-    - name: Run Build
+    - name: 🏗️ Run Build
       run: npm run build
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
-    - name: Prepare NPM Token
-      run: echo //registry.npmjs.org/:_authToken=${NPM_TOKEN} > .npmrc
-      working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
-      shell: bash
-      env:
-        NPM_TOKEN: ${{ inputs.token }}
-    - name: Publish to NPM
+    - name: 🚀 Publish to NPM
       run: npm publish ${{ inputs.folder }} --tag ${{ inputs.tag }} --provenance
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
+

.github/workflows/actions/build-angular-server/action.yml

@@ -3,23 +3,23 @@ description: 'Build Ionic Angular Server'
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@395ad3262231945c25e8478fd5baf05154b1d79f # v6.1.0
       with:
-        node-version: 22.x
+        node-version: 24.x
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/download-archive
       with:
         name: ionic-core
         path: ./core
         filename: CoreBuild.zip
-    - name: Install Angular Server Dependencies
+    - name: 🕸️ Install Angular Server Dependencies
       run: npm ci
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/angular-server
-    - name: Sync
+    - name: 🔄 Sync
       run: npm run sync
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/angular-server
-    - name: Build
+    - name: 🏗️ Build
       run: npm run build.prod
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/angular-server

.github/workflows/actions/build-angular/action.yml

@@ -3,31 +3,31 @@ description: 'Build Ionic Angular'
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
       with:
-        node-version: 22.x
+        node-version: 24.x
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/download-archive
       with:
         name: ionic-core
         path: ./core
         filename: CoreBuild.zip
-    - name: Install Angular Dependencies
+    - name: 🕸️ Install Angular Dependencies
       run: npm ci
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/angular
-    - name: Sync
+    - name: 🔄 Sync
       run: npm run sync
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/angular
-    - name: Lint
+    - name: 🖌️ Lint
       run: npm run lint
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/angular
-    - name: Build
+    - name: 🏗️ Build
       run: npm run build
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/angular
-    - name: Check Diff
+    - name: 🔍 Check Diff
       run: git diff --exit-code
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/angular

.github/workflows/actions/build-core-stencil-prerelease/action.yml

@@ -8,20 +8,20 @@ inputs:
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@395ad3262231945c25e8478fd5baf05154b1d79f # v6.1.0
       with:
-        node-version: 22.x
+        node-version: 24.x
 
-    - name: Install Dependencies
+    - name: 🕸️ Install Dependencies
       run: npm ci
       working-directory: ./core
       shell: bash
-    - name: Install Stencil ${{ inputs.stencil-version }}
+    - name: 📦 Install Stencil ${{ inputs.stencil-version }}
       working-directory: ./core
       run: npm i @stencil/core@${{ inputs.stencil-version }}
       shell: bash
-    - name: Build Core
+    - name: 🏗️ Build Core
       run: npm run build -- --ci --debug --verbose
       working-directory: ./core
       shell: bash

.github/workflows/actions/build-core/action.yml

@@ -8,22 +8,22 @@ inputs:
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@395ad3262231945c25e8478fd5baf05154b1d79f # v6.1.0
       with:
-        node-version: 22.x
-    - name: Install Dependencies
+        node-version: 24.x
+    - name: 🕸️ Install Dependencies
       run: npm install
       working-directory: ./core
       shell: bash
     # If an Ionicons version was specified install that.
     # Otherwise just use the version defined in the package.json.
-    - name: Install Ionicons Version
+    - name: 📦 Install Ionicons Version
       if: inputs.ionicons-version != ''
       run: npm install ionicons@${{ inputs.ionicons-version }}
       working-directory: ./core
       shell: bash
-    - name: Build Core
+    - name: 🏗️ Build Core
       run: npm run build -- --ci
       working-directory: ./core
       shell: bash

.github/workflows/actions/build-react-router/action.yml

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ description: 'Build Ionic React Router'
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@395ad3262231945c25e8478fd5baf05154b1d79f # v6.1.0
       with:
-        node-version: 22.x
+        node-version: 24.x
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/download-archive
       with:
         name: ionic-core
@@ -16,19 +16,19 @@ runs:
         name: ionic-react
         path: ./packages/react
         filename: ReactBuild.zip
-    - name: Install Dependencies
+    - name: 🕸️ Install Dependencies
       run: npm ci
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/react-router
-    - name: Sync
+    - name: 🔄 Sync
       run: npm run sync
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/react-router
-    - name: Lint
+    - name: 🖌️ Lint
       run: npm run lint
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/react-router
-    - name: Build
+    - name: 🏗️ Build
       run: npm run build
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/react-router

.github/workflows/actions/build-react/action.yml

@@ -3,35 +3,35 @@ description: 'Build Ionic React'
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@395ad3262231945c25e8478fd5baf05154b1d79f # v6.1.0
       with:
-        node-version: 22.x
+        node-version: 24.x
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/download-archive
       with:
         name: ionic-core
         path: ./core
         filename: CoreBuild.zip
-    - name: Install React Dependencies
+    - name: 🕸️ Install React Dependencies
       run: npm ci
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/react
-    - name: Sync
+    - name: 🔄 Sync
       run: npm run sync
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/react
-    - name: Lint
+    - name: 🖌️ Lint
       run: npm run lint
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/react
-    - name: Build
+    - name: 🏗️ Build
       run: npm run build
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/react
-    - name: Test Spec
+    - name: 🧪 Test Spec
       run: npm run test.spec
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/react
-    - name: Check Diff
+    - name: 🔍 Check Diff
       run: git diff --exit-code
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/react

.github/workflows/actions/build-vue-router/action.yml

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ description: 'Builds Ionic Vue Router'
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@395ad3262231945c25e8478fd5baf05154b1d79f # v6.1.0
       with:
-        node-version: 22.x
+        node-version: 24.x
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/download-archive
       with:
         name: ionic-core
@@ -16,23 +16,23 @@ runs:
         name: ionic-vue
         path: ./packages/vue
         filename: VueBuild.zip
-    - name: Install Vue Router Dependencies
+    - name: 🕸️ Install Vue Router Dependencies
       run: npm ci
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/vue-router
-    - name: Sync
+    - name: 🔄 Sync
       run: npm run sync
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/vue-router
-    - name: Lint
+    - name: 🖌️ Lint
       run: npm run lint
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/vue-router
-    - name: Build
+    - name: 🏗️ Build
       run: npm run build
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/vue-router
-    - name: Test Spec
+    - name: 🧪 Test Spec
       run: npm run test.spec
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/vue-router

.github/workflows/actions/build-vue/action.yml

@@ -3,31 +3,31 @@ description: 'Build Ionic Vue'
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@395ad3262231945c25e8478fd5baf05154b1d79f # v6.1.0
       with:
-        node-version: 22.x
+        node-version: 24.x
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/download-archive
       with:
         name: ionic-core
         path: ./core
         filename: CoreBuild.zip
-    - name: Install Vue Dependencies
+    - name: 🕸️ Install Vue Dependencies
       run: npm ci
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/vue
-    - name: Sync
+    - name: 🔄 Sync
       run: npm run sync
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/vue
-    - name: Lint
+    - name: 🖌️ Lint
       run: npm run lint
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/vue
-    - name: Build
+    - name: 🏗️ Build
       run: npm run build
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/vue
-    - name: Check Diff
+    - name: 🔍 Check Diff
       run: git diff --exit-code
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/vue

.github/workflows/actions/download-archive/action.yml

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ inputs:
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
       with:
         name: ${{ inputs.name }}
         path: ${{ inputs.path }}
-    - name: Extract Archive
+    - name: 🔎 Extract Archive
       run: unzip -q -o ${{ inputs.path }}/${{ inputs.filename }}
       shell: bash

.github/workflows/actions/test-angular-e2e/action.yml

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ inputs:
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@395ad3262231945c25e8478fd5baf05154b1d79f # v6.1.0
       with:
-        node-version: 22.x
+        node-version: 24.x
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/download-archive
       with:
         name: ionic-core
@@ -24,23 +24,23 @@ runs:
         name: ionic-angular-server
         path: ./packages/angular-server
         filename: AngularServerBuild.zip
-    - name: Create Test App
+    - name: 🧪 Create Test App
       run: ./build.sh ${{ inputs.app }}
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/angular/test
-    - name: Install Dependencies
+    - name: 🕸️ Install Dependencies
       run: npm install
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/angular/test/build/${{ inputs.app }}
-    - name: Install Playwright Browsers
+    - name: 📦 Install Playwright Browsers
       run: npx playwright install
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/angular/test/build/${{ inputs.app }}
-    - name: Sync Built Changes
+    - name: 🔄 Sync Built Changes
       run: npm run sync
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/angular/test/build/${{ inputs.app }}
-    - name: Run Tests
+    - name: 🧪 Run Tests
       run: npm run test
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/angular/test/build/${{ inputs.app }}

.github/workflows/actions/test-core-clean-build/action.yml

@@ -3,16 +3,16 @@ description: 'Test Core Clean Build'
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@395ad3262231945c25e8478fd5baf05154b1d79f # v6.1.0
       with:
-        node-version: 22.x
+        node-version: 24.x
 
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/download-archive
       with:
         name: ionic-core
         path: ./core
         filename: CoreBuild.zip
-    - name: Check Diff
+    - name: 🔍 Check Diff
       run: |
         git diff --exit-code || {
           echo -e "\033[1;31m⚠️ Error: Differences Detected ⚠️\033[0m"

.github/workflows/actions/test-core-lint/action.yml

@@ -3,21 +3,21 @@ description: 'Test Core Lint'
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@395ad3262231945c25e8478fd5baf05154b1d79f # v6.1.0
       with:
-        node-version: 22.x
-    - name: Install Dependencies
+        node-version: 24.x
+    - name: 🕸️ Install Dependencies
       run: npm ci
       working-directory: ./core
       shell: bash
-    - name: Lint
+    - name: 🖌️ Lint
       run: npm run lint
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./core
     # Lint changes should be pushed
     # to the branch before the branch
     # is merge eligible.
-    - name: Check Lint Results
+    - name: 🔎 Check Lint Results
       run: git diff --exit-code
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./core

.github/workflows/actions/test-core-screenshot/action.yml

@@ -13,19 +13,19 @@ inputs:
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@395ad3262231945c25e8478fd5baf05154b1d79f # v6.1.0
       with:
-        node-version: 22.x
+        node-version: 24.x
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/download-archive
       with:
         name: ionic-core
         path: ./core
         filename: CoreBuild.zip
-    - name: Install Dependencies
+    - name: 🕸️ Install Dependencies
       run: npm install
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./core
-    - name: Test
+    - name: 🧪 Test
       if: inputs.update != 'true'
       run: npm run test.e2e.docker.ci ${{ inputs.component }} -- --shard=${{ inputs.shard }}/${{ inputs.totalShards }}
       shell: bash
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ runs:
         fi
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./core
-    - name: Archive Updated Screenshots
+    - name: 📦 Archive Updated Screenshots
       if: inputs.update == 'true' && steps.test-and-update.outputs.hasUpdatedScreenshots == 'true'
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
       with:
         name: updated-screenshots-${{ inputs.shard }}-${{ inputs.totalShards }}
         path: UpdatedScreenshots-${{ inputs.shard }}-${{ inputs.totalShards }}.zip
-    - name: Archive Test Results
+    - name: 📦 Archive Test Results
       # The always() ensures that this step
       # runs even if the previous step fails.
       # We want the test results to be archived

.github/workflows/actions/test-core-spec/action.yml

@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ inputs:
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@395ad3262231945c25e8478fd5baf05154b1d79f # v6.1.0
       with:
-        node-version: 22.x
-    - name: Install Dependencies
+        node-version: 24.x
+    - name: 🕸️ Install Dependencies
       run: npm ci
       working-directory: ./core
       shell: bash
-    - name: Install Stencil ${{ inputs.stencil-version }}
+    - name: 📦 Install Stencil ${{ inputs.stencil-version }}
       run: npm install @stencil/core@${{ inputs.stencil-version }}
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./core
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ runs:
         name: ionic-core
         path: ./core
         filename: CoreBuild.zip
-    - name: Test
+    - name: 🧪 Test
       run: npm run test.spec -- --ci
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./core

.github/workflows/actions/test-react-e2e/action.yml

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ inputs:
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@395ad3262231945c25e8478fd5baf05154b1d79f # v6.1.0
       with:
-        node-version: 22.x
+        node-version: 24.x
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/download-archive
       with:
         name: ionic-core
@@ -24,23 +24,23 @@ runs:
         name: ionic-react-router
         path: ./packages/react-router
         filename: ReactRouterBuild.zip
-    - name: Create Test App
+    - name: 🧪 Create Test App
       run: ./build.sh ${{ inputs.app }}
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/react/test
-    - name: Install Dependencies
+    - name: 🕸️ Install Dependencies
       run: npm install
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/react/test/build/${{ inputs.app }}
-    - name: Sync Built Changes
+    - name: 🔄 Sync Built Changes
       run: npm run sync
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/react/test/build/${{ inputs.app }}
-    - name: Build
+    - name: 🏗️ Build
       run: npm run build
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/react/test/build/${{ inputs.app }}
-    - name: Run Tests
+    - name: 🧪 Run Tests
       run: npm run e2e
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/react/test/build/${{ inputs.app }}

.github/workflows/actions/test-react-router-e2e/action.yml

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ inputs:
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@395ad3262231945c25e8478fd5baf05154b1d79f # v6.1.0
       with:
-        node-version: 22.x
+        node-version: 24.x
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/download-archive
       with:
         name: ionic-core
@@ -24,23 +24,23 @@ runs:
         name: ionic-react-router
         path: ./packages/react-router
         filename: ReactRouterBuild.zip
-    - name: Create Test App
+    - name: 🧪 Create Test App
       run: ./build.sh ${{ inputs.app }}
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/react-router/test
-    - name: Install Dependencies
+    - name: 🕸️ Install Dependencies
       run: npm install
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/react-router/test/build/${{ inputs.app }}
-    - name: Sync Built Changes
+    - name: 🔄 Sync Built Changes
       run: npm run sync
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/react-router/test/build/${{ inputs.app }}
-    - name: Build
+    - name: 🏗️ Build
       run: npm run build
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/react-router/test/build/${{ inputs.app }}
-    - name: Run Tests
+    - name: 🧪 Run Tests
       run: npm run e2e
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/react-router/test/build/${{ inputs.app }}

.github/workflows/actions/test-vue-e2e/action.yml

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ inputs:
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@395ad3262231945c25e8478fd5baf05154b1d79f # v6.1.0
       with:
-        node-version: 22.x
+        node-version: 24.x
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/download-archive
       with:
         name: ionic-core
@@ -24,23 +24,23 @@ runs:
         name: ionic-vue-router
         path: ./packages/vue-router
         filename: VueRouterBuild.zip
-    - name: Create Test App
+    - name: 🧪 Create Test App
       run: ./build.sh ${{ inputs.app }}
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/vue/test
-    - name: Install Dependencies
+    - name: 📦 Install Dependencies
       run: npm install
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/vue/test/build/${{ inputs.app }}
-    - name: Sync
+    - name: 🔄 Sync
       run: npm run sync
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/vue/test/build/${{ inputs.app }}
-    - name: Run Spec Tests
+    - name: 🧪 Run Spec Tests
       run: npm run test:unit
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/vue/test/build/${{ inputs.app }}
-    - name: Run E2E Tests
+    - name: 🧪 Run E2E Tests
       run: npm run test:e2e
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./packages/vue/test/build/${{ inputs.app }}

.github/workflows/actions/update-reference-screenshots/action.yml

@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ on:
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@395ad3262231945c25e8478fd5baf05154b1d79f # v6.1.0
       with:
-        node-version: 22.x
-    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
+        node-version: 24.x
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
       with:
         path: ./artifacts
-    - name: Extract Archives
+    - name: 🔎 Extract Archives
       # This finds all .zip files in the ./artifacts
       # directory, including nested directories.
       # It then unzips every .zip to the root directory
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ runs:
         find . -type f -name 'UpdatedScreenshots-*.zip' -exec unzip -q -o -d ../ {} \;
       shell: bash
       working-directory: ./artifacts
-    - name: Push Screenshots
+    - name: 📸 Push Screenshots
       # Configure user as Ionitron
       # and push only the changed .png snapshots
       # to the remote branch.

.github/workflows/actions/upload-archive/action.yml

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ inputs:
 runs:
   using: 'composite'
   steps:
-    - name: Create Archive
+    - name: 🗄️ Create Archive
       run: zip -q -r ${{ inputs.output }} ${{ inputs.paths }}
       shell: bash
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
       with:
         name: ${{ inputs.name }}
         path: ${{ inputs.output }}

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
   build-core:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
       - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/build-core
         with:
           ionicons-version: ${{ inputs.ionicons_npm_release_tag }}
@@ -31,21 +31,21 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build-core]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
       - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/test-core-clean-build
 
   test-core-lint:
     needs: [build-core]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
       - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/test-core-lint
 
   test-core-spec:
     needs: [build-core]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
       - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/test-core-spec
 
   test-core-screenshot:
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build-core]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
       - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/test-core-screenshot
         with:
           shard: ${{ matrix.shard }}
@@ -90,14 +90,14 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build-core]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/build-vue
 
   build-vue-router:
     needs: [build-vue]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/build-vue-router
 
   test-vue-e2e:
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build-vue, build-vue-router]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/test-vue-e2e
       with:
         app: ${{ matrix.apps }}
@@ -126,14 +126,14 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build-core]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/build-angular
 
   build-angular-server:
     needs: [build-core]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/build-angular-server
 
   test-angular-e2e:
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build-angular, build-angular-server]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/test-angular-e2e
       with:
         app: ${{ matrix.apps }}
@@ -162,14 +162,14 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build-core]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/build-react
 
   build-react-router:
     needs: [build-react]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/build-react-router
 
   test-react-router-e2e:
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build-react, build-react-router]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/test-react-router-e2e
       with:
         app: ${{ matrix.apps }}
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build-react, build-react-router]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/test-react-e2e
       with:
         app: ${{ matrix.apps }}

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       security-events: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-      - uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+      - uses: github/codeql-action/init@v4
         with:
           languages: javascript
-      - uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
+      - uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v4

.github/workflows/dev-build.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 name: 'Ionic Dev Build'
 
 on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
+  workflow_call:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  id-token: write
 
 jobs:
   create-dev-hash:
@@ -9,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
     outputs:
       dev-hash: ${{ steps.create-dev-hash.outputs.DEV_HASH }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
       # A 1 is required before the timestamp
       # as lerna will fail when there is a leading 0
       # See https://github.com/lerna/lerna/issues/2840
@@ -25,13 +29,12 @@ jobs:
   release-ionic:
     needs: [create-dev-hash]
     permissions:
+      contents: read
       id-token: write
     uses: ./.github/workflows/release-ionic.yml
     with:
       tag: dev
       version: ${{ needs.create-dev-hash.outputs.dev-hash }}
-    secrets:
-      NPM_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}
 
   get-build:
     name: Get your dev build!

.github/workflows/nightly.yml

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 name: 'Ionic Nightly Build'
 
 on:
-  schedule:
-    # Run every Monday-Friday
-    # at 6:00 UTC (6:00 am UTC)
-    - cron: '00 06 * * 1-5'
+  workflow_call:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  id-token: write
 
 jobs:
   create-nightly-hash:
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
     outputs:
       nightly-hash: ${{ steps.create-nightly-hash.outputs.NIGHTLY_HASH }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
       # A 1 is required before the timestamp
       # as lerna will fail when there is a leading 0
       # See https://github.com/lerna/lerna/issues/2840
@@ -30,10 +31,10 @@ jobs:
   release-ionic:
     needs: [create-nightly-hash]
     permissions:
+      contents: read
       id-token: write
     uses: ./.github/workflows/release-ionic.yml
+    secrets: inherit
     with:
       tag: nightly
       version: ${{ needs.create-nightly-hash.outputs.nightly-hash }}
-    secrets:
-      NPM_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/release-ionic.yml

@@ -14,23 +14,23 @@ on:
       preid:
         description: 'The prerelease identifier used when doing a prerelease.'
         type: string
-    secrets:
-      NPM_TOKEN:
-        required: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  id-token: write
 
 jobs:
   release-core:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-    - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/publish-npm
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+    - uses: ./.github/actions/publish-npm
       with:
         scope: '@ionic/core'
         tag: ${{ inputs.tag }}
         version: ${{ inputs.version }}
         preid: ${{ inputs.preid }}
         working-directory: 'core'
-        token: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}
     - name: Cache Built @ionic/core
       uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/upload-archive
       with:
@@ -48,34 +48,33 @@ jobs:
     needs: [release-core]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - name: Restore @ionic/docs built cache
       uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/download-archive
       with:
         name: ionic-docs
         path: ./packages/docs
         filename: DocsBuild.zip
-    - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/publish-npm
+    - uses: ./.github/actions/publish-npm
       with:
         scope: '@ionic/docs'
         tag: ${{ inputs.tag }}
         version: ${{ inputs.version }}
         preid: ${{ inputs.preid }}
         working-directory: 'packages/docs'
-        token: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}
 
   release-angular:
     needs: [release-core]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - name: Restore @ionic/core built cache
       uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/download-archive
       with:
         name: ionic-core
         path: ./core
         filename: CoreBuild.zip
-    - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/publish-npm
+    - uses: ./.github/actions/publish-npm
       with:
         scope: '@ionic/angular'
         tag: ${{ inputs.tag }}
@@ -83,7 +82,6 @@ jobs:
         preid: ${{ inputs.preid }}
         working-directory: 'packages/angular'
         folder: './dist'
-        token: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}
     - name: Cache Built @ionic/angular
       uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/upload-archive
       with:
@@ -95,21 +93,20 @@ jobs:
     needs: [release-core]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - name: Restore @ionic/core built cache
       uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/download-archive
       with:
         name: ionic-core
         path: ./core
         filename: CoreBuild.zip
-    - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/publish-npm
+    - uses: ./.github/actions/publish-npm
       with:
         scope: '@ionic/react'
         tag: ${{ inputs.tag }}
         version: ${{ inputs.version }}
         preid: ${{ inputs.preid }}
         working-directory: 'packages/react'
-        token: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}
     - name: Cache Built @ionic/react
       uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/upload-archive
       with:
@@ -121,21 +118,20 @@ jobs:
     needs: [release-core]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - name: Restore @ionic/core built cache
       uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/download-archive
       with:
         name: ionic-core
         path: ./core
         filename: CoreBuild.zip
-    - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/publish-npm
+    - uses: ./.github/actions/publish-npm
       with:
         scope: '@ionic/vue'
         tag: ${{ inputs.tag }}
         version: ${{ inputs.version }}
         preid: ${{ inputs.preid }}
         working-directory: 'packages/vue'
-        token: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}
     - name: Cache Built @ionic/vue
       uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/upload-archive
       with:
@@ -147,14 +143,14 @@ jobs:
     needs: [release-core]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - name: Restore @ionic/core built cache
       uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/download-archive
       with:
         name: ionic-core
         path: ./core
         filename: CoreBuild.zip
-    - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/publish-npm
+    - uses: ./.github/actions/publish-npm
       with:
         scope: '@ionic/angular-server'
         tag: ${{ inputs.tag }}
@@ -162,13 +158,12 @@ jobs:
         preid: ${{ inputs.preid }}
         working-directory: 'packages/angular-server'
         folder: './dist'
-        token: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}
 
   release-react-router:
     needs: [release-react]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - name: Restore @ionic/core built cache
       uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/download-archive
       with:
@@ -181,20 +176,19 @@ jobs:
         name: ionic-react
         path: ./packages/react
         filename: ReactBuild.zip
-    - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/publish-npm
+    - uses: ./.github/actions/publish-npm
       with:
         scope: '@ionic/react-router'
         tag: ${{ inputs.tag }}
         version: ${{ inputs.version }}
         preid: ${{ inputs.preid }}
         working-directory: 'packages/react-router'
-        token: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}
 
   release-vue-router:
     needs: [release-vue]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - name: Restore @ionic/core built cache
       uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/download-archive
       with:
@@ -207,11 +201,10 @@ jobs:
         name: ionic-vue
         path: ./packages/vue
         filename: VueBuild.zip
-    - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/publish-npm
+    - uses: ./.github/actions/publish-npm
       with:
         scope: '@ionic/vue-router'
         tag: ${{ inputs.tag }}
         version: ${{ inputs.version }}
         preid: ${{ inputs.preid }}
         working-directory: 'packages/vue-router'
-        token: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/release-orchestrator.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+name: 'Release - Ionic Framework'
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    # Run every Monday-Friday
+    # at 6:00 UTC (6:00 am UTC)
+    - cron: '00 06 * * 1-5'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      release-type:
+        description: 'Which Ionic release workflow should run?'
+        required: true
+        type: choice
+        default: dev
+        options:
+          - dev
+          - production
+      version:
+        description: 'Which version should be published? (Only for production releases)'
+        required: false
+        type: choice
+        options:
+          - patch
+          - minor
+          - major
+          - prepatch
+          - preminor
+          - premajor
+          - prerelease
+      tag:
+        description: 'Which npm tag should this be published to? (Only for production releases)'
+        required: false
+        type: choice
+        default: latest
+        options:
+          - latest
+          - next
+      preid:
+        description: 'Which prerelease identifier should be used? (Only for production releases)'
+        required: false
+        type: choice
+        default: ''
+        options:
+          - ''
+          - alpha
+          - beta
+          - rc
+          - next
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  id-token: write
+
+jobs:
+  run-nightly:
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' }}
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      id-token: write
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/nightly.yml
+    secrets: inherit
+
+  run-dev:
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.release-type == 'dev' }}
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      id-token: write
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/dev-build.yml
+    secrets: inherit
+
+  run-production:
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.release-type == 'production' }}
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+      id-token: write
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/release.yml
+    secrets: inherit
+    with:
+      version: ${{ inputs.version }}
+      tag: ${{ inputs.tag }}
+      preid: ${{ inputs.preid }}

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -1,54 +1,64 @@
 name: 'Ionic Production Release'
 
 on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
+  workflow_call:
     inputs:
       version:
+        description: 'Which version should be published?'
         required: true
-        type: choice
-        description: Which version should be published?
-        options:
-          - patch
-          - minor
-          - major
-          - prepatch
-          - preminor
-          - premajor
-          - prerelease
+        type: string
       tag:
+        description: 'Which npm tag should this be published to?'
         required: true
-        type: choice
-        description: Which npm tag should this be published to?
-        options:
-          - latest
-          - next
+        type: string
       preid:
-        type: choice
-        description: Which prerelease identifier should be used? This is only needed when version is "prepatch", "preminor", "premajor", or "prerelease".
-        options:
-          - ''
-          - alpha
-          - beta
-          - rc
-          - next
+        description: 'Which prerelease identifier should be used? This is only needed when version is "prepatch", "preminor", "premajor", or "prerelease".'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  id-token: write
 
 jobs:
+  validate_version:
+    name: ✅ Validate Version Input
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: 🔎 Ensure version is allowed
+        env:
+          VERSION: ${{ inputs.version }}
+        run: |
+          case "$VERSION" in
+            patch|minor|major|prepatch|preminor|premajor|prerelease)
+              exit 0
+              ;;
+            *)
+              echo "::error::Invalid version input: '$VERSION'. Allowed values: patch, minor, major, prepatch, preminor, premajor, prerelease."
+              exit 1
+              ;;
+          esac
+        shell: bash
+
   release-ionic:
+    needs: [validate_version]
     permissions:
+      contents: read
       id-token: write
     uses: ./.github/workflows/release-ionic.yml
     with:
       tag: ${{ inputs.tag }}
       version: ${{ inputs.version }}
       preid: ${{ inputs.preid }}
-    secrets:
-      NPM_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}
 
   finalize-release:
     needs: [release-ionic]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+      id-token: write
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
       with:
         token: ${{ secrets.IONITRON_TOKEN }}
         fetch-depth: 0
@@ -75,8 +85,11 @@ jobs:
     # possible for them to push at the same time.
     needs: [finalize-release]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+      id-token: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         # Pull the latest version of the reference
         # branch instead of the revision that triggered
         # the workflow otherwise we won't get the commit

.github/workflows/stencil-nightly.yml

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
   build-core-with-stencil-nightly:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
       - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/build-core-stencil-prerelease
         with:
           stencil-version: ${{ inputs.npm_release_tag || 'nightly' }}
@@ -35,21 +35,21 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build-core-with-stencil-nightly]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
       - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/test-core-clean-build
 
   test-core-lint:
     needs: [build-core-with-stencil-nightly]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
       - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/test-core-lint
 
   test-core-spec:
     needs: [build-core-with-stencil-nightly]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
       - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/test-core-spec
         with:
           stencil-version: ${{ inputs.npm_release_tag || 'nightly' }}
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build-core-with-stencil-nightly]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
       - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/test-core-screenshot
         with:
           shard: ${{ matrix.shard }}
@@ -100,14 +100,14 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build-core-with-stencil-nightly]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/build-vue
 
   build-vue-router:
     needs: [build-vue]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/build-vue-router
 
   test-vue-e2e:
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build-vue, build-vue-router]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/test-vue-e2e
       with:
         app: ${{ matrix.apps }}
@@ -136,14 +136,14 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build-core-with-stencil-nightly]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/build-angular
 
   build-angular-server:
     needs: [build-core-with-stencil-nightly]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/build-angular-server
 
   test-angular-e2e:
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build-angular, build-angular-server]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/test-angular-e2e
       with:
         app: ${{ matrix.apps }}
@@ -172,14 +172,14 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build-core-with-stencil-nightly]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/build-react
 
   build-react-router:
     needs: [build-react]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/build-react-router
 
   test-react-router-e2e:
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build-react, build-react-router]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/test-react-router-e2e
       with:
         app: ${{ matrix.apps }}
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build-react, build-react-router]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
     - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/test-react-e2e
       with:
         app: ${{ matrix.apps }}
@@ -225,3 +225,35 @@ jobs:
       - name: Check build matrix status
         if: ${{ needs.test-react-e2e.result != 'success' }}
         run: exit 1
+
+  send-success-messages:
+    needs: [test-core-clean-build, test-core-lint, test-core-spec, verify-screenshots, verify-test-vue-e2e, verify-test-angular-e2e, verify-test-react-router-e2e, verify-test-react-e2e]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: ${{ !cancelled() && !contains(needs.*.result, 'failure') }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Notify success on Discord
+        run: |
+          curl -H "Content-Type:application/json" \
+          -d '{"embeds": [{"title": "✅ Workflow ${{github.workflow}} #${{github.run_number}} finished successfully", "color": 65280, "url": "${{github.server_url}}/${{github.repository}}/actions/runs/${{github.run_id}}"}]}' \
+          ${{secrets.DISCORD_NOTIFY_WEBHOOK}}
+      - name: Notify success on Slack
+        run: |
+          curl -H "Content-Type:application/json" \
+          -d '{"title": "✅ Workflow ${{github.workflow}} #${{github.run_number}} finished successfully", "url": "${{github.server_url}}/${{github.repository}}/actions/runs/${{github.run_id}}"}' \
+          ${{secrets.SLACK_NOTIFY_SUCCESS_WEBHOOK}}
+
+  send-failure-messages:
+    needs: [test-core-clean-build, test-core-lint, test-core-spec, verify-screenshots, verify-test-vue-e2e, verify-test-angular-e2e, verify-test-react-router-e2e, verify-test-react-e2e]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: ${{ !cancelled() && contains(needs.*.result, 'failure') }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Notify failure on Discord
+        run: |
+          curl -H "Content-Type:application/json" \
+          -d '{"content": "Alerting <@&1347593178580254761>!", "embeds": [{"title": "❌ Workflow ${{github.workflow}} #${{github.run_number}} failed", "color": 16711680, "url": "${{github.server_url}}/${{github.repository}}/actions/runs/${{github.run_id}}"}]}' \
+          ${{secrets.DISCORD_NOTIFY_WEBHOOK}}
+      - name: Notify failure on Slack
+        run: |
+          curl -H "Content-Type:application/json" \
+          -d '{"title": "❌ Workflow ${{github.workflow}} #${{github.run_number}} failed", "url": "${{github.server_url}}/${{github.repository}}/actions/runs/${{github.run_id}}"}' \
+          ${{secrets.SLACK_NOTIFY_FAILURE_WEBHOOK}}

.github/workflows/update-screenshots.yml

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
   build-core:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
       - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/build-core
 
   test-core-screenshot:
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build-core]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
       - uses: ./.github/workflows/actions/test-core-screenshot
         with:
           shard: ${{ matrix.shard }}
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: [test-core-screenshot]
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
         # Normally, we could just push with the
         # default GITHUB_TOKEN, but that will
         # not cause the build workflow

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -3,6 +3,96 @@
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 See [Conventional Commits](https://conventionalcommits.org) for commit guidelines.
 
+## [8.7.13](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.12...v8.7.13) (2025-12-13)
+
+**Note:** Version bump only for package ionic-framework
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.12](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.11...v8.7.12) (2025-12-10)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **modal:** allow interaction with parent content through sheet modals in child routes ([#30839](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30839)) ([b9e3cf0](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/b9e3cf0f5aae79a1f27a07b102c77e51f24825f4)), closes [#30700](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30700)
+* **modal:** prevent browser hang when using ModalController in Angular ([#30845](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30845)) ([b164516](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/b1645168a7fb9378dc39a081c207b2de0e180089))
+* **popover:** recalculate the content dimensions after the header has fully loaded ([#30853](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30853)) ([99dcf38](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/99dcf3810a0c32416996d1e992ddf63359965cfc))
+* **select, action-sheet:** use radio role for options ([#30769](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30769)) ([1c89cf0](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/1c89cf06ac959f9c9a35a66f811227c244d3198b))
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.11](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.10...v8.7.11) (2025-11-26)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **datetime:** ensure datetime is shown when intersection observer fails to report visibility ([#30793](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30793)) ([9d781db](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/9d781db662d213090d0b7198d0cdc5abb16fed1b)), closes [#30706](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30706)
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.10](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.9...v8.7.10) (2025-11-19)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **checkbox, toggle, radio-group:** improve screen reader announcement timing for validation errors ([#30714](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30714)) ([92db364](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/92db36489cca944caf1593dbd518a1f025a171a2))
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.9](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.8...v8.7.9) (2025-11-05)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **accordion-group:** skip initial animation ([#30729](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30729)) ([58d5638](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/58d563805fca1db88caeeb40a8f710ac30416d93)), closes [#30613](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30613)
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.8](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.7...v8.7.8) (2025-10-29)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **checkbox, toggle:** fire ionFocus and ionBlur ([#30733](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30733)) ([54a1c86](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/54a1c86d6a5d533b0c8c2d18edc62454a7c17bab))
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.7](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.6...v8.7.7) (2025-10-15)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **header:** ensure one banner role in condensed header ([#30718](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30718)) ([12084af](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/12084af163ed811b9c6bda3c7850fc0c53c60c7b))
+* **header:** prevent flickering during iOS page transitions ([#30705](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30705)) ([820fa28](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/820fa2854331722d22efd0e38a1936117477967a)), closes [#25326](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/25326)
+* **select:** improve screen reader announcement timing for validation errors ([#30723](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30723)) ([03303d7](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/03303d73f0bfe2380ced7931525fc52fd8576367))
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.6](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.5...v8.7.6) (2025-10-08)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **tabs:** respect stencil lifecycle order for tab selection ([#30702](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30702)) ([7bb9535](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/7bb9535f601d2469ce60687a9c03f8b1cfe4aba4)), closes [#30611](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30611)
+
+
+
+
+
 ## [8.7.5](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.4...v8.7.5) (2025-09-24)
 
 

core/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -3,6 +3,96 @@
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 See [Conventional Commits](https://conventionalcommits.org) for commit guidelines.
 
+## [8.7.13](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.12...v8.7.13) (2025-12-13)
+
+**Note:** Version bump only for package @ionic/core
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.12](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.11...v8.7.12) (2025-12-10)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **modal:** allow interaction with parent content through sheet modals in child routes ([#30839](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30839)) ([b9e3cf0](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/b9e3cf0f5aae79a1f27a07b102c77e51f24825f4)), closes [#30700](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30700)
+* **modal:** prevent browser hang when using ModalController in Angular ([#30845](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30845)) ([b164516](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/b1645168a7fb9378dc39a081c207b2de0e180089))
+* **popover:** recalculate the content dimensions after the header has fully loaded ([#30853](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30853)) ([99dcf38](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/99dcf3810a0c32416996d1e992ddf63359965cfc))
+* **select, action-sheet:** use radio role for options ([#30769](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30769)) ([1c89cf0](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/1c89cf06ac959f9c9a35a66f811227c244d3198b))
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.11](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.10...v8.7.11) (2025-11-26)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **datetime:** ensure datetime is shown when intersection observer fails to report visibility ([#30793](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30793)) ([9d781db](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/9d781db662d213090d0b7198d0cdc5abb16fed1b)), closes [#30706](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30706)
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.10](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.9...v8.7.10) (2025-11-19)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **checkbox, toggle, radio-group:** improve screen reader announcement timing for validation errors ([#30714](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30714)) ([92db364](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/92db36489cca944caf1593dbd518a1f025a171a2))
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.9](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.8...v8.7.9) (2025-11-05)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **accordion-group:** skip initial animation ([#30729](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30729)) ([58d5638](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/58d563805fca1db88caeeb40a8f710ac30416d93)), closes [#30613](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30613)
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.8](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.7...v8.7.8) (2025-10-29)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **checkbox, toggle:** fire ionFocus and ionBlur ([#30733](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30733)) ([54a1c86](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/54a1c86d6a5d533b0c8c2d18edc62454a7c17bab))
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.7](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.6...v8.7.7) (2025-10-15)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **header:** ensure one banner role in condensed header ([#30718](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30718)) ([12084af](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/12084af163ed811b9c6bda3c7850fc0c53c60c7b))
+* **header:** prevent flickering during iOS page transitions ([#30705](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30705)) ([820fa28](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/820fa2854331722d22efd0e38a1936117477967a)), closes [#25326](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/25326)
+* **select:** improve screen reader announcement timing for validation errors ([#30723](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30723)) ([03303d7](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/03303d73f0bfe2380ced7931525fc52fd8576367))
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.6](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.5...v8.7.6) (2025-10-08)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **tabs:** respect stencil lifecycle order for tab selection ([#30702](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30702)) ([7bb9535](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/commit/7bb9535f601d2469ce60687a9c03f8b1cfe4aba4)), closes [#30611](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30611)
+
+
+
+
+
 ## [8.7.5](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.4...v8.7.5) (2025-09-24)
 
 

core/Dockerfile

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Get Playwright
-FROM mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.55.1
+FROM mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.56.1
 
 # Set the working directory
 WORKDIR /ionic

core/package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 {
   "name": "@ionic/core",
-  "version": "8.7.5",
+  "version": "8.7.13",
   "description": "Base components for Ionic",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 16"
+  },
   "keywords": [
     "ionic",
     "framework",
@@ -31,20 +34,20 @@
     "loader/"
   ],
   "dependencies": {
-    "@stencil/core": "4.36.2",
+    "@stencil/core": "4.38.0",
     "ionicons": "^8.0.13",
     "tslib": "^2.1.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@axe-core/playwright": "^4.10.2",
-    "@capacitor/core": "^7.0.0",
-    "@capacitor/haptics": "^7.0.0",
-    "@capacitor/keyboard": "^7.0.0",
-    "@capacitor/status-bar": "^7.0.0",
+    "@axe-core/playwright": "^4.11.0",
+    "@capacitor/core": "^8.0.0",
+    "@capacitor/haptics": "^8.0.0",
+    "@capacitor/keyboard": "^8.0.0",
+    "@capacitor/status-bar": "^8.0.0",
     "@clack/prompts": "^0.11.0",
     "@ionic/eslint-config": "^0.3.0",
     "@ionic/prettier-config": "^2.0.0",
-    "@playwright/test": "^1.55.1",
+    "@playwright/test": "^1.56.1",
     "@rollup/plugin-node-resolve": "^8.4.0",
     "@rollup/plugin-virtual": "^2.0.3",
     "@stencil/angular-output-target": "^0.10.0",
@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@
     "@stencil/sass": "^3.0.9",
     "@stencil/vue-output-target": "0.10.8",
     "@types/jest": "^29.5.6",
-    "@types/node": "^14.6.0",
+    "@types/node": "^16.18.126",
     "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^6.7.2",
     "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^6.7.2",
     "chalk": "^5.3.0",
@@ -65,6 +68,7 @@
     "fs-extra": "^9.0.1",
     "jest": "^29.7.0",
     "jest-cli": "^29.7.0",
+    "playwright-core": "^1.56.1",
     "prettier": "^2.6.1",
     "rollup": "^2.26.4",
     "sass": "^1.33.0",

core/scripts/testing/scripts.js

@@ -1,30 +1,81 @@
+/**
+ * This script is loaded in testing environments to set up the
+ * document based on URL parameters.
+ * 
+ * Test pages (e.g., `chip/test/basic/index.html`) are set to use
+ * URL query parameters.
+ * 
+ * Playwright test environments (e.g., `chip/test/basic/chip.e2e.ts`)
+ * are set based on whether `setContent` or `goto` has been used:
+ * - `setContent` uses URL hash parameters. Tests will break if
+ * query parameters are used.
+ * - `goto` uses URL query parameters.
+ * 
+ * The following URL parameters are supported:
+ * - `rtl`: Set to `true` to enable right-to-left directionality.
+ * - `ionic:_testing`: Set to `true` to identify testing environments.
+ * - `ionic:mode`: Set to `ios` or `md` to load a specific mode.
+ * Defaults to `md`.
+ * - `palette`: Set to `light`, `dark`, `high-contrast`, or 
+ * `high-contrast-dark` to load a specific palette. Defaults to `light`.
+ */
 
 (function() {
 
-  if (window.location.search.indexOf('rtl=true') > -1) {
+  /**
+   * The `rtl` param is used to set the directionality of the 
+   * document. This can be `true` or `false`.
+   */
+  const isRTL = window.location.search.indexOf('rtl=true') > -1 || window.location.hash.indexOf('rtl=true') > -1;
+
+  if (isRTL) {
     document.documentElement.setAttribute('dir', 'rtl');
   }
 
-  if (window.location.search.indexOf('ionic:_testing=true') > -1) {
+  /**
+   * The `ionic:_testing` param is used to identify testing
+   * environments.
+   */
+  const isTestEnv = window.location.search.indexOf('ionic:_testing=true') > -1 || window.location.hash.indexOf('ionic:_testing=true') > -1;
+
+  if (isTestEnv) {
     const style = document.createElement('style');
     style.innerHTML = `
-* {
-  caret-color: transparent !important;
-}`;
+      * {
+        caret-color: transparent !important;
+      }
+    `;
     document.head.appendChild(style);
   }
 
   /**
-   * The term `palette` is used to as a param to match the
-   * Ionic docs, plus here is already a `ionic:theme` query being
-   * used for `md`, `ios`, and `ionic` themes.
+   * The `palette` param is used to load a specific palette
+   * for the theme.
+   * The dark class will load the dark palette automatically
+   * if no palette is specified through the URL.
+   * 
+   * Values can be `light`, `dark`, `high-contrast`,
+   * or `high-contrast-dark`. Default to `light` for tests.
    */
-  const palette = window.location.search.match(/palette=([a-z]+)/);
-  if (palette && palette[1] !== 'light') {
+  const validPalettes = ['light', 'dark', 'high-contrast', 'high-contrast-dark'];
+  const paletteQuery = window.location.search.match(/palette=([a-z-]+)/);
+  const paletteHash = window.location.hash.match(/palette=([a-z-]+)/);
+  const darkClass = document.body?.classList.contains('ion-palette-dark') ? 'dark' : null;
+  const highContrastClass = document.body?.classList.contains('ion-palette-high-contrast') ? 'high-contrast' : null;
+  const highContrastDarkClass = darkClass && highContrastClass ? 'high-contrast-dark' : null;
+
+  let paletteName = paletteQuery?.[1] || paletteHash?.[1] || highContrastDarkClass || darkClass || highContrastClass || 'light';
+
+  if (!validPalettes.includes(paletteName)) {
+    console.warn(`Invalid palette name: '${paletteName}'. Falling back to 'light' palette.`);
+    paletteName = 'light';
+  }
+
+  if (paletteName !== 'light') {
     const linkTag = document.createElement('link');
     linkTag.setAttribute('rel', 'stylesheet');
     linkTag.setAttribute('type', 'text/css');
-    linkTag.setAttribute('href', `/css/palettes/${palette[1]}.always.css`);
+    linkTag.setAttribute('href', `/css/palettes/${paletteName}.always.css`);
     document.head.appendChild(linkTag);
   }
 

core/src/components.d.ts

@@ -868,6 +868,10 @@ export namespace Components {
           * Get the element where the actual scrolling takes place. This element can be used to subscribe to `scroll` events or manually modify `scrollTop`. However, it's recommended to use the API provided by `ion-content`:  i.e. Using `ionScroll`, `ionScrollStart`, `ionScrollEnd` for scrolling events and `scrollToPoint()` to scroll the content into a certain point.
          */
         "getScrollElement": () => Promise<HTMLElement>;
+        /**
+          * Recalculate content dimensions. Called by overlays (e.g., popover) when sibling elements like headers or footers have finished rendering and their heights are available, ensuring accurate offset-top calculations.
+         */
+        "recalculateDimensions": () => Promise<void>;
         /**
           * Scroll by a specified X/Y distance in the component.
           * @param x The amount to scroll by on the horizontal axis.

core/src/components/accordion/accordion.tsx

@@ -38,7 +38,40 @@ const enum AccordionState {
 })
 export class Accordion implements ComponentInterface {
   private accordionGroupEl?: HTMLIonAccordionGroupElement | null;
-  private updateListener = () => this.updateState(false);
+  private accordionGroupUpdateHandler = () => {
+    /**
+     * Determine if this update will cause an actual state change.
+     * We only want to mark as "interacted" if the state is changing.
+     */
+    const accordionGroup = this.accordionGroupEl;
+    if (accordionGroup) {
+      const value = accordionGroup.value;
+      const accordionValue = this.value;
+      const shouldExpand = Array.isArray(value) ? value.includes(accordionValue) : value === accordionValue;
+      const isExpanded = this.state === AccordionState.Expanded || this.state === AccordionState.Expanding;
+      const stateWillChange = shouldExpand !== isExpanded;
+
+      /**
+       * Only mark as interacted if:
+       * 1. This is not the first update we've received with a defined value
+       * 2. The state is actually changing (prevents redundant updates from enabling animations)
+       */
+      if (this.hasReceivedFirstUpdate && stateWillChange) {
+        this.hasInteracted = true;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Only count this as the first update if the group value is defined.
+       * This prevents the initial undefined value from the group's componentDidLoad
+       * from being treated as the first real update.
+       */
+      if (value !== undefined) {
+        this.hasReceivedFirstUpdate = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    this.updateState();
+  };
   private contentEl: HTMLDivElement | undefined;
   private contentElWrapper: HTMLDivElement | undefined;
   private headerEl: HTMLDivElement | undefined;
@@ -50,6 +83,25 @@ export class Accordion implements ComponentInterface {
   @State() state: AccordionState = AccordionState.Collapsed;
   @State() isNext = false;
   @State() isPrevious = false;
+  /**
+   * Tracks whether a user-initiated interaction has occurred.
+   * Animations are disabled until the first interaction happens.
+   * This prevents the accordion from animating when it's programmatically
+   * set to an expanded or collapsed state on initial load.
+   */
+  @State() hasInteracted = false;
+
+  /**
+   * Tracks if this accordion has ever been expanded.
+   * Used to prevent the first expansion from animating.
+   */
+  private hasEverBeenExpanded = false;
+
+  /**
+   * Tracks if this accordion has received its first update from the group.
+   * Used to distinguish initial programmatic sets from user interactions.
+   */
+  private hasReceivedFirstUpdate = false;
 
   /**
    * The value of the accordion. Defaults to an autogenerated
@@ -88,15 +140,15 @@ export class Accordion implements ComponentInterface {
   connectedCallback() {
     const accordionGroupEl = (this.accordionGroupEl = this.el?.closest('ion-accordion-group'));
     if (accordionGroupEl) {
-      this.updateState(true);
-      addEventListener(accordionGroupEl, 'ionValueChange', this.updateListener);
+      this.updateState();
+      addEventListener(accordionGroupEl, 'ionValueChange', this.accordionGroupUpdateHandler);
     }
   }
 
   disconnectedCallback() {
     const accordionGroupEl = this.accordionGroupEl;
     if (accordionGroupEl) {
-      removeEventListener(accordionGroupEl, 'ionValueChange', this.updateListener);
+      removeEventListener(accordionGroupEl, 'ionValueChange', this.accordionGroupUpdateHandler);
     }
   }
 
@@ -212,10 +264,16 @@ export class Accordion implements ComponentInterface {
     ionItem.appendChild(iconEl);
   };
 
-  private expandAccordion = (initialUpdate = false) => {
+  private expandAccordion = () => {
     const { contentEl, contentElWrapper } = this;
-    if (initialUpdate || contentEl === undefined || contentElWrapper === undefined) {
+
+    /**
+     * If the content elements aren't available yet, just set the state.
+     * This happens on initial render before the DOM is ready.
+     */
+    if (contentEl === undefined || contentElWrapper === undefined) {
       this.state = AccordionState.Expanded;
+      this.hasEverBeenExpanded = true;
       return;
     }
 
@@ -227,6 +285,12 @@ export class Accordion implements ComponentInterface {
       cancelAnimationFrame(this.currentRaf);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Mark that this accordion has been expanded at least once.
+     * This allows subsequent expansions to animate.
+     */
+    this.hasEverBeenExpanded = true;
+
     if (this.shouldAnimate()) {
       raf(() => {
         this.state = AccordionState.Expanding;
@@ -247,9 +311,14 @@ export class Accordion implements ComponentInterface {
     }
   };
 
-  private collapseAccordion = (initialUpdate = false) => {
+  private collapseAccordion = () => {
     const { contentEl } = this;
-    if (initialUpdate || contentEl === undefined) {
+
+    /**
+     * If the content element isn't available yet, just set the state.
+     * This happens on initial render before the DOM is ready.
+     */
+    if (contentEl === undefined) {
       this.state = AccordionState.Collapsed;
       return;
     }
@@ -291,6 +360,19 @@ export class Accordion implements ComponentInterface {
    * of what is set in the config.
    */
   private shouldAnimate = () => {
+    /**
+     * Don't animate until after the first user interaction.
+     * This prevents animations on initial load when accordions
+     * start in an expanded or collapsed state programmatically.
+     *
+     * Additionally, don't animate the very first expansion even if
+     * hasInteracted is true. This handles edge cases like React StrictMode
+     * where effects run twice and might incorrectly mark as interacted.
+     */
+    if (!this.hasInteracted || !this.hasEverBeenExpanded) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
     if (typeof (window as any) === 'undefined') {
       return false;
     }
@@ -312,7 +394,7 @@ export class Accordion implements ComponentInterface {
     return true;
   };
 
-  private updateState = async (initialUpdate = false) => {
+  private updateState = async () => {
     const accordionGroup = this.accordionGroupEl;
     const accordionValue = this.value;
 
@@ -325,10 +407,10 @@ export class Accordion implements ComponentInterface {
     const shouldExpand = Array.isArray(value) ? value.includes(accordionValue) : value === accordionValue;
 
     if (shouldExpand) {
-      this.expandAccordion(initialUpdate);
+      this.expandAccordion();
       this.isNext = this.isPrevious = false;
     } else {
-      this.collapseAccordion(initialUpdate);
+      this.collapseAccordion();
 
       /**
        * When using popout or inset,
@@ -386,6 +468,12 @@ export class Accordion implements ComponentInterface {
 
     if (disabled || readonly) return;
 
+    /**
+     * Mark that the user has interacted with the accordion.
+     * This enables animations for all future state changes.
+     */
+    this.hasInteracted = true;
+
     if (accordionGroupEl) {
       /**
        * Because the accordion group may or may

core/src/components/accordion/test/accordion.spec.ts

@@ -200,6 +200,87 @@ it('should set default values if not provided', async () => {
   expect(accordion.classList.contains('accordion-collapsed')).toEqual(false);
 });
 
+it('should not animate when initial value is set before load', async () => {
+  const page = await newSpecPage({
+    components: [Item, Accordion, AccordionGroup],
+  });
+
+  const accordionGroup = page.doc.createElement('ion-accordion-group');
+  accordionGroup.innerHTML = `
+    <ion-accordion value="first">
+      <ion-item slot="header">Label</ion-item>
+      <div slot="content">Content</div>
+    </ion-accordion>
+    <ion-accordion value="second">
+      <ion-item slot="header">Label</ion-item>
+      <div slot="content">Content</div>
+    </ion-accordion>
+  `;
+
+  accordionGroup.value = 'first';
+  page.body.appendChild(accordionGroup);
+
+  await page.waitForChanges();
+
+  const firstAccordion = accordionGroup.querySelector('ion-accordion[value="first"]')!;
+
+  expect(firstAccordion.classList.contains('accordion-expanded')).toEqual(true);
+  expect(firstAccordion.classList.contains('accordion-expanding')).toEqual(false);
+});
+
+it('should not animate when initial value is set after load', async () => {
+  const page = await newSpecPage({
+    components: [Item, Accordion, AccordionGroup],
+  });
+
+  const accordionGroup = page.doc.createElement('ion-accordion-group');
+  accordionGroup.innerHTML = `
+    <ion-accordion value="first">
+      <ion-item slot="header">Label</ion-item>
+      <div slot="content">Content</div>
+    </ion-accordion>
+    <ion-accordion value="second">
+      <ion-item slot="header">Label</ion-item>
+      <div slot="content">Content</div>
+    </ion-accordion>
+  `;
+
+  page.body.appendChild(accordionGroup);
+  await page.waitForChanges();
+
+  accordionGroup.value = 'first';
+  await page.waitForChanges();
+
+  const firstAccordion = accordionGroup.querySelector('ion-accordion[value="first"]')!;
+
+  expect(firstAccordion.classList.contains('accordion-expanded')).toEqual(true);
+  expect(firstAccordion.classList.contains('accordion-expanding')).toEqual(false);
+});
+
+it('should not have animated class on first expansion', async () => {
+  const page = await newSpecPage({
+    components: [Item, Accordion, AccordionGroup],
+    html: `
+      <ion-accordion-group>
+        <ion-accordion value="first">
+          <ion-item slot="header">Label</ion-item>
+          <div slot="content">Content</div>
+        </ion-accordion>
+      </ion-accordion-group>
+    `,
+  });
+
+  const accordionGroup = page.body.querySelector('ion-accordion-group')!;
+  const firstAccordion = page.body.querySelector('ion-accordion[value="first"]')!;
+
+  // First expansion should not have the animated class
+  accordionGroup.value = 'first';
+  await page.waitForChanges();
+
+  expect(firstAccordion.classList.contains('accordion-animated')).toEqual(false);
+  expect(firstAccordion.classList.contains('accordion-expanded')).toEqual(true);
+});
+
 // Verifies fix for https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/27047
 it('should not have animated class when animated="false"', async () => {
   const page = await newSpecPage({

core/src/components/action-sheet/action-sheet.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { ComponentInterface, EventEmitter } from '@stencil/core';
-import { Watch, Component, Element, Event, Host, Method, Prop, h, readTask } from '@stencil/core';
+import { Watch, Component, Element, Event, Host, Listen, Method, Prop, State, h, readTask } from '@stencil/core';
 import type { Gesture } from '@utils/gesture';
 import { createButtonActiveGesture } from '@utils/gesture/button-active';
 import { raf } from '@utils/helpers';
@@ -46,11 +46,18 @@ export class ActionSheet implements ComponentInterface, OverlayInterface {
   private wrapperEl?: HTMLElement;
   private groupEl?: HTMLElement;
   private gesture?: Gesture;
+  private hasRadioButtons = false;
 
   presented = false;
   lastFocus?: HTMLElement;
   animation?: any;
 
+  /**
+   * The ID of the currently active/selected radio button.
+   * Used for keyboard navigation and ARIA attributes.
+   */
+  @State() activeRadioId?: string;
+
   @Element() el!: HTMLIonActionSheetElement;
 
   /** @internal */
@@ -81,6 +88,22 @@ export class ActionSheet implements ComponentInterface, OverlayInterface {
    * An array of buttons for the action sheet.
    */
   @Prop() buttons: (ActionSheetButton | string)[] = [];
+  @Watch('buttons')
+  buttonsChanged() {
+    const radioButtons = this.getRadioButtons();
+    this.hasRadioButtons = radioButtons.length > 0;
+
+    // Initialize activeRadioId when buttons change
+    if (this.hasRadioButtons) {
+      const checkedButton = radioButtons.find((b) => b.htmlAttributes?.['aria-checked'] === 'true');
+
+      if (checkedButton) {
+        const allButtons = this.getButtons();
+        const checkedIndex = allButtons.indexOf(checkedButton);
+        this.activeRadioId = this.getButtonId(checkedButton, checkedIndex);
+      }
+    }
+  }
 
   /**
    * Additional classes to apply for custom CSS. If multiple classes are
@@ -277,12 +300,53 @@ export class ActionSheet implements ComponentInterface, OverlayInterface {
     return true;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Get all buttons regardless of role.
+   */
   private getButtons(): ActionSheetButton[] {
     return this.buttons.map((b) => {
       return typeof b === 'string' ? { text: b } : b;
     });
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Get all radio buttons (buttons with role="radio").
+   */
+  private getRadioButtons(): ActionSheetButton[] {
+    return this.getButtons().filter((b) => {
+      const role = b.htmlAttributes?.role;
+      return role === 'radio' && !isCancel(role);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Handle radio button selection and update aria-checked state.
+   *
+   * @param button The radio button that was selected.
+   */
+  private selectRadioButton(button: ActionSheetButton) {
+    const buttonId = this.getButtonId(button);
+
+    // Set the active radio ID (this will trigger a re-render and update aria-checked)
+    this.activeRadioId = buttonId;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get or generate an ID for a button.
+   *
+   * @param button The button for which to get the ID.
+   * @param index Optional index of the button in the buttons array.
+   * @returns The ID of the button.
+   */
+  private getButtonId(button: ActionSheetButton, index?: number): string {
+    if (button.id) {
+      return button.id;
+    }
+    const allButtons = this.getButtons();
+    const buttonIndex = index !== undefined ? index : allButtons.indexOf(button);
+    return `action-sheet-button-${this.overlayIndex}-${buttonIndex}`;
+  }
+
   private onBackdropTap = () => {
     this.dismiss(undefined, BACKDROP);
   };
@@ -295,6 +359,96 @@ export class ActionSheet implements ComponentInterface, OverlayInterface {
     }
   };
 
+  /**
+   * When the action sheet has radio buttons, we want to follow the
+   * keyboard navigation pattern for radio groups:
+   * - Arrow Down/Right: Move to the next radio button (wrap to first if at end)
+   * - Arrow Up/Left: Move to the previous radio button (wrap to last if at start)
+   * - Space/Enter: Select the focused radio button and trigger its handler
+   */
+  @Listen('keydown')
+  onKeydown(ev: KeyboardEvent) {
+    // Only handle keyboard navigation if we have radio buttons
+    if (!this.hasRadioButtons || !this.presented) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const target = ev.target as HTMLElement;
+
+    // Ignore if the target element is not within the action sheet or not a radio button
+    if (
+      !this.el.contains(target) ||
+      !target.classList.contains('action-sheet-button') ||
+      target.getAttribute('role') !== 'radio'
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Get all radio button elements and filter out disabled ones
+    const radios = Array.from(this.el.querySelectorAll('.action-sheet-button[role="radio"]')).filter(
+      (el) => !(el as HTMLButtonElement).disabled
+    ) as HTMLButtonElement[];
+    const currentIndex = radios.findIndex((radio) => radio.id === target.id);
+
+    if (currentIndex === -1) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const allButtons = this.getButtons();
+    const radioButtons = this.getRadioButtons();
+    /**
+     * Build a map of button element IDs to their ActionSheetButton
+     * config objects.
+     * This allows us to quickly look up which button config corresponds
+     * to a DOM element when handling keyboard navigation
+     * (e.g., whenuser presses Space/Enter or arrow keys).
+     * The key is the ID that was set on the DOM element during render,
+     * and the value is the ActionSheetButton config that contains the
+     * handler and other properties.
+     */
+    const buttonIdMap = new Map<string, ActionSheetButton>();
+
+    radioButtons.forEach((b) => {
+      const allIndex = allButtons.indexOf(b);
+      const buttonId = this.getButtonId(b, allIndex);
+      buttonIdMap.set(buttonId, b);
+    });
+
+    let nextEl: HTMLButtonElement | undefined;
+
+    if (['ArrowDown', 'ArrowRight'].includes(ev.key)) {
+      ev.preventDefault();
+      ev.stopPropagation();
+
+      nextEl = currentIndex === radios.length - 1 ? radios[0] : radios[currentIndex + 1];
+    } else if (['ArrowUp', 'ArrowLeft'].includes(ev.key)) {
+      ev.preventDefault();
+      ev.stopPropagation();
+
+      nextEl = currentIndex === 0 ? radios[radios.length - 1] : radios[currentIndex - 1];
+    } else if (ev.key === ' ' || ev.key === 'Enter') {
+      ev.preventDefault();
+      ev.stopPropagation();
+
+      const button = buttonIdMap.get(target.id);
+      if (button) {
+        this.selectRadioButton(button);
+        this.buttonClick(button);
+      }
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Focus the next radio button
+    if (nextEl) {
+      const button = buttonIdMap.get(nextEl.id);
+      if (button) {
+        this.selectRadioButton(button);
+        nextEl.focus();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   connectedCallback() {
     prepareOverlay(this.el);
     this.triggerChanged();
@@ -312,6 +466,8 @@ export class ActionSheet implements ComponentInterface, OverlayInterface {
     if (!this.htmlAttributes?.id) {
       setOverlayId(this.el);
     }
+    // Initialize activeRadioId for radio buttons
+    this.buttonsChanged();
   }
 
   componentDidLoad() {
@@ -355,8 +511,82 @@ export class ActionSheet implements ComponentInterface, OverlayInterface {
     this.triggerChanged();
   }
 
+  private renderActionSheetButtons(filteredButtons: ActionSheetButton[]) {
+    const mode = getIonMode(this);
+    const { activeRadioId } = this;
+
+    return filteredButtons.map((b, index) => {
+      const isRadio = b.htmlAttributes?.role === 'radio';
+      const buttonId = this.getButtonId(b, index);
+      const radioButtons = this.getRadioButtons();
+      const isActiveRadio = isRadio && buttonId === activeRadioId;
+      const isFirstRadio = isRadio && b === radioButtons[0];
+
+      // For radio buttons, set tabindex: 0 for the active one, -1 for others
+      // For non-radio buttons, use default tabindex (undefined, which means 0)
+
+      /**
+       * For radio buttons, set tabindex based on activeRadioId
+       * - If the button is the active radio, tabindex is 0
+       * - If no radio is active, the first radio button should have tabindex 0
+       * - All other radio buttons have tabindex -1
+       * For non-radio buttons, use default tabindex (undefined, which means 0)
+       */
+      let tabIndex: number | undefined;
+
+      if (isRadio) {
+        // Focus on the active radio button
+        if (isActiveRadio) {
+          tabIndex = 0;
+        } else if (!activeRadioId && isFirstRadio) {
+          // No active radio, first radio gets focus
+          tabIndex = 0;
+        } else {
+          // All other radios are not focusable
+          tabIndex = -1;
+        }
+      } else {
+        tabIndex = undefined;
+      }
+
+      // For radio buttons, set aria-checked based on activeRadioId
+      // Otherwise, use the value from htmlAttributes if provided
+      const htmlAttrs = { ...b.htmlAttributes };
+      if (isRadio) {
+        htmlAttrs['aria-checked'] = isActiveRadio ? 'true' : 'false';
+      }
+
+      return (
+        <button
+          {...htmlAttrs}
+          role={isRadio ? 'radio' : undefined}
+          type="button"
+          id={buttonId}
+          class={{
+            ...buttonClass(b),
+            'action-sheet-selected': isActiveRadio,
+          }}
+          onClick={() => {
+            if (isRadio) {
+              this.selectRadioButton(b);
+            }
+            this.buttonClick(b);
+          }}
+          disabled={b.disabled}
+          tabIndex={tabIndex}
+        >
+          <span class="action-sheet-button-inner">
+            {b.icon && <ion-icon icon={b.icon} aria-hidden="true" lazy={false} class="action-sheet-icon" />}
+            {b.text}
+          </span>
+          {mode === 'md' && <ion-ripple-effect></ion-ripple-effect>}
+        </button>
+      );
+    });
+  }
+
   render() {
-    const { header, htmlAttributes, overlayIndex } = this;
+    const { header, htmlAttributes, overlayIndex, hasRadioButtons } = this;
     const mode = getIonMode(this);
     const allButtons = this.getButtons();
     const cancelButton = allButtons.find((b) => b.role === 'cancel');
@@ -388,7 +618,11 @@ export class ActionSheet implements ComponentInterface, OverlayInterface {
 
         <div class="action-sheet-wrapper ion-overlay-wrapper" ref={(el) => (this.wrapperEl = el)}>
           <div class="action-sheet-container">
-            <div class="action-sheet-group" ref={(el) => (this.groupEl = el)}>
+            <div
+              class="action-sheet-group"
+              ref={(el) => (this.groupEl = el)}
+              role={hasRadioButtons ? 'radiogroup' : undefined}
+            >
               {header !== undefined && (
                 <div
                   id={headerID}
@@ -401,22 +635,7 @@ export class ActionSheet implements ComponentInterface, OverlayInterface {
                   {this.subHeader && <div class="action-sheet-sub-title">{this.subHeader}</div>}
                 </div>
               )}
-              {buttons.map((b) => (
-                <button
-                  {...b.htmlAttributes}
-                  type="button"
-                  id={b.id}
-                  class={buttonClass(b)}
-                  onClick={() => this.buttonClick(b)}
-                  disabled={b.disabled}
-                >
-                  <span class="action-sheet-button-inner">
-                    {b.icon && <ion-icon icon={b.icon} aria-hidden="true" lazy={false} class="action-sheet-icon" />}
-                    {b.text}
-                  </span>
-                  {mode === 'md' && <ion-ripple-effect></ion-ripple-effect>}
-                </button>
-              ))}
+              {this.renderActionSheetButtons(buttons)}
             </div>
 
             {cancelButton && (

core/src/components/action-sheet/test/a11y/action-sheet.e2e.ts

@@ -134,3 +134,58 @@ configs({ directions: ['ltr'] }).forEach(({ title, screenshot, config }) => {
     });
   });
 });
+
+/**
+ * This behavior does not vary across modes/directions.
+ */
+configs({ modes: ['ios'], directions: ['ltr'] }).forEach(({ title, config }) => {
+  test.describe(title('action-sheet: radio buttons'), () => {
+    test('should render action sheet with radio buttons correctly', async ({ page }) => {
+      await page.goto(`/src/components/action-sheet/test/a11y`, config);
+
+      const ionActionSheetDidPresent = await page.spyOnEvent('ionActionSheetDidPresent');
+      const button = page.locator('#radioButtons');
+
+      await button.click();
+      await ionActionSheetDidPresent.next();
+
+      const actionSheet = page.locator('ion-action-sheet');
+
+      const radioButtons = actionSheet.locator('.action-sheet-button[role="radio"]');
+      await expect(radioButtons).toHaveCount(2);
+    });
+
+    test('should navigate radio buttons with keyboard', async ({ page, pageUtils }) => {
+      await page.goto(`/src/components/action-sheet/test/a11y`, config);
+
+      const ionActionSheetDidPresent = await page.spyOnEvent('ionActionSheetDidPresent');
+      const button = page.locator('#radioButtons');
+
+      await button.click();
+      await ionActionSheetDidPresent.next();
+
+      // Focus on the radios
+      await pageUtils.pressKeys('Tab');
+
+      // Verify the first focusable radio button is focused
+      let focusedElement = await page.evaluate(() => document.activeElement?.textContent?.trim());
+      expect(focusedElement).toBe('Option 2');
+
+      // Navigate to the next radio button
+      await page.keyboard.press('ArrowDown');
+
+      // Verify the first radio button is focused again (wrap around)
+      focusedElement = await page.evaluate(() => document.activeElement?.textContent?.trim());
+      expect(focusedElement).toBe('Option 1');
+
+      // Navigate to the next radio button
+      await page.keyboard.press('ArrowDown');
+
+      // Navigate to the cancel button
+      await pageUtils.pressKeys('Tab');
+
+      focusedElement = await page.evaluate(() => document.activeElement?.textContent?.trim());
+      expect(focusedElement).toBe('Cancel');
+    });
+  });
+});

core/src/components/action-sheet/test/a11y/index.html

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
       <button class="expand" id="ariaLabelCancelButton" onclick="presentAriaLabelCancelButton()">
         Aria Label Cancel Button
       </button>
+      <button class="expand" id="radioButtons" onclick="presentRadioButtons()">Radio Buttons</button>
     </main>
 
     <script>
@@ -100,6 +101,32 @@
           ],
         });
       }
+
+      function presentRadioButtons() {
+        openActionSheet({
+          header: 'Select an option',
+          buttons: [
+            {
+              text: 'Option 1',
+              htmlAttributes: {
+                role: 'radio',
+                'aria-checked': 'false',
+              },
+            },
+            {
+              text: 'Option 2',
+              htmlAttributes: {
+                role: 'radio',
+                'aria-checked': 'true',
+              },
+            },
+            {
+              text: 'Cancel',
+              role: 'cancel',
+            },
+          ],
+        });
+      }
     </script>
   </body>
 </html>

core/src/components/button/button.tsx

@@ -361,11 +361,7 @@ export class Button implements ComponentInterface, AnchorInterface, ButtonInterf
             target,
           };
     let fill = this.fill;
-    /**
-     * We check both undefined and null to
-     * work around https://github.com/ionic-team/stencil/issues/3586.
-     */
-    if (fill == null) {
+    if (fill === undefined) {
       fill = this.inToolbar || this.inListHeader ? 'clear' : 'solid';
     }
 

core/src/components/checkbox/checkbox.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type { ComponentInterface, EventEmitter } from '@stencil/core';
-import { Component, Element, Event, Host, Method, Prop, h } from '@stencil/core';
+import { Build, Component, Element, Event, Host, Method, Prop, State, h } from '@stencil/core';
+import { checkInvalidState } from '@utils/forms';
 import type { Attributes } from '@utils/helpers';
 import { inheritAriaAttributes, renderHiddenInput } from '@utils/helpers';
 import { createColorClasses, hostContext } from '@utils/theme';
@@ -34,8 +35,8 @@ export class Checkbox implements ComponentInterface {
   private inputLabelId = `${this.inputId}-lbl`;
   private helperTextId = `${this.inputId}-helper-text`;
   private errorTextId = `${this.inputId}-error-text`;
-  private focusEl?: HTMLElement;
   private inheritedAttributes: Attributes = {};
+  private validationObserver?: MutationObserver;
 
   @Element() el!: HTMLIonCheckboxElement;
 
@@ -121,6 +122,13 @@ export class Checkbox implements ComponentInterface {
    */
   @Prop() required = false;
 
+  /**
+   * Track validation state for proper aria-live announcements.
+   */
+  @State() isInvalid = false;
+
+  @State() private hintTextId?: string;
+
   /**
    * Emitted when the checked property has changed as a result of a user action such as a click.
    *
@@ -138,18 +146,69 @@ export class Checkbox implements ComponentInterface {
    */
   @Event() ionBlur!: EventEmitter<void>;
 
+  connectedCallback() {
+    const { el } = this;
+
+    // Watch for class changes to update validation state.
+    if (Build.isBrowser && typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined') {
+      this.validationObserver = new MutationObserver(() => {
+        const newIsInvalid = checkInvalidState(el);
+        if (this.isInvalid !== newIsInvalid) {
+          this.isInvalid = newIsInvalid;
+          /**
+           * Screen readers tend to announce changes
+           * to `aria-describedby` when the attribute
+           * is changed during a blur event for a
+           * native form control.
+           * However, the announcement can be spotty
+           * when using a non-native form control
+           * and `forceUpdate()`.
+           * This is due to `forceUpdate()` internally
+           * rescheduling the DOM update to a lower
+           * priority queue regardless if it's called
+           * inside a Promise or not, thus causing
+           * the screen reader to potentially miss the
+           * change.
+           * By using a State variable inside a Promise,
+           * it guarantees a re-render immediately at
+           * a higher priority.
+           */
+          Promise.resolve().then(() => {
+            this.hintTextId = this.getHintTextId();
+          });
+        }
+      });
+
+      this.validationObserver.observe(el, {
+        attributes: true,
+        attributeFilter: ['class'],
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Always set initial state
+    this.isInvalid = checkInvalidState(el);
+  }
+
   componentWillLoad() {
     this.inheritedAttributes = {
       ...inheritAriaAttributes(this.el),
     };
+
+    this.hintTextId = this.getHintTextId();
+  }
+
+  disconnectedCallback() {
+    // Clean up validation observer to prevent memory leaks.
+    if (this.validationObserver) {
+      this.validationObserver.disconnect();
+      this.validationObserver = undefined;
+    }
   }
 
   /** @internal */
   @Method()
   async setFocus() {
-    if (this.focusEl) {
-      this.focusEl.focus();
-    }
+    this.el.focus();
   }
 
   /**
@@ -169,7 +228,6 @@ export class Checkbox implements ComponentInterface {
   private toggleChecked = (ev: Event) => {
     ev.preventDefault();
 
-    this.setFocus();
     this.setChecked(!this.checked);
     this.indeterminate = false;
   };
@@ -207,10 +265,10 @@ export class Checkbox implements ComponentInterface {
     ev.stopPropagation();
   };
 
-  private getHintTextID(): string | undefined {
-    const { el, helperText, errorText, helperTextId, errorTextId } = this;
+  private getHintTextId(): string | undefined {
+    const { helperText, errorText, helperTextId, errorTextId, isInvalid } = this;
 
-    if (el.classList.contains('ion-touched') && el.classList.contains('ion-invalid') && errorText) {
+    if (isInvalid && errorText) {
       return errorTextId;
     }
 
@@ -226,7 +284,7 @@ export class Checkbox implements ComponentInterface {
    * This element should only be rendered if hint text is set.
    */
   private renderHintText() {
-    const { helperText, errorText, helperTextId, errorTextId } = this;
+    const { helperText, errorText, helperTextId, errorTextId, isInvalid } = this;
 
     /**
      * undefined and empty string values should
@@ -239,11 +297,11 @@ export class Checkbox implements ComponentInterface {
 
     return (
       <div class="checkbox-bottom">
-        <div id={helperTextId} class="helper-text" part="supporting-text helper-text">
-          {helperText}
+        <div id={helperTextId} class="helper-text" part="supporting-text helper-text" aria-live="polite">
+          {!isInvalid ? helperText : null}
         </div>
-        <div id={errorTextId} class="error-text" part="supporting-text error-text">
-          {errorText}
+        <div id={errorTextId} class="error-text" part="supporting-text error-text" role="alert">
+          {isInvalid ? errorText : null}
         </div>
       </div>
     );
@@ -278,13 +336,17 @@ export class Checkbox implements ComponentInterface {
       <Host
         role="checkbox"
         aria-checked={indeterminate ? 'mixed' : `${checked}`}
-        aria-describedby={this.getHintTextID()}
-        aria-invalid={this.getHintTextID() === this.errorTextId}
+        aria-describedby={this.hintTextId}
+        aria-invalid={this.isInvalid ? 'true' : undefined}
         aria-labelledby={hasLabelContent ? this.inputLabelId : null}
         aria-label={inheritedAttributes['aria-label'] || null}
         aria-disabled={disabled ? 'true' : null}
+        aria-required={required ? 'true' : undefined}
         tabindex={disabled ? undefined : 0}
         onKeyDown={this.onKeyDown}
+        onFocus={this.onFocus}
+        onBlur={this.onBlur}
+        onClick={this.onClick}
         class={createColorClasses(color, {
           [mode]: true,
           'in-item': hostContext('ion-item', el),
@@ -296,7 +358,6 @@ export class Checkbox implements ComponentInterface {
           [`checkbox-alignment-${alignment}`]: alignment !== undefined,
           [`checkbox-label-placement-${labelPlacement}`]: true,
         })}
-        onClick={this.onClick}
       >
         <label class="checkbox-wrapper" htmlFor={inputId}>
           {/*
@@ -309,9 +370,6 @@ export class Checkbox implements ComponentInterface {
             disabled={disabled}
             id={inputId}
             onChange={this.toggleChecked}
-            onFocus={() => this.onFocus()}
-            onBlur={() => this.onBlur()}
-            ref={(focusEl) => (this.focusEl = focusEl)}
             required={required}
             {...inheritedAttributes}
           />

core/src/components/checkbox/test/basic/checkbox.e2e.ts

@@ -44,7 +44,10 @@ configs().forEach(({ title, screenshot, config }) => {
   });
 });
 
-configs({ modes: ['ios'], directions: ['ltr'] }).forEach(({ title, config }) => {
+/**
+ * This behavior does not vary across modes/directions
+ */
+configs({ modes: ['ios'], directions: ['ltr'] }).forEach(({ title, screenshot, config }) => {
   test.describe(title('checkbox: ionChange'), () => {
     test('should fire ionChange when interacting with checkbox', async ({ page }) => {
       await page.setContent(
@@ -133,4 +136,195 @@ configs({ modes: ['ios'], directions: ['ltr'] }).forEach(({ title, config }) =>
       expect(clickCount).toBe(1);
     });
   });
+
+  test.describe(title('checkbox: ionFocus'), () => {
+    test('should not have visual regressions', async ({ page, pageUtils }) => {
+      await page.setContent(
+        `
+        <style>
+          #container {
+            display: inline-block;
+            padding: 10px;
+          }
+        </style>
+
+        <div id="container">
+          <ion-checkbox>Unchecked</ion-checkbox>
+        </div>
+      `,
+        config
+      );
+
+      await pageUtils.pressKeys('Tab');
+
+      const container = page.locator('#container');
+
+      await expect(container).toHaveScreenshot(screenshot(`checkbox-focus`));
+    });
+
+    test('should not have visual regressions when interacting with checkbox in item', async ({ page, pageUtils }) => {
+      await page.setContent(
+        `
+        <ion-item class="ion-focused">
+          <ion-checkbox>Unchecked</ion-checkbox>
+        </ion-item>
+      `,
+        config
+      );
+
+      // Test focus with keyboard navigation
+      await pageUtils.pressKeys('Tab');
+
+      const item = page.locator('ion-item');
+
+      await expect(item).toHaveScreenshot(screenshot(`checkbox-in-item-focus`));
+    });
+
+    test('should fire ionFocus when checkbox is focused', async ({ page, pageUtils }) => {
+      await page.setContent(
+        `
+        <ion-checkbox aria-label="checkbox" value="my-checkbox"></ion-checkbox>
+      `,
+        config
+      );
+
+      const ionFocus = await page.spyOnEvent('ionFocus');
+
+      // Test focus with keyboard navigation
+      await pageUtils.pressKeys('Tab');
+
+      expect(ionFocus).toHaveReceivedEventTimes(1);
+
+      // Reset focus
+      const checkbox = page.locator('ion-checkbox');
+      const checkboxBoundingBox = (await checkbox.boundingBox())!;
+      await page.mouse.click(0, checkboxBoundingBox.height + 1);
+
+      // Test focus with click
+      await checkbox.click();
+
+      expect(ionFocus).toHaveReceivedEventTimes(2);
+    });
+
+    test('should fire ionFocus when interacting with checkbox in item', async ({ page, pageUtils }) => {
+      await page.setContent(
+        `
+        <ion-item>
+          <ion-checkbox aria-label="checkbox" value="my-checkbox"></ion-checkbox>
+        </ion-item>
+      `,
+        config
+      );
+
+      const ionFocus = await page.spyOnEvent('ionFocus');
+
+      // Test focus with keyboard navigation
+      await pageUtils.pressKeys('Tab');
+
+      expect(ionFocus).toHaveReceivedEventTimes(1);
+
+      // Verify that the event target is the checkbox and not the item
+      const eventByKeyboard = ionFocus.events[0];
+      expect((eventByKeyboard.target as HTMLElement).tagName.toLowerCase()).toBe('ion-checkbox');
+
+      // Reset focus
+      const checkbox = page.locator('ion-checkbox');
+      const checkboxBoundingBox = (await checkbox.boundingBox())!;
+      await page.mouse.click(0, checkboxBoundingBox.height + 1);
+
+      // Test focus with click
+      const item = page.locator('ion-item');
+      await item.click();
+
+      expect(ionFocus).toHaveReceivedEventTimes(2);
+
+      // Verify that the event target is the checkbox and not the item
+      const eventByClick = ionFocus.events[0];
+      expect((eventByClick.target as HTMLElement).tagName.toLowerCase()).toBe('ion-checkbox');
+    });
+
+    test('should not fire when programmatically setting a value', async ({ page }) => {
+      await page.setContent(
+        `
+        <ion-checkbox aria-label="checkbox" value="my-checkbox"></ion-checkbox>
+      `,
+        config
+      );
+
+      const ionFocus = await page.spyOnEvent('ionFocus');
+      const checkbox = page.locator('ion-checkbox');
+
+      await checkbox.evaluate((el: HTMLIonCheckboxElement) => (el.checked = true));
+      expect(ionFocus).not.toHaveReceivedEvent();
+    });
+  });
+
+  test.describe(title('checkbox: ionBlur'), () => {
+    test('should fire ionBlur when checkbox is blurred', async ({ page, pageUtils }) => {
+      await page.setContent(
+        `
+        <ion-checkbox aria-label="checkbox" value="my-checkbox"></ion-checkbox>
+      `,
+        config
+      );
+
+      const ionBlur = await page.spyOnEvent('ionBlur');
+
+      // Test blur with keyboard navigation
+      // Focus the checkbox
+      await pageUtils.pressKeys('Tab');
+      // Blur the checkbox
+      await pageUtils.pressKeys('Tab');
+
+      expect(ionBlur).toHaveReceivedEventTimes(1);
+
+      // Test blur with click
+      const checkbox = page.locator('ion-checkbox');
+      // Focus the checkbox
+      await checkbox.click();
+      // Blur the checkbox by clicking outside of it
+      const checkboxBoundingBox = (await checkbox.boundingBox())!;
+      await page.mouse.click(0, checkboxBoundingBox.height + 1);
+
+      expect(ionBlur).toHaveReceivedEventTimes(2);
+    });
+
+    test('should fire ionBlur after interacting with checkbox in item', async ({ page, pageUtils }) => {
+      await page.setContent(
+        `
+        <ion-item>
+          <ion-checkbox aria-label="checkbox" value="my-checkbox"></ion-checkbox>
+        </ion-item>
+      `,
+        config
+      );
+
+      const ionBlur = await page.spyOnEvent('ionBlur');
+
+      // Test blur with keyboard navigation
+      // Focus the checkbox
+      await pageUtils.pressKeys('Tab');
+      // Blur the checkbox
+      await pageUtils.pressKeys('Tab');
+
+      expect(ionBlur).toHaveReceivedEventTimes(1);
+
+      // Verify that the event target is the checkbox and not the item
+      const event = ionBlur.events[0];
+      expect((event.target as HTMLElement).tagName.toLowerCase()).toBe('ion-checkbox');
+
+      // Test blur with click
+      const item = page.locator('ion-item');
+      await item.click();
+      // Blur the checkbox by clicking outside of it
+      const itemBoundingBox = (await item.boundingBox())!;
+      await page.mouse.click(0, itemBoundingBox.height + 1);
+
+      expect(ionBlur).toHaveReceivedEventTimes(2);
+
+      // Verify that the event target is the checkbox and not the item
+      const eventByClick = ionBlur.events[0];
+      expect((eventByClick.target as HTMLElement).tagName.toLowerCase()).toBe('ion-checkbox');
+    });
+  });
 });

core/src/components/checkbox/test/basic/index.html

@@ -50,6 +50,20 @@
         <ion-checkbox checked style="width: 200px">Specified width</ion-checkbox><br />
         <ion-checkbox checked style="width: 100%">Full-width</ion-checkbox><br />
       </ion-content>
+
+      <script>
+        document.addEventListener('ionBlur', (ev) => {
+          console.log('ionBlur', ev);
+        });
+
+        document.addEventListener('ionChange', (ev) => {
+          console.log('ionChange', ev);
+        });
+
+        document.addEventListener('ionFocus', (ev) => {
+          console.log('ionFocus', ev);
+        });
+      </script>
     </ion-app>
   </body>
 </html>

core/src/components/checkbox/test/item/index.html

@@ -246,6 +246,20 @@
           </div>
         </div>
       </ion-content>
+
+      <script>
+        document.addEventListener('ionBlur', (ev) => {
+          console.log('ionBlur', ev);
+        });
+
+        document.addEventListener('ionChange', (ev) => {
+          console.log('ionChange', ev);
+        });
+
+        document.addEventListener('ionFocus', (ev) => {
+          console.log('ionFocus', ev);
+        });
+      </script>
     </ion-app>
   </body>
 </html>

core/src/components/checkbox/test/validation/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <title>Checkbox - Validation</title>
+    <meta
+      name="viewport"
+      content="viewport-fit=cover, width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no"
+    />
+    <link href="../../../../../css/ionic.bundle.css" rel="stylesheet" />
+    <link href="../../../../../scripts/testing/styles.css" rel="stylesheet" />
+    <script src="../../../../../scripts/testing/scripts.js"></script>
+    <script nomodule src="../../../../../dist/ionic/ionic.js"></script>
+    <script type="module" src="../../../../../dist/ionic/ionic.esm.js"></script>
+    <style>
+      .grid {
+        display: grid;
+        grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(250px, 1fr));
+        grid-row-gap: 30px;
+        grid-column-gap: 30px;
+      }
+
+      h2 {
+        font-size: 12px;
+        font-weight: normal;
+
+        color: var(--ion-color-step-600);
+
+        margin-top: 10px;
+        margin-bottom: 5px;
+      }
+
+      .validation-info {
+        margin: 20px;
+        padding: 10px;
+        background: var(--ion-color-light);
+        border-radius: 4px;
+      }
+    </style>
+  </head>
+
+  <body>
+    <ion-app>
+      <ion-header>
+        <ion-toolbar>
+          <ion-title>Checkbox - Validation Test</ion-title>
+        </ion-toolbar>
+      </ion-header>
+
+      <ion-content class="ion-padding">
+        <div class="validation-info">
+          <h2>Screen Reader Testing Instructions:</h2>
+          <ol>
+            <li>Enable your screen reader (VoiceOver, NVDA, JAWS, etc.)</li>
+            <li>Tab through the form fields</li>
+            <li>When you tab away from an empty required field, the error should be announced immediately</li>
+            <li>The error text should be announced BEFORE the next field is announced</li>
+            <li>Test in Chrome, Safari, and Firefox to verify consistent behavior</li>
+          </ol>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="grid">
+          <div>
+            <h2>Required Field</h2>
+            <ion-checkbox
+              id="terms-checkbox"
+              helper-text="You must agree to continue"
+              error-text="Please accept the terms and conditions"
+              required
+              >I agree to the terms and conditions</ion-checkbox
+            >
+          </div>
+
+          <div>
+            <h2>Optional Field (No Validation)</h2>
+            <ion-checkbox id="optional-checkbox" helper-text="You can skip this field">Optional Checkbox</ion-checkbox>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="ion-padding">
+          <ion-button id="submit-btn" expand="block" disabled>Submit Form</ion-button>
+          <ion-button id="reset-btn" expand="block" fill="outline">Reset Form</ion-button>
+        </div>
+      </ion-content>
+    </ion-app>
+
+    <script>
+      // Simple validation logic
+      const checkboxes = document.querySelectorAll('ion-checkbox');
+      const submitBtn = document.getElementById('submit-btn');
+      const resetBtn = document.getElementById('reset-btn');
+
+      // Track which fields have been touched
+      const touchedFields = new Set();
+
+      // Validation functions
+      const validators = {
+        'terms-checkbox': (checked) => {
+          return checked === true;
+        },
+        'optional-checkbox': () => true, // Always valid
+      };
+
+      function validateField(checkbox) {
+        const checkboxId = checkbox.id;
+        const checked = checkbox.checked;
+        const isValid = validators[checkboxId] ? validators[checkboxId](checked) : true;
+
+        // Only show validation state if field has been touched
+        if (touchedFields.has(checkboxId)) {
+          if (isValid) {
+            checkbox.classList.remove('ion-invalid');
+            checkbox.classList.add('ion-valid');
+          } else {
+            checkbox.classList.remove('ion-valid');
+            checkbox.classList.add('ion-invalid');
+          }
+          checkbox.classList.add('ion-touched');
+        }
+
+        return isValid;
+      }
+
+      function validateForm() {
+        let allValid = true;
+        checkboxes.forEach((checkbox) => {
+          if (checkbox.id !== 'optional-checkbox') {
+            const isValid = validateField(checkbox);
+            if (!isValid) {
+              allValid = false;
+            }
+          }
+        });
+        submitBtn.disabled = !allValid;
+        return allValid;
+      }
+
+      // Add event listeners
+      checkboxes.forEach((checkbox) => {
+        // Mark as touched on blur
+        checkbox.addEventListener('ionBlur', (e) => {
+          console.log('Blur event on:', checkbox.id);
+          touchedFields.add(checkbox.id);
+          validateField(checkbox);
+          validateForm();
+
+          const isInvalid = checkbox.classList.contains('ion-invalid');
+          if (isInvalid) {
+            console.log('Field marked invalid:', checkbox.innerText, checkbox.errorText);
+          }
+        });
+
+        // Validate on change
+        checkbox.addEventListener('ionChange', (e) => {
+          console.log('Change event on:', checkbox.id);
+          if (touchedFields.has(checkbox.id)) {
+            validateField(checkbox);
+            validateForm();
+          }
+        });
+      });
+
+      // Reset button
+      resetBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
+        checkboxes.forEach((checkbox) => {
+          checkbox.checked = false;
+          checkbox.classList.remove('ion-valid', 'ion-invalid', 'ion-touched');
+        });
+        touchedFields.clear();
+        submitBtn.disabled = true;
+      });
+
+      // Submit button
+      submitBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
+        if (validateForm()) {
+          alert('Form submitted successfully!');
+        }
+      });
+
+      // Initial setup
+      validateForm();
+    </script>
+  </body>
+</html>

core/src/components/content/content.tsx

@@ -254,6 +254,17 @@ export class Content implements ComponentInterface {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Recalculate content dimensions. Called by overlays (e.g., popover) when
+   * sibling elements like headers or footers have finished rendering and their
+   * heights are available, ensuring accurate offset-top calculations.
+   * @internal
+   */
+  @Method()
+  async recalculateDimensions(): Promise<void> {
+    readTask(() => this.readDimensions());
+  }
+
   private readDimensions() {
     const page = getPageElement(this.el);
     const top = Math.max(this.el.offsetTop, 0);

core/src/components/datetime-button/test/overlays/datetime-button.e2e.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import { expect } from '@playwright/test';
 import type { Locator } from '@playwright/test';
-import { configs, test } from '@utils/test/playwright';
+import { expect } from '@playwright/test';
 import type { EventSpy } from '@utils/test/playwright';
+import { configs, test } from '@utils/test/playwright';
 
 /**
  * This behavior does not vary across directions.
@@ -176,5 +176,34 @@ configs({ modes: ['md'], directions: ['ltr'] }).forEach(({ title, config }) => {
       await ionModalDidPresent.next();
       await expect(datetime).toBeVisible();
     });
+    test('should set datetime ready state and keep calendar interactive when reopening modal', async ({
+      page,
+    }, testInfo) => {
+      testInfo.annotations.push({
+        type: 'issue',
+        description: 'https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30706',
+      });
+
+      const openAndInteract = async () => {
+        await page.click('#date-button');
+        await ionModalDidPresent.next();
+
+        await page.locator('ion-datetime.datetime-ready').waitFor();
+
+        const calendarBody = datetime.locator('.calendar-body');
+        await expect(calendarBody).toBeVisible();
+      };
+
+      await openAndInteract();
+
+      const firstEnabledDay = datetime.locator('.calendar-day:not([disabled])').first();
+      await firstEnabledDay.click();
+      await page.waitForChanges();
+
+      await modal.evaluate((el: HTMLIonModalElement) => el.dismiss());
+      await ionModalDidDismiss.next();
+
+      await openAndInteract();
+    });
   });
 });

core/src/components/datetime/datetime.tsx

@@ -1101,6 +1101,32 @@ export class Datetime implements ComponentInterface {
     this.initializeKeyboardListeners();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * TODO(FW-6931): Remove this fallback upon solving the root cause
+   * Fallback to ensure the datetime becomes ready even if
+   * IntersectionObserver never reports it as intersecting.
+   *
+   * This is primarily used in environments where the observer
+   * might not fire as expected, such as when running under
+   * synthetic tests that stub IntersectionObserver.
+   */
+  private ensureReadyIfVisible = () => {
+    if (this.el.classList.contains('datetime-ready')) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const rect = this.el.getBoundingClientRect();
+    if (rect.width === 0 || rect.height === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.initializeListeners();
+
+    writeTask(() => {
+      this.el.classList.add('datetime-ready');
+    });
+  };
+
   componentDidLoad() {
     const { el, intersectionTrackerRef } = this;
 
@@ -1141,6 +1167,18 @@ export class Datetime implements ComponentInterface {
      */
     raf(() => visibleIO?.observe(intersectionTrackerRef!));
 
+    /**
+     * TODO(FW-6931): Remove this fallback upon solving the root cause
+     * Fallback: If IntersectionObserver never reports that the
+     * datetime is visible but the host clearly has layout, ensure
+     * we still initialize listeners and mark the component as ready.
+     *
+     * We schedule this after everything has had a chance to run.
+     */
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      this.ensureReadyIfVisible();
+    }, 100);
+
     /**
      * We need to clean up listeners when the datetime is hidden
      * in a popover/modal so that we can properly scroll containers

core/src/components/datetime/test/basic/datetime.e2e.ts

@@ -394,6 +394,61 @@ configs({ modes: ['ios'], directions: ['ltr'] }).forEach(({ title, config }) =>
   });
 });
 
+/**
+ * Synthetic IntersectionObserver fallback behavior.
+ *
+ * This test stubs IntersectionObserver so that the callback
+ * never reports an intersecting entry. The datetime should
+ * still become ready via its internal fallback logic.
+ */
+configs({ modes: ['md'], directions: ['ltr'] }).forEach(({ title, config }) => {
+  test.describe(title('datetime: IO fallback'), () => {
+    test('should become ready even if IntersectionObserver never reports visible', async ({ page }, testInfo) => {
+      testInfo.annotations.push({
+        type: 'issue',
+        description: 'https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30706',
+      });
+
+      await page.addInitScript(() => {
+        const OriginalIO = window.IntersectionObserver;
+        (window as any).IntersectionObserver = function (callback: any, options: any) {
+          const instance = new OriginalIO(() => {}, options);
+          const originalObserve = instance.observe.bind(instance);
+
+          instance.observe = (target: Element) => {
+            originalObserve(target);
+            callback([
+              {
+                isIntersecting: false,
+                target,
+              } as IntersectionObserverEntry,
+            ]);
+          };
+
+          return instance;
+        } as any;
+      });
+
+      await page.setContent(
+        `
+        <ion-datetime value="2022-05-03"></ion-datetime>
+      `,
+        config
+      );
+
+      const datetime = page.locator('ion-datetime');
+
+      // Give the fallback a short amount of time to run
+      await page.waitForTimeout(100);
+
+      await expect(datetime).toHaveClass(/datetime-ready/);
+
+      const calendarBody = datetime.locator('.calendar-body');
+      await expect(calendarBody).toBeVisible();
+    });
+  });
+});
+
 /**
  * We are setting RTL on the component
  * instead, so we don't need to test

core/src/components/header/header.ios.scss

@@ -39,6 +39,15 @@
   --opacity-scale: inherit;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Override styles applied during the page transition to prevent
+ * header flickering.
+ */
+.header-collapse-fade.header-transitioning ion-toolbar {
+  --background: transparent;
+  --border-style: none;
+}
+
 // iOS Header - Collapse Condense
 // --------------------------------------------------
 .header-collapse-condense {
@@ -65,8 +74,6 @@
  * since it needs to blend in with the header above it.
  */
 .header-collapse-condense ion-toolbar {
-  --background: var(--ion-background-color, #fff);
-
   z-index: 0;
 }
 
@@ -93,6 +100,28 @@
   transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Large title toolbar should just use the content background
+ * since it needs to blend in with the header above it.
+ */
+.header-collapse-condense ion-toolbar,
+/**
+ * Override styles applied during the page transition to prevent
+ * header flickering.
+ */
+.header-collapse-condense-inactive.header-transitioning:not(.header-collapse-condense) ion-toolbar {
+  --background: var(--ion-background-color, #fff);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Override styles applied during the page transition to prevent
+ * header flickering.
+ */
+.header-collapse-condense-inactive.header-transitioning:not(.header-collapse-condense) ion-toolbar {
+  --border-style: none;
+  --opacity-scale: 1;
+}
+
 .header-collapse-condense-inactive:not(.header-collapse-condense) ion-toolbar.in-toolbar ion-title,
 .header-collapse-condense-inactive:not(.header-collapse-condense) ion-toolbar.in-toolbar ion-buttons.buttons-collapse {
   opacity: 0;

core/src/components/header/header.tsx

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import {
   handleToolbarIntersection,
   setHeaderActive,
   setToolbarBackgroundOpacity,
+  getRoleType,
 } from './header.utils';
 
 /**
@@ -208,9 +209,10 @@ export class Header implements ComponentInterface {
     const { translucent, inheritedAttributes } = this;
     const mode = getIonMode(this);
     const collapse = this.collapse || 'none';
+    const isCondensed = collapse === 'condense';
 
     // banner role must be at top level, so remove role if inside a menu
-    const roleType = hostContext('ion-menu', this.el) ? 'none' : 'banner';
+    const roleType = getRoleType(hostContext('ion-menu', this.el), isCondensed, mode);
 
     return (
       <Host

core/src/components/header/header.utils.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import { readTask, writeTask } from '@stencil/core';
 import { clamp } from '@utils/helpers';
 
 const TRANSITION = 'all 0.2s ease-in-out';
+const ROLE_NONE = 'none';
+const ROLE_BANNER = 'banner';
 
 interface HeaderIndex {
   el: HTMLIonHeaderElement;
@@ -171,6 +173,7 @@ export const setHeaderActive = (headerIndex: HeaderIndex, active = true) => {
   const ionTitles = toolbars.map((toolbar) => toolbar.ionTitleEl);
 
   if (active) {
+    headerEl.setAttribute('role', ROLE_BANNER);
     headerEl.classList.remove('header-collapse-condense-inactive');
 
     ionTitles.forEach((ionTitle) => {
@@ -179,6 +182,16 @@ export const setHeaderActive = (headerIndex: HeaderIndex, active = true) => {
       }
     });
   } else {
+    /**
+     * There can only be one banner landmark per page.
+     * By default, all ion-headers have the banner role.
+     * This causes an accessibility issue when using a
+     * condensed header since there are two ion-headers
+     * on the page at once (active and inactive).
+     * To solve this, the role needs to be toggled
+     * based on which header is active.
+     */
+    headerEl.setAttribute('role', ROLE_NONE);
     headerEl.classList.add('header-collapse-condense-inactive');
 
     /**
@@ -244,3 +257,28 @@ export const handleHeaderFade = (scrollEl: HTMLElement, baseEl: HTMLElement, con
     });
   });
 };
+
+/**
+ * Get the role type for the ion-header.
+ *
+ * @param isInsideMenu If ion-header is inside ion-menu.
+ * @param isCondensed If ion-header has collapse="condense".
+ * @param mode The current mode.
+ * @returns 'none' if inside ion-menu or if condensed in md
+ * mode, otherwise 'banner'.
+ */
+export const getRoleType = (isInsideMenu: boolean, isCondensed: boolean, mode: 'ios' | 'md') => {
+  // If the header is inside a menu, it should not have the banner role.
+  if (isInsideMenu) {
+    return ROLE_NONE;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Only apply role="none" to `md` mode condensed headers
+   * since the large header is never shown.
+   */
+  if (isCondensed && mode === 'md') {
+    return ROLE_NONE;
+  }
+  // Default to banner role.
+  return ROLE_BANNER;
+};

core/src/components/header/test/condense/header.e2e.ts

@@ -40,5 +40,45 @@ configs({ modes: ['ios'], directions: ['ltr'] }).forEach(({ title, screenshot, c
 
       await expect(smallTitle).toHaveAttribute('aria-hidden', 'true');
     });
+
+    test('should only have the banner role on the active header', async ({ page }) => {
+      await page.goto('/src/components/header/test/condense', config);
+      const largeTitleHeader = page.locator('#largeTitleHeader');
+      const smallTitleHeader = page.locator('#smallTitleHeader');
+      const content = page.locator('ion-content');
+
+      await expect(largeTitleHeader).toHaveAttribute('role', 'banner');
+      await expect(smallTitleHeader).toHaveAttribute('role', 'none');
+
+      await content.evaluate(async (el: HTMLIonContentElement) => {
+        await el.scrollToBottom();
+      });
+      await page.locator('#largeTitleHeader.header-collapse-condense-inactive').waitFor();
+
+      await expect(largeTitleHeader).toHaveAttribute('role', 'none');
+      await expect(smallTitleHeader).toHaveAttribute('role', 'banner');
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+configs({ modes: ['md'], directions: ['ltr'] }).forEach(({ title, config }) => {
+  test.describe(title('header: condense'), () => {
+    test('should only have the banner role on the small header', async ({ page }) => {
+      await page.goto('/src/components/header/test/condense', config);
+      const largeTitleHeader = page.locator('#largeTitleHeader');
+      const smallTitleHeader = page.locator('#smallTitleHeader');
+      const content = page.locator('ion-content');
+
+      await expect(smallTitleHeader).toHaveAttribute('role', 'banner');
+      await expect(largeTitleHeader).toHaveAttribute('role', 'none');
+
+      await content.evaluate(async (el: HTMLIonContentElement) => {
+        await el.scrollToBottom();
+      });
+      await page.waitForChanges();
+
+      await expect(smallTitleHeader).toHaveAttribute('role', 'banner');
+      await expect(largeTitleHeader).toHaveAttribute('role', 'none');
+    });
   });
 });

core/src/components/input/input.tsx

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import {
   h,
 } from '@stencil/core';
 import type { NotchController } from '@utils/forms';
-import { createNotchController } from '@utils/forms';
+import { createNotchController, checkInvalidState } from '@utils/forms';
 import type { Attributes } from '@utils/helpers';
 import { inheritAriaAttributes, debounceEvent, inheritAttributes, componentOnReady } from '@utils/helpers';
 import { createSlotMutationController } from '@utils/slot-mutation-controller';
@@ -403,16 +403,6 @@ export class Input implements ComponentInterface {
     };
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Checks if the input is in an invalid state based on Ionic validation classes
-   */
-  private checkInvalidState(): boolean {
-    const hasIonTouched = this.el.classList.contains('ion-touched');
-    const hasIonInvalid = this.el.classList.contains('ion-invalid');
-
-    return hasIonTouched && hasIonInvalid;
-  }
-
   connectedCallback() {
     const { el } = this;
 
@@ -426,7 +416,7 @@ export class Input implements ComponentInterface {
     // Watch for class changes to update validation state
     if (Build.isBrowser && typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined') {
       this.validationObserver = new MutationObserver(() => {
-        const newIsInvalid = this.checkInvalidState();
+        const newIsInvalid = checkInvalidState(el);
         if (this.isInvalid !== newIsInvalid) {
           this.isInvalid = newIsInvalid;
           // Force a re-render to update aria-describedby immediately
@@ -441,7 +431,7 @@ export class Input implements ComponentInterface {
     }
 
     // Always set initial state
-    this.isInvalid = this.checkInvalidState();
+    this.isInvalid = checkInvalidState(el);
 
     this.debounceChanged();
     if (Build.isBrowser) {

core/src/components/modal/gestures/sheet.ts

@@ -98,11 +98,7 @@ export const createSheetGesture = (
     // Respect explicit opt-out of focus trapping/backdrop interactions
     // If focusTrap is false or showBackdrop is false, do not enable the backdrop or re-enable focus trap
     const el = baseEl as HTMLIonModalElement & { focusTrap?: boolean; showBackdrop?: boolean };
-    const focusTrapAttr = el.getAttribute?.('focus-trap');
-    const showBackdropAttr = el.getAttribute?.('show-backdrop');
-    const focusTrapDisabled = el.focusTrap === false || focusTrapAttr === 'false';
-    const backdropDisabled = el.showBackdrop === false || showBackdropAttr === 'false';
-    if (focusTrapDisabled || backdropDisabled) {
+    if (el.focusTrap === false || el.showBackdrop === false) {
       return;
     }
     baseEl.style.setProperty('pointer-events', 'auto');
@@ -245,12 +241,10 @@ export const createSheetGesture = (
      * ion-backdrop and .modal-wrapper always have pointer-events: auto
      * applied, so the modal content can still be interacted with.
      */
-    const modalEl = baseEl as HTMLIonModalElement & { focusTrap?: boolean; showBackdrop?: boolean };
-    const focusTrapAttr = modalEl.getAttribute?.('focus-trap');
-    const showBackdropAttr = modalEl.getAttribute?.('show-backdrop');
-    const focusTrapDisabled = modalEl.focusTrap === false || focusTrapAttr === 'false';
-    const backdropDisabled = modalEl.showBackdrop === false || showBackdropAttr === 'false';
-    const shouldEnableBackdrop = currentBreakpoint > backdropBreakpoint && !focusTrapDisabled && !backdropDisabled;
+    const shouldEnableBackdrop =
+      currentBreakpoint > backdropBreakpoint &&
+      (baseEl as HTMLIonModalElement & { focusTrap?: boolean }).focusTrap !== false &&
+      (baseEl as HTMLIonModalElement & { showBackdrop?: boolean }).showBackdrop !== false;
     if (shouldEnableBackdrop) {
       enableBackdrop();
     } else {
@@ -597,16 +591,10 @@ export const createSheetGesture = (
                    * Backdrop should become enabled
                    * after the backdropBreakpoint value
                    */
-                  const modalEl = baseEl as HTMLIonModalElement & {
-                    focusTrap?: boolean;
-                    showBackdrop?: boolean;
-                  };
-                  const focusTrapAttr = modalEl.getAttribute?.('focus-trap');
-                  const showBackdropAttr = modalEl.getAttribute?.('show-backdrop');
-                  const focusTrapDisabled = modalEl.focusTrap === false || focusTrapAttr === 'false';
-                  const backdropDisabled = modalEl.showBackdrop === false || showBackdropAttr === 'false';
                   const shouldEnableBackdrop =
-                    currentBreakpoint > backdropBreakpoint && !focusTrapDisabled && !backdropDisabled;
+                    currentBreakpoint > backdropBreakpoint &&
+                    (baseEl as HTMLIonModalElement & { focusTrap?: boolean }).focusTrap !== false &&
+                    (baseEl as HTMLIonModalElement & { showBackdrop?: boolean }).showBackdrop !== false;
                   if (shouldEnableBackdrop) {
                     enableBackdrop();
                   } else {

core/src/components/modal/modal.tsx

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ export class Modal implements ComponentInterface, OverlayInterface {
   private gesture?: Gesture;
   private coreDelegate: FrameworkDelegate = CoreDelegate();
   private sheetTransition?: Promise<any>;
-  private isSheetModal = false;
+  @State() private isSheetModal = false;
   private currentBreakpoint?: number;
   private wrapperEl?: HTMLElement;
   private backdropEl?: HTMLIonBackdropElement;
@@ -100,6 +100,8 @@ export class Modal implements ComponentInterface, OverlayInterface {
   private parentRemovalObserver?: MutationObserver;
   // Cached original parent from before modal is moved to body during presentation
   private cachedOriginalParent?: HTMLElement;
+  // Cached ion-page ancestor for child route passthrough
+  private cachedPageParent?: HTMLElement | null;
 
   lastFocus?: HTMLElement;
   animation?: Animation;
@@ -644,7 +646,14 @@ export class Modal implements ComponentInterface, OverlayInterface {
       window.addEventListener(KEYBOARD_DID_OPEN, this.keyboardOpenCallback);
     }
 
-    if (this.isSheetModal) {
+    /**
+     * Recalculate isSheetModal because framework bindings (e.g., Angular)
+     * may not have been applied when componentWillLoad ran.
+     */
+    const isSheetModal = this.breakpoints !== undefined && this.initialBreakpoint !== undefined;
+    this.isSheetModal = isSheetModal;
+
+    if (isSheetModal) {
       this.initSheetGesture();
     } else if (hasCardModal) {
       this.initSwipeToClose();
@@ -753,6 +762,91 @@ export class Modal implements ComponentInterface, OverlayInterface {
     this.moveSheetToBreakpoint = moveSheetToBreakpoint;
 
     this.gesture.enable(true);
+
+    /**
+     * When backdrop interaction is allowed, nested router outlets from child routes
+     * may block pointer events to parent content. Apply passthrough styles only when
+     * the modal was the sole content of a child route page.
+     * See https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30700
+     */
+    const backdropNotBlocking = this.showBackdrop === false || this.focusTrap === false || backdropBreakpoint > 0;
+    if (backdropNotBlocking) {
+      this.setupChildRoutePassthrough();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * For sheet modals that allow background interaction, sets up pointer-events
+   * passthrough on child route page wrappers and nested router outlets.
+   */
+  private setupChildRoutePassthrough() {
+    // Cache the page parent for cleanup
+    this.cachedPageParent = this.getOriginalPageParent();
+    const pageParent = this.cachedPageParent;
+
+    // Skip ion-app (controller modals) and pages with visible sibling content next to the modal
+    if (!pageParent || pageParent.tagName === 'ION-APP') {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const hasVisibleContent = Array.from(pageParent.children).some(
+      (child) =>
+        child !== this.el &&
+        !(child instanceof HTMLElement && window.getComputedStyle(child).display === 'none') &&
+        child.tagName !== 'TEMPLATE' &&
+        child.tagName !== 'SLOT' &&
+        !(child.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE && !child.textContent?.trim())
+    );
+
+    if (hasVisibleContent) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Child route case: page only contained the modal
+    pageParent.classList.add('ion-page-overlay-passthrough');
+
+    // Also make nested router outlets passthrough
+    const routerOutlet = pageParent.parentElement;
+    if (routerOutlet?.tagName === 'ION-ROUTER-OUTLET' && routerOutlet.parentElement?.tagName !== 'ION-APP') {
+      routerOutlet.style.setProperty('pointer-events', 'none');
+      routerOutlet.setAttribute('data-overlay-passthrough', 'true');
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Finds the ion-page ancestor of the modal's original parent location.
+   */
+  private getOriginalPageParent(): HTMLElement | null {
+    if (!this.cachedOriginalParent) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    let pageParent: HTMLElement | null = this.cachedOriginalParent;
+    while (pageParent && !pageParent.classList.contains('ion-page')) {
+      pageParent = pageParent.parentElement;
+    }
+    return pageParent;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Removes passthrough styles added by setupChildRoutePassthrough.
+   */
+  private cleanupChildRoutePassthrough() {
+    const pageParent = this.cachedPageParent;
+    if (!pageParent) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    pageParent.classList.remove('ion-page-overlay-passthrough');
+
+    const routerOutlet = pageParent.parentElement;
+    if (routerOutlet?.hasAttribute('data-overlay-passthrough')) {
+      routerOutlet.style.removeProperty('pointer-events');
+      routerOutlet.removeAttribute('data-overlay-passthrough');
+    }
+
+    // Clear the cached reference
+    this.cachedPageParent = undefined;
   }
 
   private sheetOnDismiss() {
@@ -862,6 +956,8 @@ export class Modal implements ComponentInterface, OverlayInterface {
       }
       this.cleanupViewTransitionListener();
       this.cleanupParentRemovalObserver();
+
+      this.cleanupChildRoutePassthrough();
     }
     this.currentBreakpoint = undefined;
     this.animation = undefined;
@@ -1183,6 +1279,20 @@ export class Modal implements ComponentInterface, OverlayInterface {
       return;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Don't observe for controller-based modals or when the parent is the
+     * app root (document.body or ion-app). These parents won't be removed,
+     * and observing document.body with subtree: true causes performance
+     * issues with frameworks like Angular during change detection.
+     */
+    if (
+      this.hasController ||
+      this.cachedOriginalParent === document.body ||
+      this.cachedOriginalParent.tagName === 'ION-APP'
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+
     this.parentRemovalObserver = new MutationObserver((mutations) => {
       mutations.forEach((mutation) => {
         if (mutation.type === 'childList' && mutation.removedNodes.length > 0) {
@@ -1237,7 +1347,6 @@ export class Modal implements ComponentInterface, OverlayInterface {
     const isHandleCycle = handleBehavior === 'cycle';
     const isSheetModalWithHandle = isSheetModal && showHandle;
 
-    const focusTrapAttr = this.el.getAttribute('focus-trap');
     return (
       <Host
         no-router
@@ -1254,7 +1363,7 @@ export class Modal implements ComponentInterface, OverlayInterface {
           [`modal-sheet`]: isSheetModal,
           [`modal-no-expand-scroll`]: isSheetModal && !expandToScroll,
           'overlay-hidden': true,
-          [FOCUS_TRAP_DISABLE_CLASS]: focusTrap === false || focusTrapAttr === 'false',
+          [FOCUS_TRAP_DISABLE_CLASS]: focusTrap === false,
           ...getClassMap(this.cssClass),
         }}
         onIonBackdropTap={this.onBackdropTap}

core/src/components/modal/test/basic/modal.e2e.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { expect } from '@playwright/test';
-import { configs, test, Viewports } from '@utils/test/playwright';
 import type { E2EPage } from '@utils/test/playwright';
+import { configs, test, Viewports } from '@utils/test/playwright';
 
 configs({ modes: ['ios'], directions: ['ltr'] }).forEach(({ title, config }) => {
   test.describe(title('modal: focus trapping'), () => {
@@ -104,6 +104,28 @@ configs().forEach(({ title, screenshot, config }) => {
 });
 
 configs({ modes: ['ios'], directions: ['ltr'] }).forEach(({ title, config }) => {
+  test.describe(title('modal: parent removal observer'), () => {
+    test('should not set up parentRemovalObserver for controller-created modals', async ({ page }, testInfo) => {
+      testInfo.annotations.push({
+        type: 'issue',
+        description: 'FW-6766',
+      });
+
+      await page.goto('/src/components/modal/test/basic', config);
+      const ionModalDidPresent = await page.spyOnEvent('ionModalDidPresent');
+
+      await page.click('#basic-modal');
+      await ionModalDidPresent.next();
+
+      const modal = page.locator('ion-modal');
+      const hasObserver = await modal.evaluate((el: any) => {
+        return el.parentRemovalObserver !== undefined;
+      });
+
+      expect(hasObserver).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
   test.describe(title('modal: backdrop'), () => {
     test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
       await page.goto('/src/components/modal/test/basic', config);

core/src/components/modal/test/basic/modal.spec.tsx

@@ -28,18 +28,6 @@ describe('modal: focus trap', () => {
 
     expect(modal.classList.contains(FOCUS_TRAP_DISABLE_CLASS)).toBe(true);
   });
-  it('should set the focus trap class when disabled via attribute string', async () => {
-    const page = await newSpecPage({
-      components: [Modal],
-      html: `
-        <ion-modal focus-trap="false"></ion-modal>
-      `,
-    });
-
-    const modal = page.body.querySelector('ion-modal')!;
-
-    expect(modal.classList.contains(FOCUS_TRAP_DISABLE_CLASS)).toBe(true);
-  });
   it('should not set the focus trap class by default', async () => {
     const page = await newSpecPage({
       components: [Modal],

core/src/components/popover/popover.tsx

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ export class Popover implements ComponentInterface, PopoverInterface {
   private destroyTriggerInteraction?: () => void;
   private destroyKeyboardInteraction?: () => void;
   private destroyDismissInteraction?: () => void;
+  private headerResizeObserver?: ResizeObserver;
 
   private inline = false;
   private workingDelegate?: FrameworkDelegate;
@@ -361,6 +362,11 @@ export class Popover implements ComponentInterface, PopoverInterface {
     if (destroyTriggerInteraction) {
       destroyTriggerInteraction();
     }
+
+    if (this.headerResizeObserver) {
+      this.headerResizeObserver.disconnect();
+      this.headerResizeObserver = undefined;
+    }
   }
 
   componentWillLoad() {
@@ -491,6 +497,8 @@ export class Popover implements ComponentInterface, PopoverInterface {
       inline
     );
 
+    this.recalculateContentOnHeaderReady();
+
     if (!this.keyboardEvents) {
       this.configureKeyboardInteraction();
     }
@@ -540,6 +548,39 @@ export class Popover implements ComponentInterface, PopoverInterface {
     unlock();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Watch the header for height changes and trigger content dimension
+   * recalculation when the header has a height > 0. This sets the offset-top
+   * of the content to the height of the header correctly.
+   */
+  private recalculateContentOnHeaderReady() {
+    const popoverContent = this.el.shadowRoot?.querySelector('.popover-content');
+    if (!popoverContent) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const contentContainer = this.usersElement || popoverContent;
+
+    const header = contentContainer.querySelector('ion-header') as HTMLElement | null;
+    const contentElements = contentContainer.querySelectorAll('ion-content');
+
+    if (!header || contentElements.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.headerResizeObserver = new ResizeObserver(async () => {
+      if (header.offsetHeight > 0) {
+        this.headerResizeObserver?.disconnect();
+        this.headerResizeObserver = undefined;
+        for (const contentEl of contentElements) {
+          await contentEl.recalculateDimensions();
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    this.headerResizeObserver.observe(header);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Dismiss the popover overlay after it has been presented.
    * This is a no-op if the overlay has not been presented yet. If you want
@@ -687,7 +728,6 @@ export class Popover implements ComponentInterface, PopoverInterface {
     const { onLifecycle, parentPopover, dismissOnSelect, side, arrow, htmlAttributes, focusTrap } = this;
     const desktop = isPlatform('desktop');
     const enableArrow = arrow && !parentPopover;
-    const focusTrapAttr = this.el.getAttribute('focus-trap');
 
     return (
       <Host
@@ -705,7 +745,7 @@ export class Popover implements ComponentInterface, PopoverInterface {
           'overlay-hidden': true,
           'popover-desktop': desktop,
           [`popover-side-${side}`]: true,
-          [FOCUS_TRAP_DISABLE_CLASS]: focusTrap === false || focusTrapAttr === 'false',
+          [FOCUS_TRAP_DISABLE_CLASS]: focusTrap === false,
           'popover-nested': !!parentPopover,
         }}
         onIonPopoverDidPresent={onLifecycle}

core/src/components/popover/test/basic/popover.spec.tsx

@@ -29,18 +29,6 @@ describe('popover: focus trap', () => {
 
     expect(popover.classList.contains(FOCUS_TRAP_DISABLE_CLASS)).toBe(true);
   });
-  it('should set the focus trap class when disabled via attribute string', async () => {
-    const page = await newSpecPage({
-      components: [Popover],
-      html: `
-        <ion-popover focus-trap="false"></ion-popover>
-      `,
-    });
-
-    const popover = page.body.querySelector('ion-popover')!;
-
-    expect(popover.classList.contains(FOCUS_TRAP_DISABLE_CLASS)).toBe(true);
-  });
   it('should not set the focus trap class by default', async () => {
     const page = await newSpecPage({
       components: [Popover],

core/src/components/radio-group/radio-group.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type { ComponentInterface, EventEmitter } from '@stencil/core';
-import { Component, Element, Event, Host, Listen, Method, Prop, Watch, h } from '@stencil/core';
+import { Build, Component, Element, Event, Host, Listen, Method, Prop, State, Watch, h } from '@stencil/core';
+import { checkInvalidState } from '@utils/forms';
 import { renderHiddenInput } from '@utils/helpers';
 
 import { getIonMode } from '../../global/ionic-global';
@@ -19,9 +20,17 @@ export class RadioGroup implements ComponentInterface {
   private errorTextId = `${this.inputId}-error-text`;
   private labelId = `${this.inputId}-lbl`;
   private label?: HTMLIonLabelElement | null;
+  private validationObserver?: MutationObserver;
 
   @Element() el!: HTMLElement;
 
+  /**
+   * Track validation state for proper aria-live announcements.
+   */
+  @State() isInvalid = false;
+
+  @State() private hintTextId?: string;
+
   /**
    * If `true`, the radios can be deselected.
    */
@@ -121,6 +130,57 @@ export class RadioGroup implements ComponentInterface {
         this.labelId = label.id = this.name + '-lbl';
       }
     }
+
+    // Watch for class changes to update validation state.
+    if (Build.isBrowser && typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined') {
+      this.validationObserver = new MutationObserver(() => {
+        const newIsInvalid = checkInvalidState(this.el);
+        if (this.isInvalid !== newIsInvalid) {
+          this.isInvalid = newIsInvalid;
+          /**
+           * Screen readers tend to announce changes
+           * to `aria-describedby` when the attribute
+           * is changed during a blur event for a
+           * native form control.
+           * However, the announcement can be spotty
+           * when using a non-native form control
+           * and `forceUpdate()`.
+           * This is due to `forceUpdate()` internally
+           * rescheduling the DOM update to a lower
+           * priority queue regardless if it's called
+           * inside a Promise or not, thus causing
+           * the screen reader to potentially miss the
+           * change.
+           * By using a State variable inside a Promise,
+           * it guarantees a re-render immediately at
+           * a higher priority.
+           */
+          Promise.resolve().then(() => {
+            this.hintTextId = this.getHintTextId();
+          });
+        }
+      });
+
+      this.validationObserver.observe(this.el, {
+        attributes: true,
+        attributeFilter: ['class'],
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Always set initial state
+    this.isInvalid = checkInvalidState(this.el);
+  }
+
+  componentWillLoad() {
+    this.hintTextId = this.getHintTextId();
+  }
+
+  disconnectedCallback() {
+    // Clean up validation observer to prevent memory leaks.
+    if (this.validationObserver) {
+      this.validationObserver.disconnect();
+      this.validationObserver = undefined;
+    }
   }
 
   private getRadios(): HTMLIonRadioElement[] {
@@ -244,7 +304,7 @@ export class RadioGroup implements ComponentInterface {
    * Renders the helper text or error text values
    */
   private renderHintText() {
-    const { helperText, errorText, helperTextId, errorTextId } = this;
+    const { helperText, errorText, helperTextId, errorTextId, isInvalid } = this;
 
     const hasHintText = !!helperText || !!errorText;
     if (!hasHintText) {
@@ -253,20 +313,20 @@ export class RadioGroup implements ComponentInterface {
 
     return (
       <div class="radio-group-top">
-        <div id={helperTextId} class="helper-text">
-          {helperText}
+        <div id={helperTextId} class="helper-text" aria-live="polite">
+          {!isInvalid ? helperText : null}
         </div>
-        <div id={errorTextId} class="error-text">
-          {errorText}
+        <div id={errorTextId} class="error-text" role="alert">
+          {isInvalid ? errorText : null}
         </div>
       </div>
     );
   }
 
-  private getHintTextID(): string | undefined {
-    const { el, helperText, errorText, helperTextId, errorTextId } = this;
+  private getHintTextId(): string | undefined {
+    const { helperText, errorText, helperTextId, errorTextId, isInvalid } = this;
 
-    if (el.classList.contains('ion-touched') && el.classList.contains('ion-invalid') && errorText) {
+    if (isInvalid && errorText) {
       return errorTextId;
     }
 
@@ -287,8 +347,8 @@ export class RadioGroup implements ComponentInterface {
       <Host
         role="radiogroup"
         aria-labelledby={label ? labelId : null}
-        aria-describedby={this.getHintTextID()}
-        aria-invalid={this.getHintTextID() === this.errorTextId}
+        aria-describedby={this.hintTextId}
+        aria-invalid={this.isInvalid ? 'true' : undefined}
         onClick={this.onClick}
         class={mode}
       >

core/src/components/radio-group/test/validation/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <title>Radio Group - Validation</title>
+    <meta
+      name="viewport"
+      content="viewport-fit=cover, width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no"
+    />
+    <link href="../../../../../css/ionic.bundle.css" rel="stylesheet" />
+    <link href="../../../../../scripts/testing/styles.css" rel="stylesheet" />
+    <script src="../../../../../scripts/testing/scripts.js"></script>
+    <script nomodule src="../../../../../dist/ionic/ionic.js"></script>
+    <script type="module" src="../../../../../dist/ionic/ionic.esm.js"></script>
+    <style>
+      .grid {
+        display: grid;
+        grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(250px, 1fr));
+        grid-row-gap: 30px;
+        grid-column-gap: 30px;
+      }
+
+      h2 {
+        font-size: 12px;
+        font-weight: normal;
+
+        color: var(--ion-color-step-600);
+
+        margin-top: 10px;
+        margin-bottom: 5px;
+      }
+
+      .validation-info {
+        margin: 20px;
+        padding: 10px;
+        background: var(--ion-color-light);
+        border-radius: 4px;
+      }
+    </style>
+  </head>
+
+  <body>
+    <ion-app>
+      <ion-header>
+        <ion-toolbar>
+          <ion-title>Radio Group - Validation Test</ion-title>
+        </ion-toolbar>
+      </ion-header>
+
+      <ion-content class="ion-padding">
+        <div class="validation-info">
+          <h2>Screen Reader Testing Instructions:</h2>
+          <ol>
+            <li>Enable your screen reader (VoiceOver, NVDA, JAWS, etc.)</li>
+            <li>Tab through the form fields</li>
+            <li>When you tab away from an empty required field, the error should be announced immediately</li>
+            <li>The error text should be announced BEFORE the next field is announced</li>
+            <li>Test in Chrome, Safari, and Firefox to verify consistent behavior</li>
+          </ol>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="grid">
+          <div>
+            <h2>Required Field</h2>
+            <ion-radio-group
+              id="fruits-radio-group"
+              helper-text="You must select one to continue"
+              error-text="Please select a fruit"
+              allow-empty-selection="true"
+              required
+            >
+              <ion-radio value="grapes">Grapes</ion-radio><br />
+              <ion-radio value="strawberries">Strawberries</ion-radio>
+            </ion-radio-group>
+          </div>
+
+          <div>
+            <h2>Optional Field (No Validation)</h2>
+            <ion-radio-group
+              id="optional-radio-group"
+              helper-text="You can skip this field"
+              allow-empty-selection="true"
+            >
+              <ion-radio value="cucumbers">Cucumbers</ion-radio><br />
+              <ion-radio value="tomatoes">Tomatoes</ion-radio>
+            </ion-radio-group>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="ion-padding">
+          <ion-button id="submit-btn" expand="block" disabled>Submit Form</ion-button>
+          <ion-button id="reset-btn" expand="block" fill="outline">Reset Form</ion-button>
+        </div>
+      </ion-content>
+    </ion-app>
+
+    <script>
+      // Simple validation logic
+      const radioGroups = document.querySelectorAll('ion-radio-group');
+      const submitBtn = document.getElementById('submit-btn');
+      const resetBtn = document.getElementById('reset-btn');
+
+      // Track which fields have been touched
+      const touchedFields = new Set();
+
+      // Validation functions
+      const validators = {
+        'fruits-radio-group': (value) => {
+          return value !== '' && value !== undefined;
+        },
+        'optional-radio-group': () => true, // Always valid
+      };
+
+      function validateField(radioGroup) {
+        const radioGroupId = radioGroup.id;
+        const value = radioGroup.value;
+        const isValid = validators[radioGroupId] ? validators[radioGroupId](value) : true;
+
+        // Only show validation state if field has been touched
+        if (touchedFields.has(radioGroupId)) {
+          if (isValid) {
+            radioGroup.classList.remove('ion-invalid');
+            radioGroup.classList.add('ion-valid');
+          } else {
+            radioGroup.classList.remove('ion-valid');
+            radioGroup.classList.add('ion-invalid');
+          }
+          radioGroup.classList.add('ion-touched');
+        }
+
+        return isValid;
+      }
+
+      function validateForm() {
+        let allValid = true;
+        radioGroups.forEach((radioGroup) => {
+          if (radioGroup.id !== 'optional-radio-group') {
+            const isValid = validateField(radioGroup);
+            if (!isValid) {
+              allValid = false;
+            }
+          }
+        });
+        submitBtn.disabled = !allValid;
+        return allValid;
+      }
+
+      // Add event listeners
+      radioGroups.forEach((radioGroup) => {
+        // Mark as touched on blur
+        radioGroup.addEventListener('ionBlur', (e) => {
+          console.log('Blur event on:', radioGroup.id);
+          touchedFields.add(radioGroup.id);
+          validateField(radioGroup);
+          validateForm();
+
+          const isInvalid = radioGroup.classList.contains('ion-invalid');
+          if (isInvalid) {
+            console.log('Field marked invalid:', radioGroup.id, radioGroup.errorText);
+          }
+        });
+
+        // Validate on change
+        radioGroup.addEventListener('ionChange', (e) => {
+          console.log('Change event on:', radioGroup.id);
+          if (touchedFields.has(radioGroup.id)) {
+            validateField(radioGroup);
+            validateForm();
+          }
+        });
+      });
+
+      // Reset button
+      resetBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
+        radioGroups.forEach((radioGroup) => {
+          radioGroup.value = '';
+          radioGroup.classList.remove('ion-valid', 'ion-invalid', 'ion-touched');
+        });
+        touchedFields.clear();
+        submitBtn.disabled = true;
+      });
+
+      // Submit button
+      submitBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
+        if (validateForm()) {
+          alert('Form submitted successfully!');
+        }
+      });
+
+      // Initial setup
+      validateForm();
+    </script>
+  </body>
+</html>

core/src/components/select/select.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type { ComponentInterface, EventEmitter } from '@stencil/core';
-import { Component, Element, Event, Host, Method, Prop, State, Watch, h, forceUpdate } from '@stencil/core';
+import { Build, Component, Element, Event, Host, Method, Prop, State, Watch, h, forceUpdate } from '@stencil/core';
 import type { NotchController } from '@utils/forms';
-import { compareOptions, createNotchController, isOptionSelected } from '@utils/forms';
+import { compareOptions, createNotchController, isOptionSelected, checkInvalidState } from '@utils/forms';
 import { focusVisibleElement, renderHiddenInput, inheritAttributes } from '@utils/helpers';
 import type { Attributes } from '@utils/helpers';
 import { printIonWarning } from '@utils/logging';
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ export class Select implements ComponentInterface {
   private inheritedAttributes: Attributes = {};
   private nativeWrapperEl: HTMLElement | undefined;
   private notchSpacerEl: HTMLElement | undefined;
+  private validationObserver?: MutationObserver;
 
   private notchController?: NotchController;
 
@@ -81,6 +82,13 @@ export class Select implements ComponentInterface {
    */
   @State() hasFocus = false;
 
+  /**
+   * Track validation state for proper aria-live announcements.
+   */
+  @State() isInvalid = false;
+
+  @State() private hintTextId?: string;
+
   /**
    * The text to display on the cancel button.
    */
@@ -298,10 +306,51 @@ export class Select implements ComponentInterface {
        */
       forceUpdate(this);
     });
+
+    // Watch for class changes to update validation state.
+    if (Build.isBrowser && typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined') {
+      this.validationObserver = new MutationObserver(() => {
+        const newIsInvalid = checkInvalidState(this.el);
+        if (this.isInvalid !== newIsInvalid) {
+          this.isInvalid = newIsInvalid;
+          /**
+           * Screen readers tend to announce changes
+           * to `aria-describedby` when the attribute
+           * is changed during a blur event for a
+           * native form control.
+           * However, the announcement can be spotty
+           * when using a non-native form control
+           * and `forceUpdate()`.
+           * This is due to `forceUpdate()` internally
+           * rescheduling the DOM update to a lower
+           * priority queue regardless if it's called
+           * inside a Promise or not, thus causing
+           * the screen reader to potentially miss the
+           * change.
+           * By using a State variable inside a Promise,
+           * it guarantees a re-render immediately at
+           * a higher priority.
+           */
+          Promise.resolve().then(() => {
+            this.hintTextId = this.getHintTextId();
+          });
+        }
+      });
+
+      this.validationObserver.observe(el, {
+        attributes: true,
+        attributeFilter: ['class'],
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Always set initial state
+    this.isInvalid = checkInvalidState(this.el);
   }
 
   componentWillLoad() {
     this.inheritedAttributes = inheritAttributes(this.el, ['aria-label']);
+
+    this.hintTextId = this.getHintTextId();
   }
 
   componentDidLoad() {
@@ -328,6 +377,12 @@ export class Select implements ComponentInterface {
       this.notchController.destroy();
       this.notchController = undefined;
     }
+
+    // Clean up validation observer to prevent memory leaks.
+    if (this.validationObserver) {
+      this.validationObserver.disconnect();
+      this.validationObserver = undefined;
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -501,14 +556,19 @@ export class Select implements ComponentInterface {
         .filter((cls) => cls !== 'hydrated')
         .join(' ');
       const optClass = `${OPTION_CLASS} ${copyClasses}`;
+      const isSelected = isOptionSelected(selectValue, value, this.compareWith);
 
       return {
-        role: isOptionSelected(selectValue, value, this.compareWith) ? 'selected' : '',
+        role: isSelected ? 'selected' : '',
         text: option.textContent,
         cssClass: optClass,
         handler: () => {
           this.setValue(value);
         },
+        htmlAttributes: {
+          'aria-checked': isSelected ? 'true' : 'false',
+          role: 'radio',
+        },
       } as ActionSheetButton;
     });
 
@@ -1056,8 +1116,8 @@ export class Select implements ComponentInterface {
         aria-label={this.ariaLabel}
         aria-haspopup="dialog"
         aria-expanded={`${isExpanded}`}
-        aria-describedby={this.getHintTextID()}
-        aria-invalid={this.getHintTextID() === this.errorTextId}
+        aria-describedby={this.hintTextId}
+        aria-invalid={this.isInvalid ? 'true' : undefined}
         aria-required={`${required}`}
         onFocus={this.onFocus}
         onBlur={this.onBlur}
@@ -1066,10 +1126,10 @@ export class Select implements ComponentInterface {
     );
   }
 
-  private getHintTextID(): string | undefined {
-    const { el, helperText, errorText, helperTextId, errorTextId } = this;
+  private getHintTextId(): string | undefined {
+    const { helperText, errorText, helperTextId, errorTextId, isInvalid } = this;
 
-    if (el.classList.contains('ion-touched') && el.classList.contains('ion-invalid') && errorText) {
+    if (isInvalid && errorText) {
       return errorTextId;
     }
 
@@ -1084,14 +1144,14 @@ export class Select implements ComponentInterface {
    * Renders the helper text or error text values
    */
   private renderHintText() {
-    const { helperText, errorText, helperTextId, errorTextId } = this;
+    const { helperText, errorText, helperTextId, errorTextId, isInvalid } = this;
 
     return [
-      <div id={helperTextId} class="helper-text" part="supporting-text helper-text">
-        {helperText}
+      <div id={helperTextId} class="helper-text" part="supporting-text helper-text" aria-live="polite">
+        {!isInvalid ? helperText : null}
       </div>,
-      <div id={errorTextId} class="error-text" part="supporting-text error-text">
-        {errorText}
+      <div id={errorTextId} class="error-text" part="supporting-text error-text" role="alert">
+        {isInvalid ? errorText : null}
       </div>,
     ];
   }

core/src/components/select/test/a11y/select.e2e.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { expect } from '@playwright/test';
 import { configs, test } from '@utils/test/playwright';
 
 configs({ directions: ['ltr'], palettes: ['light', 'dark'] }).forEach(({ title, config }) => {
-  test.describe(title('textarea: a11y'), () => {
+  test.describe(title('select: a11y'), () => {
     test('default layout should not have accessibility violations', async ({ page }) => {
       await page.setContent(
         `

core/src/components/select/test/validation/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <title>Select - Validation</title>
+    <meta
+      name="viewport"
+      content="viewport-fit=cover, width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no"
+    />
+    <link href="../../../../../css/ionic.bundle.css" rel="stylesheet" />
+    <link href="../../../../../scripts/testing/styles.css" rel="stylesheet" />
+    <script src="../../../../../scripts/testing/scripts.js"></script>
+    <script nomodule src="../../../../../dist/ionic/ionic.js"></script>
+    <script type="module" src="../../../../../dist/ionic/ionic.esm.js"></script>
+    <style>
+      .grid {
+        display: grid;
+        grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(250px, 1fr));
+        grid-row-gap: 30px;
+        grid-column-gap: 30px;
+      }
+
+      h2 {
+        font-size: 12px;
+        font-weight: normal;
+
+        color: var(--ion-color-step-600);
+
+        margin-top: 10px;
+        margin-bottom: 5px;
+      }
+
+      .validation-info {
+        margin: 20px;
+        padding: 10px;
+        background: var(--ion-color-light);
+        border-radius: 4px;
+      }
+    </style>
+  </head>
+
+  <body>
+    <ion-app>
+      <ion-header>
+        <ion-toolbar>
+          <ion-title>Select - Validation Test</ion-title>
+        </ion-toolbar>
+      </ion-header>
+
+      <ion-content class="ion-padding">
+        <div class="validation-info">
+          <h2>Screen Reader Testing Instructions:</h2>
+          <ol>
+            <li>Enable your screen reader (VoiceOver, NVDA, JAWS, etc.)</li>
+            <li>Tab through the form fields</li>
+            <li>When you tab away from an empty required field, the error should be announced immediately</li>
+            <li>The error text should be announced BEFORE the next field is announced</li>
+            <li>Test in Chrome, Safari, and Firefox to verify consistent behavior</li>
+          </ol>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="grid">
+          <div>
+            <h2>Required Field</h2>
+            <ion-select
+              id="fruits-select"
+              label="Fruits"
+              placeholder="Select one"
+              interface="alert"
+              helper-text="You must select an option to continue"
+              error-text="This field is required"
+              required
+            >
+              <ion-select-option value="apples">Apples</ion-select-option>
+              <ion-select-option value="oranges">Oranges</ion-select-option>
+              <ion-select-option value="pears">Pears</ion-select-option>
+            </ion-select>
+          </div>
+
+          <div>
+            <h2>Optional Field (No Validation)</h2>
+            <ion-select
+              id="optional-select"
+              label="Colors"
+              placeholder="Select one"
+              interface="alert"
+              helper-text="You can skip this field"
+            >
+              <ion-select-option value="red">Red</ion-select-option>
+              <ion-select-option value="blue">Blue</ion-select-option>
+              <ion-select-option value="green">Green</ion-select-option>
+            </ion-select>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="ion-padding">
+          <ion-button id="submit-btn" expand="block" disabled>Submit Form</ion-button>
+          <ion-button id="reset-btn" expand="block" fill="outline">Reset Form</ion-button>
+        </div>
+      </ion-content>
+    </ion-app>
+
+    <script>
+      // Simple validation logic
+      const selects = document.querySelectorAll('ion-select');
+      const submitBtn = document.getElementById('submit-btn');
+      const resetBtn = document.getElementById('reset-btn');
+
+      // Track which fields have been touched
+      const touchedFields = new Set();
+
+      // Validation functions
+      const validators = {
+        'fruits-select': (value) => {
+          return value !== '' && value !== undefined;
+        },
+        'optional-select': () => true, // Always valid
+      };
+
+      function validateField(select) {
+        const selectId = select.id;
+        const value = select.value;
+        const isValid = validators[selectId] ? validators[selectId](value) : true;
+
+        // Only show validation state if field has been touched
+        if (touchedFields.has(selectId)) {
+          if (isValid) {
+            select.classList.remove('ion-invalid');
+            select.classList.add('ion-valid');
+          } else {
+            select.classList.remove('ion-valid');
+            select.classList.add('ion-invalid');
+          }
+          select.classList.add('ion-touched');
+        }
+
+        return isValid;
+      }
+
+      function validateForm() {
+        let allValid = true;
+        selects.forEach((select) => {
+          if (select.id !== 'optional-select') {
+            const isValid = validateField(select);
+            if (!isValid) {
+              allValid = false;
+            }
+          }
+        });
+        submitBtn.disabled = !allValid;
+        return allValid;
+      }
+
+      // Add event listeners
+      selects.forEach((select) => {
+        // Mark as touched on blur
+        select.addEventListener('ionBlur', (e) => {
+          console.log('Blur event on:', select.id);
+          touchedFields.add(select.id);
+          validateField(select);
+          validateForm();
+
+          const isInvalid = select.classList.contains('ion-invalid');
+          if (isInvalid) {
+            console.log('Field marked invalid:', select.label, select.errorText);
+          }
+        });
+
+        // Validate on change
+        select.addEventListener('ionChange', (e) => {
+          console.log('Change event on:', select.id);
+          if (touchedFields.has(select.id)) {
+            validateField(select);
+            validateForm();
+          }
+        });
+      });
+
+      // Reset button
+      resetBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
+        selects.forEach((select) => {
+          select.value = '';
+          select.classList.remove('ion-valid', 'ion-invalid', 'ion-touched');
+        });
+        touchedFields.clear();
+        submitBtn.disabled = true;
+      });
+
+      // Submit button
+      submitBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
+        if (validateForm()) {
+          alert('Form submitted successfully!');
+        }
+      });
+
+      // Initial setup
+      validateForm();
+    </script>
+  </body>
+</html>

core/src/components/tab-bar/tab-bar.tsx

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import type { TabBarChangedEventDetail } from './tab-bar-interface';
 })
 export class TabBar implements ComponentInterface {
   private keyboardCtrl: KeyboardController | null = null;
+  private didLoad = false;
 
   @Element() el!: HTMLElement;
 
@@ -40,6 +41,12 @@ export class TabBar implements ComponentInterface {
   @Prop() selectedTab?: string;
   @Watch('selectedTab')
   selectedTabChanged() {
+    // Skip the initial watcher call that happens during component load
+    // We handle that in componentDidLoad to ensure children are ready
+    if (!this.didLoad) {
+      return;
+    }
+
     if (this.selectedTab !== undefined) {
       this.ionTabBarChanged.emit({
         tab: this.selectedTab,
@@ -65,8 +72,19 @@ export class TabBar implements ComponentInterface {
    */
   @Event() ionTabBarLoaded!: EventEmitter<void>;
 
-  componentWillLoad() {
-    this.selectedTabChanged();
+  componentDidLoad() {
+    this.ionTabBarLoaded.emit();
+    // Set the flag to indicate the component has loaded
+    // This allows the watcher to emit changes from this point forward
+    this.didLoad = true;
+
+    // Emit the initial selected tab after the component is fully loaded
+    // This ensures all child components (ion-tab-button) are ready
+    if (this.selectedTab !== undefined) {
+      this.ionTabBarChanged.emit({
+        tab: this.selectedTab,
+      });
+    }
   }
 
   async connectedCallback() {
@@ -90,10 +108,6 @@ export class TabBar implements ComponentInterface {
     }
   }
 
-  componentDidLoad() {
-    this.ionTabBarLoaded.emit();
-  }
-
   render() {
     const { color, translucent, keyboardVisible } = this;
     const mode = getIonMode(this);

core/src/components/tabs/tabs.tsx

@@ -65,32 +65,33 @@ export class Tabs implements NavOutlet {
     this.ionNavWillLoad.emit();
   }
 
-  componentWillRender() {
+  componentDidLoad() {
+    this.updateTabBar();
+  }
+
+  componentDidUpdate() {
+    this.updateTabBar();
+  }
+
+  private updateTabBar() {
     const tabBar = this.el.querySelector('ion-tab-bar');
-    if (tabBar) {
-      let tab = this.selectedTab ? this.selectedTab.tab : undefined;
-
-      // Fallback: if no selectedTab is set but we're using router mode,
-      // determine the active tab from the current URL. This works around
-      // timing issues in React Router integration where setRouteId may not
-      // be called in time for the initial render.
-      // TODO(FW-6724): Remove this with React Router upgrade
-      if (!tab && this.useRouter && typeof window !== 'undefined') {
-        const currentPath = window.location.pathname;
-        const tabButtons = this.el.querySelectorAll('ion-tab-button');
-
-        // Look for a tab button that matches the current path pattern
-        for (const tabButton of tabButtons) {
-          const tabId = tabButton.getAttribute('tab');
-          if (tabId && currentPath.includes(tabId)) {
-            tab = tabId;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      tabBar.selectedTab = tab;
+    if (!tabBar) {
+      return;
     }
+
+    const tab = this.selectedTab ? this.selectedTab.tab : undefined;
+
+    // If tabs has no selected tab but tab-bar already has a selected-tab set,
+    // don't overwrite it. This handles cases where tab-bar is used without ion-tab elements.
+    if (tab === undefined) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (tabBar.selectedTab === tab) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    tabBar.selectedTab = tab;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -162,6 +163,7 @@ export class Tabs implements NavOutlet {
     this.selectedTab = selectedTab;
     this.ionTabsWillChange.emit({ tab: selectedTab.tab });
     selectedTab.active = true;
+    this.updateTabBar();
     return Promise.resolve();
   }
 

core/src/components/textarea/textarea.tsx

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import {
   writeTask,
 } from '@stencil/core';
 import type { NotchController } from '@utils/forms';
-import { createNotchController } from '@utils/forms';
+import { createNotchController, checkInvalidState } from '@utils/forms';
 import type { Attributes } from '@utils/helpers';
 import { inheritAriaAttributes, debounceEvent, inheritAttributes, componentOnReady } from '@utils/helpers';
 import { createSlotMutationController } from '@utils/slot-mutation-controller';
@@ -335,16 +335,6 @@ export class Textarea implements ComponentInterface {
     }
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Checks if the textarea is in an invalid state based on Ionic validation classes
-   */
-  private checkValidationState(): boolean {
-    const hasIonTouched = this.el.classList.contains('ion-touched');
-    const hasIonInvalid = this.el.classList.contains('ion-invalid');
-
-    return hasIonTouched && hasIonInvalid;
-  }
-
   connectedCallback() {
     const { el } = this;
     this.slotMutationController = createSlotMutationController(el, ['label', 'start', 'end'], () => forceUpdate(this));
@@ -357,7 +347,7 @@ export class Textarea implements ComponentInterface {
     // Watch for class changes to update validation state
     if (Build.isBrowser && typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined') {
       this.validationObserver = new MutationObserver(() => {
-        const newIsInvalid = this.checkValidationState();
+        const newIsInvalid = checkInvalidState(this.el);
         if (this.isInvalid !== newIsInvalid) {
           this.isInvalid = newIsInvalid;
           // Force a re-render to update aria-describedby immediately
@@ -372,7 +362,7 @@ export class Textarea implements ComponentInterface {
     }
 
     // Always set initial state
-    this.isInvalid = this.checkValidationState();
+    this.isInvalid = checkInvalidState(this.el);
 
     this.debounceChanged();
     if (Build.isBrowser) {

core/src/components/toggle/test/basic/index.html

@@ -45,6 +45,20 @@
         <ion-toggle style="width: 100%"> Full-width </ion-toggle><br />
         <ion-toggle> Long Label Long Label Long Label Long Label Long Label Long Label </ion-toggle><br />
       </ion-content>
+
+      <script>
+        document.addEventListener('ionBlur', (ev) => {
+          console.log('ionBlur', ev);
+        });
+
+        document.addEventListener('ionChange', (ev) => {
+          console.log('ionChange', ev);
+        });
+
+        document.addEventListener('ionFocus', (ev) => {
+          console.log('ionFocus', ev);
+        });
+      </script>
     </ion-app>
   </body>
 </html>

core/src/components/toggle/test/basic/toggle.e2e.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,65 @@
 import { expect } from '@playwright/test';
 import { configs, test } from '@utils/test/playwright';
 
-configs({ modes: ['ios'], directions: ['ltr'] }).forEach(({ title, config }) => {
+/**
+ * This behavior does not vary across modes/directions
+ */
+configs({ modes: ['ios'], directions: ['ltr'] }).forEach(({ title, screenshot, config }) => {
+  test.describe(title('toggle: ionChange'), () => {
+    test('should fire ionChange when interacting with toggle', async ({ page }) => {
+      await page.setContent(
+        `
+        <ion-toggle aria-label="toggle" value="my-toggle"></ion-toggle>
+      `,
+        config
+      );
+
+      const ionChange = await page.spyOnEvent('ionChange');
+      const toggle = page.locator('ion-toggle');
+
+      await toggle.click();
+      expect(ionChange).toHaveReceivedEventDetail({ value: 'my-toggle', checked: true });
+
+      await toggle.click();
+      expect(ionChange).toHaveReceivedEventDetail({ value: 'my-toggle', checked: false });
+    });
+
+    test('should fire ionChange when interacting with toggle in item', async ({ page }) => {
+      await page.setContent(
+        `
+        <ion-item>
+          <ion-toggle aria-label="toggle" value="my-toggle"></ion-toggle>
+        </ion-item>
+      `,
+        config
+      );
+
+      const ionChange = await page.spyOnEvent('ionChange');
+      const item = page.locator('ion-item');
+
+      await item.click();
+      expect(ionChange).toHaveReceivedEventDetail({ value: 'my-toggle', checked: true });
+
+      await item.click();
+      expect(ionChange).toHaveReceivedEventDetail({ value: 'my-toggle', checked: false });
+    });
+
+    test('should not fire when programmatically setting a value', async ({ page }) => {
+      await page.setContent(
+        `
+        <ion-toggle aria-label="toggle" value="my-toggle"></ion-toggle>
+      `,
+        config
+      );
+
+      const ionChange = await page.spyOnEvent('ionChange');
+      const toggle = page.locator('ion-toggle');
+
+      await toggle.evaluate((el: HTMLIonToggleElement) => (el.checked = true));
+      expect(ionChange).not.toHaveReceivedEvent();
+    });
+  });
+
   test.describe(title('toggle: click'), () => {
     test('should trigger onclick only once when clicking the label', async ({ page }, testInfo) => {
       testInfo.annotations.push({
@@ -35,4 +93,195 @@ configs({ modes: ['ios'], directions: ['ltr'] }).forEach(({ title, config }) =>
       expect(clickCount).toBe(1);
     });
   });
+
+  test.describe(title('toggle: ionFocus'), () => {
+    test('should not have visual regressions', async ({ page, pageUtils }) => {
+      await page.setContent(
+        `
+        <style>
+          #container {
+            display: inline-block;
+            padding: 10px;
+          }
+        </style>
+
+        <div id="container">
+          <ion-toggle>Unchecked</ion-toggle>
+        </div>
+      `,
+        config
+      );
+
+      await pageUtils.pressKeys('Tab');
+
+      const container = page.locator('#container');
+
+      await expect(container).toHaveScreenshot(screenshot(`toggle-focus`));
+    });
+
+    test('should not have visual regressions when interacting with toggle in item', async ({ page, pageUtils }) => {
+      await page.setContent(
+        `
+        <ion-item class="ion-focused">
+          <ion-toggle>Unchecked</ion-toggle>
+        </ion-item>
+      `,
+        config
+      );
+
+      // Test focus with keyboard navigation
+      await pageUtils.pressKeys('Tab');
+
+      const item = page.locator('ion-item');
+
+      await expect(item).toHaveScreenshot(screenshot(`toggle-in-item-focus`));
+    });
+
+    test('should fire ionFocus when toggle is focused', async ({ page, pageUtils }) => {
+      await page.setContent(
+        `
+        <ion-toggle aria-label="toggle" value="my-toggle"></ion-toggle>
+      `,
+        config
+      );
+
+      const ionFocus = await page.spyOnEvent('ionFocus');
+
+      // Test focus with keyboard navigation
+      await pageUtils.pressKeys('Tab');
+
+      expect(ionFocus).toHaveReceivedEventTimes(1);
+
+      // Reset focus
+      const toggle = page.locator('ion-toggle');
+      const toggleBoundingBox = (await toggle.boundingBox())!;
+      await page.mouse.click(0, toggleBoundingBox.height + 1);
+
+      // Test focus with click
+      await toggle.click();
+
+      expect(ionFocus).toHaveReceivedEventTimes(2);
+    });
+
+    test('should fire ionFocus when interacting with toggle in item', async ({ page, pageUtils }) => {
+      await page.setContent(
+        `
+        <ion-item>
+          <ion-toggle aria-label="toggle" value="my-toggle"></ion-toggle>
+        </ion-item>
+      `,
+        config
+      );
+
+      const ionFocus = await page.spyOnEvent('ionFocus');
+
+      // Test focus with keyboard navigation
+      await pageUtils.pressKeys('Tab');
+
+      expect(ionFocus).toHaveReceivedEventTimes(1);
+
+      // Verify that the event target is the toggle and not the item
+      const eventByKeyboard = ionFocus.events[0];
+      expect((eventByKeyboard.target as HTMLElement).tagName.toLowerCase()).toBe('ion-toggle');
+
+      // Reset focus
+      const toggle = page.locator('ion-toggle');
+      const toggleBoundingBox = (await toggle.boundingBox())!;
+      await page.mouse.click(0, toggleBoundingBox.height + 1);
+
+      // Test focus with click
+      const item = page.locator('ion-item');
+      await item.click();
+
+      expect(ionFocus).toHaveReceivedEventTimes(2);
+
+      // Verify that the event target is the toggle and not the item
+      const eventByClick = ionFocus.events[0];
+      expect((eventByClick.target as HTMLElement).tagName.toLowerCase()).toBe('ion-toggle');
+    });
+
+    test('should not fire when programmatically setting a value', async ({ page }) => {
+      await page.setContent(
+        `
+        <ion-toggle aria-label="toggle" value="my-toggle"></ion-toggle>
+      `,
+        config
+      );
+
+      const ionFocus = await page.spyOnEvent('ionFocus');
+      const toggle = page.locator('ion-toggle');
+
+      await toggle.evaluate((el: HTMLIonToggleElement) => (el.checked = true));
+      expect(ionFocus).not.toHaveReceivedEvent();
+    });
+  });
+
+  test.describe(title('toggle: ionBlur'), () => {
+    test('should fire ionBlur when toggle is blurred', async ({ page, pageUtils }) => {
+      await page.setContent(
+        `
+        <ion-toggle aria-label="toggle" value="my-toggle"></ion-toggle>
+      `,
+        config
+      );
+
+      const ionBlur = await page.spyOnEvent('ionBlur');
+
+      // Test blur with keyboard navigation
+      // Focus the toggle
+      await pageUtils.pressKeys('Tab');
+      // Blur the toggle
+      await pageUtils.pressKeys('Tab');
+
+      expect(ionBlur).toHaveReceivedEventTimes(1);
+
+      // Test blur with click
+      const toggle = page.locator('ion-toggle');
+      // Focus the toggle
+      await toggle.click();
+      // Blur the toggle by clicking outside of it
+      const toggleBoundingBox = (await toggle.boundingBox())!;
+      await page.mouse.click(0, toggleBoundingBox.height + 1);
+
+      expect(ionBlur).toHaveReceivedEventTimes(2);
+    });
+
+    test('should fire ionBlur after interacting with toggle in item', async ({ page, pageUtils }) => {
+      await page.setContent(
+        `
+        <ion-item>
+          <ion-toggle aria-label="toggle" value="my-toggle"></ion-toggle>
+        </ion-item>
+      `,
+        config
+      );
+
+      const ionBlur = await page.spyOnEvent('ionBlur');
+
+      // Test blur with keyboard navigation
+      // Focus the toggle
+      await pageUtils.pressKeys('Tab');
+      // Blur the toggle
+      await pageUtils.pressKeys('Tab');
+
+      expect(ionBlur).toHaveReceivedEventTimes(1);
+
+      // Verify that the event target is the toggle and not the item
+      const event = ionBlur.events[0];
+      expect((event.target as HTMLElement).tagName.toLowerCase()).toBe('ion-toggle');
+
+      // Test blur with click
+      const item = page.locator('ion-item');
+      await item.click();
+      // Blur the toggle by clicking outside of it
+      const itemBoundingBox = (await item.boundingBox())!;
+      await page.mouse.click(0, itemBoundingBox.height + 1);
+
+      expect(ionBlur).toHaveReceivedEventTimes(2);
+
+      // Verify that the event target is the toggle and not the item
+      const eventByClick = ionBlur.events[0];
+      expect((eventByClick.target as HTMLElement).tagName.toLowerCase()).toBe('ion-toggle');
+    });
+  });
 });

core/src/components/toggle/test/item/index.html

@@ -223,6 +223,20 @@
           </div>
         </div>
       </ion-content>
+
+      <script>
+        document.addEventListener('ionBlur', (ev) => {
+          console.log('ionBlur', ev);
+        });
+
+        document.addEventListener('ionChange', (ev) => {
+          console.log('ionChange', ev);
+        });
+
+        document.addEventListener('ionFocus', (ev) => {
+          console.log('ionFocus', ev);
+        });
+      </script>
     </ion-app>
   </body>
 </html>

core/src/components/toggle/test/validation/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <title>Toggle - Validation</title>
+    <meta
+      name="viewport"
+      content="viewport-fit=cover, width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no"
+    />
+    <link href="../../../../../css/ionic.bundle.css" rel="stylesheet" />
+    <link href="../../../../../scripts/testing/styles.css" rel="stylesheet" />
+    <script src="../../../../../scripts/testing/scripts.js"></script>
+    <script nomodule src="../../../../../dist/ionic/ionic.js"></script>
+    <script type="module" src="../../../../../dist/ionic/ionic.esm.js"></script>
+    <style>
+      .grid {
+        display: grid;
+        grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(250px, 1fr));
+        grid-row-gap: 30px;
+        grid-column-gap: 30px;
+      }
+
+      h2 {
+        font-size: 12px;
+        font-weight: normal;
+
+        color: var(--ion-color-step-600);
+
+        margin-top: 10px;
+        margin-bottom: 5px;
+      }
+
+      .validation-info {
+        margin: 20px;
+        padding: 10px;
+        background: var(--ion-color-light);
+        border-radius: 4px;
+      }
+    </style>
+  </head>
+
+  <body>
+    <ion-app>
+      <ion-header>
+        <ion-toolbar>
+          <ion-title>Toggle - Validation Test</ion-title>
+        </ion-toolbar>
+      </ion-header>
+
+      <ion-content class="ion-padding">
+        <div class="validation-info">
+          <h2>Screen Reader Testing Instructions:</h2>
+          <ol>
+            <li>Enable your screen reader (VoiceOver, NVDA, JAWS, etc.)</li>
+            <li>Tab through the form fields</li>
+            <li>When you tab away from an empty required field, the error should be announced immediately</li>
+            <li>The error text should be announced BEFORE the next field is announced</li>
+            <li>Test in Chrome, Safari, and Firefox to verify consistent behavior</li>
+          </ol>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="grid">
+          <div>
+            <h2>Required Field</h2>
+            <ion-toggle
+              id="terms-toggle"
+              helper-text="You must turn on to continue"
+              error-text="Please turn on this toggle"
+              required
+              >Tap to turn on</ion-toggle
+            >
+          </div>
+
+          <div>
+            <h2>Optional Field (No Validation)</h2>
+            <ion-toggle id="optional-toggle" helper-text="You can skip this field">Optional Toggle</ion-toggle>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="ion-padding">
+          <ion-button id="submit-btn" expand="block" disabled>Submit Form</ion-button>
+          <ion-button id="reset-btn" expand="block" fill="outline">Reset Form</ion-button>
+        </div>
+      </ion-content>
+    </ion-app>
+
+    <script>
+      // Simple validation logic
+      const toggles = document.querySelectorAll('ion-toggle');
+      const submitBtn = document.getElementById('submit-btn');
+      const resetBtn = document.getElementById('reset-btn');
+
+      // Track which fields have been touched
+      const touchedFields = new Set();
+
+      // Validation functions
+      const validators = {
+        'terms-toggle': (checked) => {
+          return checked === true;
+        },
+        'optional-toggle': () => true, // Always valid
+      };
+
+      function validateField(toggle) {
+        const toggleId = toggle.id;
+        const checked = toggle.checked;
+        const isValid = validators[toggleId] ? validators[toggleId](checked) : true;
+
+        // Only show validation state if field has been touched
+        if (touchedFields.has(toggleId)) {
+          if (isValid) {
+            toggle.classList.remove('ion-invalid');
+            toggle.classList.add('ion-valid');
+          } else {
+            toggle.classList.remove('ion-valid');
+            toggle.classList.add('ion-invalid');
+          }
+          toggle.classList.add('ion-touched');
+        }
+
+        return isValid;
+      }
+
+      function validateForm() {
+        let allValid = true;
+        toggles.forEach((toggle) => {
+          if (toggle.id !== 'optional-toggle') {
+            const isValid = validateField(toggle);
+            if (!isValid) {
+              allValid = false;
+            }
+          }
+        });
+        submitBtn.disabled = !allValid;
+        return allValid;
+      }
+
+      // Add event listeners
+      toggles.forEach((toggle) => {
+        // Mark as touched on blur
+        toggle.addEventListener('ionBlur', (e) => {
+          console.log('Blur event on:', toggle.id);
+          touchedFields.add(toggle.id);
+          validateField(toggle);
+          validateForm();
+
+          const isInvalid = toggle.classList.contains('ion-invalid');
+          if (isInvalid) {
+            console.log('Field marked invalid:', toggle.innerText, toggle.errorText);
+          }
+        });
+
+        // Validate on change
+        toggle.addEventListener('ionChange', (e) => {
+          console.log('Change event on:', toggle.id);
+          if (touchedFields.has(toggle.id)) {
+            validateField(toggle);
+            validateForm();
+          }
+        });
+      });
+
+      // Reset button
+      resetBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
+        toggles.forEach((toggle) => {
+          toggle.checked = false;
+          toggle.classList.remove('ion-valid', 'ion-invalid', 'ion-touched');
+        });
+        touchedFields.clear();
+        submitBtn.disabled = true;
+      });
+
+      // Submit button
+      submitBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
+        if (validateForm()) {
+          alert('Form submitted successfully!');
+        }
+      });
+
+      // Initial setup
+      validateForm();
+    </script>
+  </body>
+</html>

core/src/components/toggle/toggle.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type { ComponentInterface, EventEmitter } from '@stencil/core';
-import { Component, Element, Event, Host, Prop, State, Watch, h } from '@stencil/core';
+import { Build, Component, Element, Event, Host, Prop, State, Watch, h } from '@stencil/core';
+import { checkInvalidState } from '@utils/forms';
 import { renderHiddenInput, inheritAriaAttributes } from '@utils/helpers';
 import type { Attributes } from '@utils/helpers';
 import { hapticSelection } from '@utils/native/haptic';
@@ -40,16 +41,23 @@ export class Toggle implements ComponentInterface {
   private helperTextId = `${this.inputId}-helper-text`;
   private errorTextId = `${this.inputId}-error-text`;
   private gesture?: Gesture;
-  private focusEl?: HTMLElement;
   private lastDrag = 0;
   private inheritedAttributes: Attributes = {};
   private toggleTrack?: HTMLElement;
   private didLoad = false;
+  private validationObserver?: MutationObserver;
 
   @Element() el!: HTMLIonToggleElement;
 
   @State() activated = false;
 
+  /**
+   * Track validation state for proper aria-live announcements.
+   */
+  @State() isInvalid = false;
+
+  @State() private hintTextId?: string;
+
   /**
    * The color to use from your application's color palette.
    * Default options are: `"primary"`, `"secondary"`, `"tertiary"`, `"success"`, `"warning"`, `"danger"`, `"light"`, `"medium"`, and `"dark"`.
@@ -162,7 +170,6 @@ export class Toggle implements ComponentInterface {
     const isNowChecked = !checked;
     this.checked = isNowChecked;
 
-    this.setFocus();
     this.ionChange.emit({
       checked: isNowChecked,
       value,
@@ -170,15 +177,56 @@ export class Toggle implements ComponentInterface {
   }
 
   async connectedCallback() {
+    const { didLoad, el } = this;
+
     /**
      * If we have not yet rendered
      * ion-toggle, then toggleTrack is not defined.
      * But if we are moving ion-toggle via appendChild,
      * then toggleTrack will be defined.
      */
-    if (this.didLoad) {
+    if (didLoad) {
       this.setupGesture();
     }
+
+    // Watch for class changes to update validation state.
+    if (Build.isBrowser && typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined') {
+      this.validationObserver = new MutationObserver(() => {
+        const newIsInvalid = checkInvalidState(el);
+        if (this.isInvalid !== newIsInvalid) {
+          this.isInvalid = newIsInvalid;
+          /**
+           * Screen readers tend to announce changes
+           * to `aria-describedby` when the attribute
+           * is changed during a blur event for a
+           * native form control.
+           * However, the announcement can be spotty
+           * when using a non-native form control
+           * and `forceUpdate()`.
+           * This is due to `forceUpdate()` internally
+           * rescheduling the DOM update to a lower
+           * priority queue regardless if it's called
+           * inside a Promise or not, thus causing
+           * the screen reader to potentially miss the
+           * change.
+           * By using a State variable inside a Promise,
+           * it guarantees a re-render immediately at
+           * a higher priority.
+           */
+          Promise.resolve().then(() => {
+            this.hintTextId = this.getHintTextId();
+          });
+        }
+      });
+
+      this.validationObserver.observe(el, {
+        attributes: true,
+        attributeFilter: ['class'],
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Always set initial state
+    this.isInvalid = checkInvalidState(el);
   }
 
   componentDidLoad() {
@@ -209,12 +257,20 @@ export class Toggle implements ComponentInterface {
       this.gesture.destroy();
       this.gesture = undefined;
     }
+
+    // Clean up validation observer to prevent memory leaks.
+    if (this.validationObserver) {
+      this.validationObserver.disconnect();
+      this.validationObserver = undefined;
+    }
   }
 
   componentWillLoad() {
     this.inheritedAttributes = {
       ...inheritAriaAttributes(this.el),
     };
+
+    this.hintTextId = this.getHintTextId();
   }
 
   private onStart() {
@@ -243,9 +299,7 @@ export class Toggle implements ComponentInterface {
   }
 
   private setFocus() {
-    if (this.focusEl) {
-      this.focusEl.focus();
-    }
+    this.el.focus();
   }
 
   private onKeyDown = (ev: KeyboardEvent) => {
@@ -339,10 +393,10 @@ export class Toggle implements ComponentInterface {
     return this.el.textContent !== '';
   }
 
-  private getHintTextID(): string | undefined {
-    const { el, helperText, errorText, helperTextId, errorTextId } = this;
+  private getHintTextId(): string | undefined {
+    const { helperText, errorText, helperTextId, errorTextId, isInvalid } = this;
 
-    if (el.classList.contains('ion-touched') && el.classList.contains('ion-invalid') && errorText) {
+    if (isInvalid && errorText) {
       return errorTextId;
     }
 
@@ -358,7 +412,7 @@ export class Toggle implements ComponentInterface {
    * This element should only be rendered if hint text is set.
    */
   private renderHintText() {
-    const { helperText, errorText, helperTextId, errorTextId } = this;
+    const { helperText, errorText, helperTextId, errorTextId, isInvalid } = this;
 
     /**
      * undefined and empty string values should
@@ -371,11 +425,11 @@ export class Toggle implements ComponentInterface {
 
     return (
       <div class="toggle-bottom">
-        <div id={helperTextId} class="helper-text" part="supporting-text helper-text">
-          {helperText}
+        <div id={helperTextId} class="helper-text" part="supporting-text helper-text" aria-live="polite">
+          {!isInvalid ? helperText : null}
         </div>
-        <div id={errorTextId} class="error-text" part="supporting-text error-text">
-          {errorText}
+        <div id={errorTextId} class="error-text" part="supporting-text error-text" role="alert">
+          {isInvalid ? errorText : null}
         </div>
       </div>
     );
@@ -389,7 +443,6 @@ export class Toggle implements ComponentInterface {
       color,
       disabled,
       el,
-      errorTextId,
       hasLabel,
       inheritedAttributes,
       inputId,
@@ -409,14 +462,17 @@ export class Toggle implements ComponentInterface {
       <Host
         role="switch"
         aria-checked={`${checked}`}
-        aria-describedby={this.getHintTextID()}
-        aria-invalid={this.getHintTextID() === errorTextId}
+        aria-describedby={this.hintTextId}
+        aria-invalid={this.isInvalid ? 'true' : undefined}
         onClick={this.onClick}
         aria-labelledby={hasLabel ? inputLabelId : null}
         aria-label={inheritedAttributes['aria-label'] || null}
         aria-disabled={disabled ? 'true' : null}
+        aria-required={required ? 'true' : undefined}
         tabindex={disabled ? undefined : 0}
         onKeyDown={this.onKeyDown}
+        onFocus={this.onFocus}
+        onBlur={this.onBlur}
         class={createColorClasses(color, {
           [mode]: true,
           'in-item': hostContext('ion-item', el),
@@ -441,9 +497,6 @@ export class Toggle implements ComponentInterface {
             checked={checked}
             disabled={disabled}
             id={inputId}
-            onFocus={() => this.onFocus()}
-            onBlur={() => this.onBlur()}
-            ref={(focusEl) => (this.focusEl = focusEl)}
             required={required}
             {...inheritedAttributes}
           />

core/src/css/core.scss

@@ -181,6 +181,15 @@ html.ios ion-modal.modal-card .ion-page {
   z-index: $z-index-page-container;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Allows pointer events to pass through child route page wrappers
+ * when they only contain a sheet modal that permits background interaction.
+ * https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/issues/30700
+ */
+.ion-page.ion-page-overlay-passthrough {
+  pointer-events: none;
+}
+
 /**
  * When making custom dialogs, using
  * ion-content is not required. As a result,

core/src/utils/forms/index.ts

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 export * from './notch-controller';
 export * from './compare-with-utils';
+export * from './validity';

core/src/utils/forms/validity.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+type FormElement =
+  | HTMLIonInputElement
+  | HTMLIonTextareaElement
+  | HTMLIonSelectElement
+  | HTMLIonCheckboxElement
+  | HTMLIonToggleElement
+  | HTMLElement;
+
+/**
+ * Checks if the form element is in an invalid state based on
+ * Ionic validation classes.
+ *
+ * @param el The form element to check.
+ * @returns `true` if the element is invalid, `false` otherwise.
+ */
+export const checkInvalidState = (el: FormElement): boolean => {
+  const hasIonTouched = el.classList.contains('ion-touched');
+  const hasIonInvalid = el.classList.contains('ion-invalid');
+
+  return hasIonTouched && hasIonInvalid;
+};

core/src/utils/overlays.ts

@@ -38,6 +38,20 @@ let lastId = 0;
 
 export const activeAnimations = new WeakMap<OverlayInterface, Animation[]>();
 
+type OverlayWithFocusTrapProps = HTMLIonOverlayElement & {
+  focusTrap?: boolean;
+  showBackdrop?: boolean;
+  backdropBreakpoint?: number;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Determines if the overlay's backdrop is always blocking (no background interaction).
+ * Returns false if showBackdrop=false or backdropBreakpoint > 0.
+ */
+const isBackdropAlwaysBlocking = (el: OverlayWithFocusTrapProps): boolean => {
+  return el.showBackdrop !== false && !((el.backdropBreakpoint ?? 0) > 0);
+};
+
 const createController = <Opts extends object, HTMLElm>(tagName: string) => {
   return {
     create(options: Opts): Promise<HTMLElm> {
@@ -539,18 +553,9 @@ export const present = async <OverlayPresentOptions>(
    * view container subtree, skip adding aria-hidden/inert there
    * to avoid disabling the overlay.
    */
-  const overlayEl = overlay.el as HTMLIonOverlayElement & {
-    focusTrap?: boolean;
-    showBackdrop?: boolean;
-  };
-  const focusTrapAttr = overlayEl.getAttribute?.('focus-trap');
-  const showBackdropAttr = overlayEl.getAttribute?.('show-backdrop');
-  const focusTrapDisabled = overlayEl.focusTrap === false || focusTrapAttr === 'false';
-  const backdropDisabled = overlayEl.showBackdrop === false || showBackdropAttr === 'false';
-  const shouldTrapFocus = overlayEl.tagName !== 'ION-TOAST' && !focusTrapDisabled;
-  // Only lock out root content when backdrop is active. Developers relying on showBackdrop=false
-  // expect background interaction to remain enabled.
-  const shouldLockRoot = shouldTrapFocus && !backdropDisabled;
+  const overlayEl = overlay.el as OverlayWithFocusTrapProps;
+  const shouldTrapFocus = overlayEl.tagName !== 'ION-TOAST' && overlayEl.focusTrap !== false;
+  const shouldLockRoot = shouldTrapFocus && isBackdropAlwaysBlocking(overlayEl);
 
   overlay.presented = true;
   overlay.willPresent.emit();
@@ -687,22 +692,12 @@ export const dismiss = async <OverlayDismissOptions>(
    * is dismissed.
    */
   const overlaysLockingRoot = presentedOverlays.filter((o) => {
-    const el = o as HTMLIonOverlayElement & { focusTrap?: boolean; showBackdrop?: boolean };
-    const focusTrapAttr = el.getAttribute?.('focus-trap');
-    const showBackdropAttr = el.getAttribute?.('show-backdrop');
-    const focusTrapDisabled = el.focusTrap === false || focusTrapAttr === 'false';
-    const backdropDisabled = el.showBackdrop === false || showBackdropAttr === 'false';
-    return el.tagName !== 'ION-TOAST' && !focusTrapDisabled && !backdropDisabled;
+    const el = o as OverlayWithFocusTrapProps;
+    return el.tagName !== 'ION-TOAST' && el.focusTrap !== false && isBackdropAlwaysBlocking(el);
   });
-  const overlayEl = overlay.el as HTMLIonOverlayElement & {
-    focusTrap?: boolean;
-    showBackdrop?: boolean;
-  };
-  const focusTrapAttr = overlayEl.getAttribute?.('focus-trap');
-  const showBackdropAttr = overlayEl.getAttribute?.('show-backdrop');
-  const focusTrapDisabled = overlayEl.focusTrap === false || focusTrapAttr === 'false';
-  const backdropDisabled = overlayEl.showBackdrop === false || showBackdropAttr === 'false';
-  const locksRoot = overlayEl.tagName !== 'ION-TOAST' && !focusTrapDisabled && !backdropDisabled;
+  const overlayEl = overlay.el as OverlayWithFocusTrapProps;
+  const locksRoot =
+    overlayEl.tagName !== 'ION-TOAST' && overlayEl.focusTrap !== false && isBackdropAlwaysBlocking(overlayEl);
 
   /**
    * If this is the last visible overlay that is trapping focus

core/src/utils/test/overlays/overlays-scroll-blocking.spec.ts

@@ -37,26 +37,6 @@ describe('overlays: scroll blocking', () => {
     expect(body).not.toHaveClass('backdrop-no-scroll');
   });
 
-  it('should not block scroll when focus-trap attribute is set to "false"', async () => {
-    const page = await newSpecPage({
-      components: [Modal],
-      html: `
-        <ion-modal focus-trap="false"></ion-modal>
-      `,
-    });
-
-    const modal = page.body.querySelector('ion-modal')!;
-    const body = page.doc.querySelector('body')!;
-
-    await modal.present();
-
-    expect(body).not.toHaveClass('backdrop-no-scroll');
-
-    await modal.dismiss();
-
-    expect(body).not.toHaveClass('backdrop-no-scroll');
-  });
-
   it('should not block scroll when the overlay is dismissed', async () => {
     const page = await newSpecPage({
       components: [Modal],

core/src/utils/test/playwright/page/utils/set-content.ts

@@ -102,6 +102,13 @@ export const setContent = async (page: Page, html: string, testInfo: TestInfo, o
       }
     });
 
+    /**
+     * URL query parameters cause the custom Playwright `page.route`
+     * interceptor to fail, which is necessary to inject the test HTML.
+     *
+     * To avoid this, the final navigation URL is kept simple by using
+     * hash params to ensure the route interceptor always works.
+     */
     await page.goto(`${baseUrl}#`, options);
   }
 };

core/src/utils/test/playwright/page/utils/spy-on-event.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,40 @@ import type { E2EPage } from '../../playwright-declarations';
 import { addE2EListener, EventSpy } from '../event-spy';
 
 export const spyOnEvent = async (page: E2EPage, eventName: string): Promise<EventSpy> => {
+  /**
+   * Tabbing out of the page boundary can lead to unreliable `ionBlur events,
+   * particularly in Firefox.
+   *
+   * This occurs because Playwright may incorrectly maintain focus state on the
+   * last element, even after a Tab press attempts to shift focus outside the
+   * viewport. To reliably trigger the necessary blur event, add a visually
+   * hidden, focusable element at the end of the page to receive focus instead of
+   * the browser.
+   *
+   * Playwright issue reference:
+   * https://github.com/microsoft/playwright/issues/32269
+   */
+  if (eventName === 'ionBlur') {
+    const hiddenInput = await page.$('#hidden-input-for-ion-blur');
+    if (!hiddenInput) {
+      await page.evaluate(() => {
+        const input = document.createElement('input');
+        input.id = 'hidden-input-for-ion-blur';
+        input.style.position = 'absolute';
+        input.style.opacity = '0';
+        input.style.height = '0';
+        input.style.width = '0';
+        input.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
+        document.body.appendChild(input);
+
+        // Clean up the element when the page is unloaded.
+        window.addEventListener('unload', () => {
+          input.remove();
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
   const spy = new EventSpy(eventName);
 
   const handle = await page.evaluateHandle(() => window);

core/src/utils/transition/index.ts

@@ -18,34 +18,51 @@ const focusController = createFocusController();
 
 // TODO(FW-2832): types
 
+/**
+ * Executes the main page transition.
+ * It also manages the lifecycle of header visibility (if any)
+ * to prevent visual flickering in iOS. The flickering only
+ * occurs for a condensed header that is placed above the content.
+ *
+ * @param opts Options for the transition.
+ * @returns A promise that resolves when the transition is complete.
+ */
 export const transition = (opts: TransitionOptions): Promise<TransitionResult> => {
   return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
     writeTask(() => {
-      beforeTransition(opts);
-      runTransition(opts).then(
-        (result) => {
-          if (result.animation) {
-            result.animation.destroy();
+      const transitioningInactiveHeader = getIosIonHeader(opts);
+      beforeTransition(opts, transitioningInactiveHeader);
+      runTransition(opts)
+        .then(
+          (result) => {
+            if (result.animation) {
+              result.animation.destroy();
+            }
+            afterTransition(opts);
+            resolve(result);
+          },
+          (error) => {
+            afterTransition(opts);
+            reject(error);
           }
-          afterTransition(opts);
-          resolve(result);
-        },
-        (error) => {
-          afterTransition(opts);
-          reject(error);
-        }
-      );
+        )
+        .finally(() => {
+          // Ensure that the header is restored to its original state.
+          setHeaderTransitionClass(transitioningInactiveHeader, false);
+        });
     });
   });
 };
 
-const beforeTransition = (opts: TransitionOptions) => {
+const beforeTransition = (opts: TransitionOptions, transitioningInactiveHeader: HTMLElement | null) => {
   const enteringEl = opts.enteringEl;
   const leavingEl = opts.leavingEl;
 
   focusController.saveViewFocus(leavingEl);
 
   setZIndex(enteringEl, leavingEl, opts.direction);
+  // Prevent flickering of the header by adding a class.
+  setHeaderTransitionClass(transitioningInactiveHeader, true);
 
   if (opts.showGoBack) {
     enteringEl.classList.add('can-go-back');
@@ -278,6 +295,40 @@ const setZIndex = (
   }
 };
 
+/**
+ * Add a class to ensure that the header (if any)
+ * does not flicker during the transition. By adding the
+ * transitioning class, we ensure that the header has
+ * the necessary styles to prevent the following flickers:
+ * 1. When entering a page with a condensed header, the
+ * header should never be visible. However,
+ * it briefly renders the background color while
+ * the transition is occurring.
+ * 2. When leaving a page with a condensed header, the
+ * header has an opacity of 0 and the pages
+ * have a z-index which causes the entering page to
+ * briefly show it's content underneath the leaving page.
+ * 3. When entering a page or leaving a page with a fade
+ * header, the header should not have a background color.
+ * However, it briefly shows the background color while
+ * the transition is occurring.
+ *
+ * @param header The header element to modify.
+ * @param isTransitioning Whether the transition is occurring.
+ */
+const setHeaderTransitionClass = (header: HTMLElement | null, isTransitioning: boolean) => {
+  if (!header) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const transitionClass = 'header-transitioning';
+  if (isTransitioning) {
+    header.classList.add(transitionClass);
+  } else {
+    header.classList.remove(transitionClass);
+  }
+};
+
 export const getIonPageElement = (element: HTMLElement) => {
   if (element.classList.contains('ion-page')) {
     return element;
@@ -291,6 +342,32 @@ export const getIonPageElement = (element: HTMLElement) => {
   return element;
 };
 
+/**
+ * Retrieves the ion-header element from a page based on the
+ * direction of the transition.
+ *
+ * @param opts Options for the transition.
+ * @returns The ion-header element or null if not found or not in 'ios' mode.
+ */
+const getIosIonHeader = (opts: TransitionOptions): HTMLElement | null => {
+  const enteringEl = opts.enteringEl;
+  const leavingEl = opts.leavingEl;
+  const direction = opts.direction;
+  const mode = opts.mode;
+
+  if (mode !== 'ios') {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const element = direction === 'back' ? leavingEl : enteringEl;
+
+  if (!element) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  return element.querySelector('ion-header');
+};
+
 export interface TransitionOptions extends NavOptions {
   progressCallback?: (ani: Animation | undefined) => void;
   baseEl: any;

docs/core/testing/usage-instructions.md

@@ -186,7 +186,21 @@ test.describe.only('group of tests', () => {
 > [!IMPORTANT]
 > After debugging, make sure to remove the `.only` suffix to ensure all tests run again during normal execution.
 
-#### 3. Pausing Test Execution
+#### 3. Repeating Tests to Reproduce Flaky Failures
+
+Flaky tests may not fail consistently. To help reproduce intermittent failures locally, you can use Playwright's `--repeat-each` flag to run the same test multiple times in a row.
+
+This is especially useful when CI reports a failure you cannot reproduce on your first local run.
+
+**Example:**
+
+```shell
+npm run test.e2e.docker.update-snapshots src/components/radio/test/a11y/radio.e2e.ts -- --repeat-each=10
+```
+
+This runs the test 10 times, increasing the chance of catching the flaky behavior.
+
+#### 4. Pausing Test Execution
 
 Additionally, you can pause execution of a test by using the `page.pause()` method. This pauses the script execution and allows you to manually inspect the page in the browser.
 

lerna.json

@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@
     "core",
     "packages/*"
   ],
-  "version": "8.7.5"
+  "version": "8.7.13"
 }

packages/angular-server/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -3,6 +3,70 @@
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 See [Conventional Commits](https://conventionalcommits.org) for commit guidelines.
 
+## [8.7.13](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.12...v8.7.13) (2025-12-13)
+
+**Note:** Version bump only for package @ionic/angular-server
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.12](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.11...v8.7.12) (2025-12-10)
+
+**Note:** Version bump only for package @ionic/angular-server
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.11](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.10...v8.7.11) (2025-11-26)
+
+**Note:** Version bump only for package @ionic/angular-server
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.10](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.9...v8.7.10) (2025-11-19)
+
+**Note:** Version bump only for package @ionic/angular-server
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.9](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.8...v8.7.9) (2025-11-05)
+
+**Note:** Version bump only for package @ionic/angular-server
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.8](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.7...v8.7.8) (2025-10-29)
+
+**Note:** Version bump only for package @ionic/angular-server
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.7](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.6...v8.7.7) (2025-10-15)
+
+**Note:** Version bump only for package @ionic/angular-server
+
+
+
+
+
+## [8.7.6](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.5...v8.7.6) (2025-10-08)
+
+**Note:** Version bump only for package @ionic/angular-server
+
+
+
+
+
 ## [8.7.5](https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/compare/v8.7.4...v8.7.5) (2025-09-24)
 
 **Note:** Version bump only for package @ionic/angular-server