feat(themes): enable all palettes (#30874)

Issue number: internal

---------

<!-- Please do not submit updates to dependencies unless it fixes an
issue. -->

<!-- Please try to limit your pull request to one type (bugfix, feature,
etc). Submit multiple pull requests if needed. -->

## What is the current behavior?
<!-- Please describe the current behavior that you are modifying. -->

The new theming structure does not allow high contrast and high contrast
dark to render properly. This can be seen when running a test that uses
`set-content`.

## What is the new behavior?
<!-- Please describe the behavior or changes that are being added by
this PR. -->

- High contrast and high contrast dark have been enabled to the testing
environments
- The theme files for high contrast and high contrast dark have been
added under `themes`.

## Does this introduce a breaking change?

- [x] Yes
- [ ] No

<!--
  If this introduces a breaking change:
1. Describe the impact and migration path for existing applications
below.
  2. Update the BREAKING.md file with the breaking change.
3. Add "BREAKING CHANGE: [...]" to the commit description when merging.
See
https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/blob/main/docs/CONTRIBUTING.md#footer
for more information.
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## Other information

<!-- Any other information that is important to this PR such as
screenshots of how the component looks before and after the change. -->

[Colors
preview](https://ionic-framework-git-set-content-ionic1.vercel.app/src/themes/test/color/)

How to test:
1. Verify that tests related to palettes are passing especially those
that use `setContent`
2. Verify that the preview page renders the right colors for each
possible variation of palettes and themes

---------

Co-authored-by: ionitron <hi@ionicframework.com>
Co-authored-by: Brandy Smith <brandyscarney@users.noreply.github.com>

core/scripts/testing/scripts.js

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  */
 
 const DEFAULT_THEME = 'md';
+const DEFAULT_PALETTE = 'light';
 
 (function() {
   
@@ -88,17 +89,33 @@ const DEFAULT_THEME = 'md';
    * or `high-contrast-dark`. Default to `light` for tests.
    */
   const validPalettes = ['light', 'dark', 'high-contrast', 'high-contrast-dark'];
+
+  const configDarkMode = window.Ionic?.config?.customTheme?.palette?.dark?.enabled === 'always' ? 'dark' : null;
+  const configHighContrastMode = window.Ionic?.config?.customTheme?.palette?.highContrast?.enabled === 'always' ? 'high-contrast' : null;
+  const configHighContrastDarkMode = window.Ionic?.config?.customTheme?.palette?.highContrastDark?.enabled === 'always' ? 'high-contrast-dark' : null;
+  /**
+   * Ensure window.Ionic.config is defined before importing 'testing/scripts'
+   * in the test HTML to properly initialize the palette configuration below.
+   * 
+   * Example:
+   * <script>
+   *    window.Ionic = { config: { customTheme: { palette: { ... } } } };
+   * </script>
+   * <script src="testing/scripts.js"></script>
+   */
+  const configPalette = configDarkMode || configHighContrastMode || configHighContrastDarkMode;
   const paletteQuery = window.location.search.match(/palette=([a-z-]+)/);
   const paletteHash = window.location.hash.match(/palette=([a-z-]+)/);
   const darkClass = document.body?.classList.contains('ion-palette-dark') ? 'dark' : null;
   const highContrastClass = document.body?.classList.contains('ion-palette-high-contrast') ? 'high-contrast' : null;
   const highContrastDarkClass = darkClass && highContrastClass ? 'high-contrast-dark' : null;
+  const paletteClass = highContrastDarkClass || highContrastClass || darkClass;
 
-  let paletteName = paletteQuery?.[1] || paletteHash?.[1] || highContrastDarkClass || darkClass || highContrastClass || 'light';
+  let paletteName = configPalette || paletteQuery?.[1] || paletteHash?.[1] || paletteClass || DEFAULT_PALETTE;
 
   if (!validPalettes.includes(paletteName)) {
     console.warn(`Invalid palette name: '${paletteName}'. Falling back to 'light' palette.`);
-    paletteName = 'light';
+    paletteName = DEFAULT_PALETTE;
   }
 
   // Load theme tokens if the theme is valid
@@ -119,8 +136,15 @@ const DEFAULT_THEME = 'md';
 
       // If a specific palette is requested, modify the palette structure
       // to set the enabled property to 'always'
+      // TODO(FW-4004): Implement dark palette
       if (paletteName === 'dark' && theme.palette?.dark) {
         theme.palette.dark.enabled = 'always';
+      // TODO(FW-4005): Implement high contrast palette
+      } else if (paletteName === 'high-contrast' && theme.palette?.highContrast) {
+        theme.palette.highContrast.enabled = 'always';
+      // TODO(FW-4005): Implement high contrast dark palette
+      } else if (paletteName === 'high-contrast-dark' && theme.palette?.highContrastDark) {
+        theme.palette.highContrastDark.enabled = 'always';
       }
 
       // Apply the theme tokens to Ionic config

core/src/components/modal/test/dark-mode/index.html

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+<!-- TODO(FW-4004): Remove page and test it through the basic page tests -->
+
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en" dir="ltr">
   <head>
@@ -10,6 +12,21 @@
     <link href="../../../../../css/ionic.bundle.css" rel="stylesheet" />
     <link href="../../../../../css/palettes/dark.always.css" rel="stylesheet" />
     <link href="../../../../../scripts/testing/styles.css" rel="stylesheet" />
+    <script>
+      // Need to be called before loading Ionic else
+      // the scripts.js logic runs too early.
+      window.Ionic = {
+        config: {
+          customTheme: {
+            palette: {
+              dark: {
+                enabled: 'always',
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      };
+    </script>
     <script src="../../../../../scripts/testing/scripts.js"></script>
     <script nomodule src="../../../../../dist/ionic/ionic.js"></script>
     <script type="module" src="../../../../../dist/ionic/ionic.esm.js"></script>

core/src/components/toast/test/a11y/toast.e2e.ts

@@ -236,7 +236,8 @@ configs({ directions: ['ltr'] }).forEach(({ title, screenshot, config }) => {
  */
 configs({ directions: ['ltr'], palettes: ['high-contrast-dark', 'high-contrast'] }).forEach(
   ({ title, config, screenshot }) => {
-    test.describe(title('toast: high contrast: buttons'), () => {
+    // TODO(FW-4005): Once high contrast themes are fully implemented in ionic modular, remove the skips from these tests
+    test.describe.skip(title('toast: high contrast: buttons'), () => {
       test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
         await page.setContent(
           `

core/src/themes/base/default.tokens.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import type { DefaultTheme } from '../themes.interfaces';
 
 import { darkTheme } from './dark.tokens';
+import { highContrastDarkTheme } from './high-contrast-dark.tokens';
+import { highContrastTheme } from './high-contrast.tokens';
 import { lightTheme } from './light.tokens';
 
 export const defaultTheme: DefaultTheme = {
@@ -9,6 +11,8 @@ export const defaultTheme: DefaultTheme = {
   palette: {
     light: lightTheme,
     dark: darkTheme,
+    highContrast: highContrastTheme,
+    highContrastDark: highContrastDarkTheme,
   },
 
   config: {

core/src/themes/base/high-contrast-dark.tokens.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+import { mix } from '../../utils/theme';
+import type { HighContrastDarkTheme } from '../themes.interfaces';
+
+const colors = {
+  primary: '#7cabff',
+  secondary: '#62bdff',
+  tertiary: '#b6b9f9',
+  success: '#4ada71',
+  warning: '#ffce31',
+  danger: '#fc9aa2',
+  light: '#222428',
+  medium: '#a8aab3',
+  dark: '#f4f5f8',
+};
+
+export const highContrastDarkTheme: HighContrastDarkTheme = {
+  enabled: 'never',
+  color: {
+    primary: {
+      bold: {
+        base: colors.primary,
+        contrast: '#000',
+        foreground: colors.primary,
+        shade: mix(colors.primary, '#000', '12%'),
+        tint: mix(colors.primary, '#fff', '10%'),
+      },
+      subtle: {
+        base: mix('#fff', colors.primary, '8%'),
+        contrast: colors.primary,
+        foreground: mix(colors.primary, '#000', '12%'),
+        shade: mix('#fff', colors.primary, '12%'),
+        tint: mix('#fff', colors.primary, '4%'),
+      },
+    },
+    secondary: {
+      bold: {
+        base: colors.secondary,
+        contrast: '#000',
+        foreground: colors.secondary,
+        shade: mix(colors.secondary, '#000', '12%'),
+        tint: mix(colors.secondary, '#fff', '10%'),
+      },
+      subtle: {
+        base: mix('#fff', colors.secondary, '8%'),
+        contrast: colors.secondary,
+        foreground: mix(colors.secondary, '#000', '12%'),
+        shade: mix('#fff', colors.secondary, '12%'),
+        tint: mix('#fff', colors.secondary, '4%'),
+      },
+    },
+    tertiary: {
+      bold: {
+        base: colors.tertiary,
+        contrast: '#000',
+        foreground: colors.tertiary,
+        shade: mix(colors.tertiary, '#000', '12%'),
+        tint: mix(colors.tertiary, '#fff', '10%'),
+      },
+      subtle: {
+        base: mix('#fff', colors.tertiary, '8%'),
+        contrast: colors.tertiary,
+        foreground: mix(colors.tertiary, '#000', '12%'),
+        shade: mix('#fff', colors.tertiary, '12%'),
+        tint: mix('#fff', colors.tertiary, '4%'),
+      },
+    },
+    success: {
+      bold: {
+        base: colors.success,
+        contrast: '#000',
+        foreground: colors.success,
+        shade: mix(colors.success, '#000', '12%'),
+        tint: mix(colors.success, '#fff', '10%'),
+      },
+      subtle: {
+        base: mix('#fff', colors.success, '8%'),
+        contrast: colors.success,
+        foreground: mix(colors.success, '#000', '12%'),
+        shade: mix('#fff', colors.success, '12%'),
+        tint: mix('#fff', colors.success, '4%'),
+      },
+    },
+    warning: {
+      bold: {
+        base: colors.warning,
+        contrast: '#000',
+        foreground: colors.warning,
+        shade: mix(colors.warning, '#000', '12%'),
+        tint: mix(colors.warning, '#fff', '10%'),
+      },
+      subtle: {
+        base: mix('#fff', colors.warning, '8%'),
+        contrast: colors.warning,
+        foreground: mix(colors.warning, '#000', '12%'),
+        shade: mix('#fff', colors.warning, '12%'),
+        tint: mix('#fff', colors.warning, '4%'),
+      },
+    },
+    danger: {
+      bold: {
+        base: colors.danger,
+        contrast: '#000',
+        foreground: colors.danger,
+        shade: mix(colors.danger, '#000', '12%'),
+        tint: mix(colors.danger, '#fff', '10%'),
+      },
+      subtle: {
+        base: mix('#fff', colors.danger, '8%'),
+        contrast: colors.danger,
+        foreground: mix(colors.danger, '#000', '12%'),
+        shade: mix('#fff', colors.danger, '12%'),
+        tint: mix('#fff', colors.danger, '4%'),
+      },
+    },
+    light: {
+      bold: {
+        base: colors.light,
+        contrast: '#fff',
+        foreground: colors.light,
+        shade: mix(colors.light, '#000', '12%'),
+        tint: mix(colors.light, '#fff', '10%'),
+      },
+      subtle: {
+        base: mix('#fff', colors.light, '8%'),
+        contrast: colors.light,
+        foreground: mix(colors.light, '#000', '12%'),
+        shade: mix('#fff', colors.light, '12%'),
+        tint: mix('#fff', colors.light, '4%'),
+      },
+    },
+    medium: {
+      bold: {
+        base: colors.medium,
+        contrast: '#000',
+        foreground: colors.medium,
+        shade: mix(colors.medium, '#000', '12%'),
+        tint: mix(colors.medium, '#fff', '10%'),
+      },
+      subtle: {
+        base: mix('#fff', colors.medium, '8%'),
+        contrast: colors.medium,
+        foreground: mix(colors.medium, '#000', '12%'),
+        shade: mix('#fff', colors.medium, '12%'),
+        tint: mix('#fff', colors.medium, '4%'),
+      },
+    },
+    dark: {
+      bold: {
+        base: colors.dark,
+        contrast: '#000',
+        foreground: colors.dark,
+        shade: mix(colors.dark, '#000', '12%'),
+        tint: mix(colors.dark, '#fff', '10%'),
+      },
+      subtle: {
+        base: mix('#fff', colors.dark, '8%'),
+        contrast: colors.dark,
+        foreground: mix(colors.dark, '#000', '12%'),
+        shade: mix('#fff', colors.dark, '12%'),
+        tint: mix('#fff', colors.dark, '4%'),
+      },
+    },
+  },
+
+  backgroundColor: '#000000',
+  backgroundColorRgb: '0, 0, 0',
+  textColor: '#ffffff',
+  textColorRgb: '255, 255, 255',
+
+  backgroundColorStep: {
+    50: '#0d0d0d',
+    100: '#1a1a1a',
+    150: '#262626',
+    200: '#333333',
+    250: '#404040',
+    300: '#4d4d4d',
+    350: '#595959',
+    400: '#666666',
+    450: '#737373',
+    500: '#808080',
+    550: '#8c8c8c',
+    600: '#999999',
+    650: '#a6a6a6',
+    700: '#b3b3b3',
+    750: '#bfbfbf',
+    800: '#cccccc',
+    850: '#d9d9d9',
+    900: '#e6e6e6',
+    950: '#f2f2f2',
+  },
+
+  textColorStep: {
+    50: '#f9f9f9',
+    100: '#f3f3f3',
+    150: '#ededed',
+    200: '#e7e7e7',
+    250: '#e1e1e1',
+    300: '#dbdbdb',
+    350: '#d5d5d5',
+    400: '#cfcfcf',
+    450: '#c9c9c9',
+    500: '#c4c4c4',
+    550: '#bebebe',
+    600: '#b8b8b8',
+    650: '#b2b2b2',
+    700: '#acacac',
+    750: '#a6a6a6',
+    800: '#a0a0a0',
+    850: '#9a9a9a',
+    900: '#949494',
+    950: '#8e8e8e',
+  },
+};

core/src/themes/base/high-contrast.tokens.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+import { mix } from '../../utils/theme';
+import type { HighContrastTheme } from '../themes.interfaces';
+
+const colors = {
+  primary: '#003fae',
+  secondary: '#01487b',
+  tertiary: '#3400e6',
+  success: '#004314',
+  warning: '#5f4100',
+  danger: '#9c000c',
+  light: '#f4f5f8',
+  medium: '#444446',
+  dark: '#222428',
+};
+
+export const highContrastTheme: HighContrastTheme = {
+  enabled: 'never',
+  color: {
+    primary: {
+      bold: {
+        base: colors.primary,
+        contrast: '#fff',
+        foreground: colors.primary,
+        shade: mix(colors.primary, '#000', '12%'),
+        tint: mix(colors.primary, '#fff', '10%'),
+      },
+      subtle: {
+        base: mix('#fff', colors.primary, '8%'),
+        contrast: colors.primary,
+        foreground: mix(colors.primary, '#000', '12%'),
+        shade: mix('#fff', colors.primary, '12%'),
+        tint: mix('#fff', colors.primary, '4%'),
+      },
+    },
+    secondary: {
+      bold: {
+        base: colors.secondary,
+        contrast: '#fff',
+        foreground: colors.secondary,
+        shade: mix(colors.secondary, '#000', '12%'),
+        tint: mix(colors.secondary, '#fff', '10%'),
+      },
+      subtle: {
+        base: mix('#fff', colors.secondary, '8%'),
+        contrast: colors.secondary,
+        foreground: mix(colors.secondary, '#000', '12%'),
+        shade: mix('#fff', colors.secondary, '12%'),
+        tint: mix('#fff', colors.secondary, '4%'),
+      },
+    },
+    tertiary: {
+      bold: {
+        base: colors.tertiary,
+        contrast: '#fff',
+        foreground: colors.tertiary,
+        shade: mix(colors.tertiary, '#000', '12%'),
+        tint: mix(colors.tertiary, '#fff', '10%'),
+      },
+      subtle: {
+        base: mix('#fff', colors.tertiary, '8%'),
+        contrast: colors.tertiary,
+        foreground: mix(colors.tertiary, '#000', '12%'),
+        shade: mix('#fff', colors.tertiary, '12%'),
+        tint: mix('#fff', colors.tertiary, '4%'),
+      },
+    },
+    success: {
+      bold: {
+        base: colors.success,
+        contrast: '#fff',
+        foreground: colors.success,
+        shade: mix(colors.success, '#000', '12%'),
+        tint: mix(colors.success, '#fff', '10%'),
+      },
+      subtle: {
+        base: mix('#fff', colors.success, '8%'),
+        contrast: colors.success,
+        foreground: mix(colors.success, '#000', '12%'),
+        shade: mix('#fff', colors.success, '12%'),
+        tint: mix('#fff', colors.success, '4%'),
+      },
+    },
+    warning: {
+      bold: {
+        base: colors.warning,
+        contrast: '#fff',
+        foreground: colors.warning,
+        shade: mix(colors.warning, '#000', '12%'),
+        tint: mix(colors.warning, '#fff', '10%'),
+      },
+      subtle: {
+        base: mix('#fff', colors.warning, '8%'),
+        contrast: colors.warning,
+        foreground: mix(colors.warning, '#000', '12%'),
+        shade: mix('#fff', colors.warning, '12%'),
+        tint: mix('#fff', colors.warning, '4%'),
+      },
+    },
+    danger: {
+      bold: {
+        base: colors.danger,
+        contrast: '#fff',
+        foreground: colors.danger,
+        shade: mix(colors.danger, '#000', '12%'),
+        tint: mix(colors.danger, '#fff', '10%'),
+      },
+      subtle: {
+        base: mix('#fff', colors.danger, '8%'),
+        contrast: colors.danger,
+        foreground: mix(colors.danger, '#000', '12%'),
+        shade: mix('#fff', colors.danger, '12%'),
+        tint: mix('#fff', colors.danger, '4%'),
+      },
+    },
+    light: {
+      bold: {
+        base: colors.light,
+        contrast: '#000',
+        foreground: colors.light,
+        shade: mix(colors.light, '#000', '12%'),
+        tint: mix(colors.light, '#fff', '10%'),
+      },
+      subtle: {
+        base: mix('#fff', colors.light, '8%'),
+        contrast: colors.light,
+        foreground: mix(colors.light, '#000', '12%'),
+        shade: mix('#fff', colors.light, '12%'),
+        tint: mix('#fff', colors.light, '4%'),
+      },
+    },
+    medium: {
+      bold: {
+        base: colors.medium,
+        contrast: '#fff',
+        foreground: colors.medium,
+        shade: mix(colors.medium, '#000', '12%'),
+        tint: mix(colors.medium, '#fff', '10%'),
+      },
+      subtle: {
+        base: mix('#fff', colors.medium, '8%'),
+        contrast: colors.medium,
+        foreground: mix(colors.medium, '#000', '12%'),
+        shade: mix('#fff', colors.medium, '12%'),
+        tint: mix('#fff', colors.medium, '4%'),
+      },
+    },
+    dark: {
+      bold: {
+        base: colors.dark,
+        contrast: '#fff',
+        foreground: colors.dark,
+        shade: mix(colors.dark, '#000', '12%'),
+        tint: mix(colors.dark, '#fff', '10%'),
+      },
+      subtle: {
+        base: mix('#fff', colors.dark, '8%'),
+        contrast: colors.dark,
+        foreground: mix(colors.dark, '#000', '12%'),
+        shade: mix('#fff', colors.dark, '12%'),
+        tint: mix('#fff', colors.dark, '4%'),
+      },
+    },
+  },
+
+  backgroundColor: '#ffffff',
+  backgroundColorRgb: '255, 255, 255',
+  textColor: '#000000',
+  textColorRgb: '0, 0, 0',
+
+  backgroundColorStep: {
+    50: '#818181',
+    100: '#7a7a7a',
+    150: '#747474',
+    200: '#6d6d6d',
+    250: '#666666',
+    300: '#5f5f5f',
+    350: '#585858',
+    400: '#525252',
+    450: '#4b4b4b',
+    500: '#444444',
+    550: '#3d3d3d',
+    600: '#363636',
+    650: '#303030',
+    700: '#292929',
+    750: '#222222',
+    800: '#1b1b1b',
+    850: '#141414',
+    900: '#0e0e0e',
+    950: '#070707',
+  },
+
+  textColorStep: {
+    50: '#070707',
+    100: '#0e0e0e',
+    150: '#141414',
+    200: '#1b1b1b',
+    250: '#222222',
+    300: '#292929',
+    350: '#303030',
+    400: '#363636',
+    450: '#3d3d3d',
+    500: '#444444',
+    550: '#4b4b4b',
+    600: '#525252',
+    650: '#585858',
+    700: '#5f5f5f',
+    750: '#666666',
+    800: '#6d6d6d',
+    850: '#747474',
+    900: '#7a7a7a',
+    950: '#818181',
+  },
+};

core/src/themes/ios/default.tokens.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import { defaultTheme as baseDefaultTheme } from '../base/default.tokens';
 import type { DefaultTheme } from '../themes.interfaces';
 
 import { darkTheme } from './dark.tokens';
+import { highContrastDarkTheme } from './high-contrast-dark.tokens';
+import { highContrastTheme } from './high-contrast.tokens';
 import { lightTheme } from './light.tokens';
 
 export const defaultTheme: DefaultTheme = {
@@ -12,6 +14,8 @@ export const defaultTheme: DefaultTheme = {
   palette: {
     light: lightTheme,
     dark: darkTheme,
+    highContrast: highContrastTheme,
+    highContrastDark: highContrastDarkTheme,
   },
 
   fontFamily: '-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "Roboto", sans-serif',

core/src/themes/ios/high-contrast-dark.tokens.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import { highContrastDarkTheme as baseHighContrastDarkTheme } from '../base/high-contrast-dark.tokens';
+import type { HighContrastDarkTheme } from '../themes.interfaces';
+
+export const highContrastDarkTheme: HighContrastDarkTheme = {
+  ...baseHighContrastDarkTheme,
+};

core/src/themes/ios/high-contrast.tokens.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import { highContrastTheme as baseHighContrastTheme } from '../base/high-contrast.tokens';
+import type { HighContrastTheme } from '../themes.interfaces';
+
+export const highContrastTheme: HighContrastTheme = {
+  ...baseHighContrastTheme,
+
+  backgroundColor: '#ffffff',
+  textColor: '#000000',
+
+  backgroundColorStep: {
+    50: '#818181',
+    100: '#7a7a7a',
+    150: '#747474',
+    200: '#6d6d6d',
+    250: '#666666',
+    300: '#5f5f5f',
+    350: '#585858',
+    400: '#525252',
+    450: '#4b4b4b',
+    500: '#444444',
+    550: '#3d3d3d',
+    600: '#363636',
+    650: '#303030',
+    700: '#292929',
+    750: '#222222',
+    800: '#1b1b1b',
+    850: '#141414',
+    900: '#0e0e0e',
+    950: '#070707',
+  },
+
+  textColorStep: {
+    50: '#070707',
+    100: '#0e0e0e',
+    150: '#141414',
+    200: '#1b1b1b',
+    250: '#222222',
+    300: '#292929',
+    350: '#303030',
+    400: '#363636',
+    450: '#3d3d3d',
+    500: '#444444',
+    550: '#4b4b4b',
+    600: '#525252',
+    650: '#585858',
+    700: '#5f5f5f',
+    750: '#666666',
+    800: '#6d6d6d',
+    850: '#747474',
+    900: '#7a7a7a',
+    950: '#818181',
+  },
+};

core/src/themes/md/dark.tokens.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,11 @@ export const darkTheme: DarkTheme = {
   textColor: '#ffffff',
   textColorRgb: '255, 255, 255',
 
+  // TODO(FW-6864): Remove once IonToolbar themes are added
+  toolbar: {
+    background: '#1f1f1f',
+  },
+
   backgroundColorStep: {
     50: '#1e1e1e',
     100: '#2a2a2a',

core/src/themes/md/default.tokens.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import { defaultTheme as baseDefaultTheme } from '../base/default.tokens';
 import type { DefaultTheme } from '../themes.interfaces';
 
 import { darkTheme } from './dark.tokens';
+import { highContrastDarkTheme } from './high-contrast-dark.tokens';
+import { highContrastTheme } from './high-contrast.tokens';
 import { lightTheme } from './light.tokens';
 
 export const defaultTheme: DefaultTheme = {
@@ -12,6 +14,8 @@ export const defaultTheme: DefaultTheme = {
   palette: {
     light: lightTheme,
     dark: darkTheme,
+    highContrast: highContrastTheme,
+    highContrastDark: highContrastDarkTheme,
   },
 
   config: {

core/src/themes/md/high-contrast-dark.tokens.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { highContrastDarkTheme as baseHighContrastDarkTheme } from '../base/high-contrast-dark.tokens';
+import type { HighContrastDarkTheme } from '../themes.interfaces';
+
+export const highContrastDarkTheme: HighContrastDarkTheme = {
+  ...baseHighContrastDarkTheme,
+
+  backgroundColor: '#121212',
+  textColor: '#000000',
+
+  // TODO(FW-6864): Remove once IonToolbar themes are added
+  toolbar: {
+    background: '#1f1f1f',
+  },
+
+  backgroundColorStep: {
+    50: '#1e1e1e',
+    100: '#2a2a2a',
+    150: '#363636',
+    200: '#414141',
+    250: '#4d4d4d',
+    300: '#595959',
+    350: '#656565',
+    400: '#717171',
+    450: '#7d7d7d',
+    500: '#898989',
+    550: '#949494',
+    600: '#a0a0a0',
+    650: '#acacac',
+    700: '#b8b8b8',
+    750: '#c4c4c4',
+    800: '#d0d0d0',
+    850: '#dbdbdb',
+    900: '#e7e7e7',
+    950: '#f3f3f3',
+  },
+};

core/src/themes/md/high-contrast.tokens.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import { highContrastTheme as baseHighContrastTheme } from '../base/high-contrast.tokens';
+import type { HighContrastTheme } from '../themes.interfaces';
+
+export const highContrastTheme: HighContrastTheme = {
+  ...baseHighContrastTheme,
+
+  backgroundColor: '#ffffff',
+  textColor: '#000000',
+
+  backgroundColorStep: {
+    50: '#818181',
+    100: '#7a7a7a',
+    150: '#747474',
+    200: '#6d6d6d',
+    250: '#666666',
+    300: '#5f5f5f',
+    350: '#585858',
+    400: '#525252',
+    450: '#4b4b4b',
+    500: '#444444',
+    550: '#3d3d3d',
+    600: '#363636',
+    650: '#303030',
+    700: '#292929',
+    750: '#222222',
+    800: '#1b1b1b',
+    850: '#141414',
+    900: '#0e0e0e',
+    950: '#070707',
+  },
+
+  textColorStep: {
+    50: '#070707',
+    100: '#0e0e0e',
+    150: '#141414',
+    200: '#1b1b1b',
+    250: '#222222',
+    300: '#292929',
+    350: '#303030',
+    400: '#363636',
+    450: '#3d3d3d',
+    500: '#444444',
+    550: '#4b4b4b',
+    600: '#525252',
+    650: '#585858',
+    700: '#5f5f5f',
+    750: '#666666',
+    800: '#6d6d6d',
+    850: '#747474',
+    900: '#7a7a7a',
+    950: '#818181',
+  },
+};

core/src/themes/native/test/css-variables/index.html

@@ -974,7 +974,7 @@
       function togglePalette(palette) {
         // The path to the directory containing the
         // custom palette files for this test
-        var paletteFilesDir = '/src/themes/test/css-variables/css';
+        var paletteFilesDir = '/src/themes/native/test/css-variables/css';
         let modifier = '';
 
         // The default and dark palettes are official Ionic

core/src/themes/themes.interfaces.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ export type BaseTheme = {
     [key: string]: string;
   };
 
+  // TODO(FW-6864): Remove once IonToolbar themes are added
+  toolbar?: any;
+
   // SPACE TOKENS
   spacing?: {
     0?: string;
@@ -247,6 +250,16 @@ export type DarkTheme = BaseTheme & {
   enabled: 'system' | 'always' | 'never' | 'class';
 };
 
+// High Contrast theme interface
+export type HighContrastTheme = BaseTheme & {
+  enabled: 'system' | 'always' | 'never' | 'class';
+};
+
+// High Contrast Dark theme interface
+export type HighContrastDarkTheme = BaseTheme & {
+  enabled: 'system' | 'always' | 'never' | 'class';
+};
+
 // Light theme interface
 export type LightTheme = BaseTheme;
 
@@ -257,6 +270,8 @@ export type DefaultTheme = BaseTheme & {
   palette?: {
     light?: LightTheme;
     dark?: DarkTheme;
+    highContrast?: HighContrastTheme;
+    highContrastDark?: HighContrastDarkTheme;
   };
 
   config?: IonicConfig;

core/src/utils/test/playwright/page/utils/set-content.ts

@@ -68,6 +68,34 @@ export const setContent = async (page: Page, html: string, testInfo: TestInfo, o
     `;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * This object is CRITICAL for Playwright stability.
+   *
+   * WHY IT'S NEEDED:
+   * 1. Bypasses Dynamic Loading: It avoids the consistent import
+   * failure 'await import(...)' when the global theme needed to be
+   * re-applied after the initial Ionic framework load.
+   * 2. Prevents Incorrect Palettes: It directly initializes with the
+   * required 'enabled: "always"' palette before any scripts run. This guarantees that correct CSS variables are loaded from the start.
+   * Otherwise, it would load the default light palette.
+   *
+   * These issues were only happening in Playwright Firefox tests
+   * that use `setContent`.
+   */
+  const customTheme = {
+    palette: {
+      dark: {
+        enabled: palette === 'dark' ? 'always' : 'never',
+      },
+      highContrast: {
+        enabled: palette === 'high-contrast' ? 'always' : 'never',
+      },
+      highContrastDark: {
+        enabled: palette === 'high-contrast-dark' ? 'always' : 'never',
+      },
+    },
+  };
+
   const output = `
     <!DOCTYPE html>
     <html dir="${direction}" lang="en">
@@ -77,14 +105,14 @@ export const setContent = async (page: Page, html: string, testInfo: TestInfo, o
         <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0" />
         ${ionicCSSImports}
         <link href="${baseUrl}/scripts/testing/styles.css" rel="stylesheet" />
-        ${palette !== 'light' ? `<link href="${baseUrl}/css/palettes/${palette}.always.css" rel="stylesheet" />` : ''}
         <script src="${baseUrl}/scripts/testing/scripts.js"></script>
         ${ionicJSImports}
         <script>
           window.Ionic = {
             config: {
               mode: '${mode}',
-              theme: '${theme}'
+              theme: '${theme}',
+              customTheme: ${JSON.stringify(customTheme)}
             }
           }
         </script>

core/src/utils/test/theme.spec.ts

@@ -205,6 +205,12 @@ describe('generateCSSVars', () => {
         dark: {
           enabled: 'system',
         },
+        highContrast: {
+          enabled: 'never',
+        },
+        highContrastDark: {
+          enabled: 'never',
+        },
       },
       config: {
         rippleEffect: true,
@@ -319,6 +325,12 @@ describe('generateGlobalThemeCSS', () => {
         dark: {
           enabled: 'never',
         },
+        highContrast: {
+          enabled: 'never',
+        },
+        highContrastDark: {
+          enabled: 'never',
+        },
       },
       borderWidth: {
         sm: '4px',
@@ -372,6 +384,12 @@ describe('generateGlobalThemeCSS', () => {
         dark: {
           enabled: 'never',
         },
+        highContrast: {
+          enabled: 'never',
+        },
+        highContrastDark: {
+          enabled: 'never',
+        },
       },
       borderWidth: {
         sm: '4px',
@@ -437,6 +455,12 @@ describe('generateGlobalThemeCSS', () => {
         dark: {
           enabled: 'never',
         },
+        highContrast: {
+          enabled: 'never',
+        },
+        highContrastDark: {
+          enabled: 'never',
+        },
       },
       borderWidth: {
         sm: '4px',
@@ -513,6 +537,12 @@ describe('generateGlobalThemeCSS', () => {
             },
           },
         },
+        highContrast: {
+          enabled: 'never',
+        },
+        highContrastDark: {
+          enabled: 'never',
+        },
       },
       borderWidth: {
         sm: '4px',
@@ -555,6 +585,162 @@ describe('generateGlobalThemeCSS', () => {
 
     expect(css).toBe(expectedCSS);
   });
+
+  it('should generate global CSS for a given theme with high contrast palette enabled for system preference', () => {
+    const theme = {
+      name: 'test',
+      palette: {
+        light: {},
+        dark: {
+          enabled: 'never',
+        },
+        highContrast: {
+          enabled: 'system',
+          color: {
+            primary: {
+              bold: {
+                base: '#0054e9',
+                contrast: '#ffffff',
+                shade: '#0041c4',
+                tint: '#0065ff',
+              },
+              subtle: {
+                base: '#0054e9',
+                contrast: '#ffffff',
+                shade: '#0041c4',
+                tint: '#0065ff',
+              },
+            },
+            red: {
+              50: '#ffebee',
+              100: '#ffcdd2',
+              200: '#ef9a9a',
+            },
+          },
+        },
+        highContrastDark: {
+          enabled: 'never',
+        },
+      },
+      borderWidth: {
+        sm: '4px',
+      },
+      spacing: {
+        md: '12px',
+      },
+      dynamicFont: '-apple-system-body',
+    };
+
+    const css = generateGlobalThemeCSS(theme).replace(/\s/g, '');
+
+    const expectedCSS = `
+      :root {
+        --ion-border-width-sm: 4px;
+        --ion-spacing-md: 12px;
+        --ion-dynamic-font: -apple-system-body;
+      }
+
+      @media(prefers-contrast: more) {
+        :root {
+          --ion-color-primary-bold: #0054e9;
+          --ion-color-primary-bold-rgb: 0, 84, 233;
+          --ion-color-primary-bold-contrast: #ffffff;
+          --ion-color-primary-bold-contrast-rgb: 255, 255, 255;
+          --ion-color-primary-bold-shade: #0041c4;
+          --ion-color-primary-bold-tint: #0065ff;
+          --ion-color-primary-subtle: #0054e9;
+          --ion-color-primary-subtle-rgb: 0, 84, 233;
+          --ion-color-primary-subtle-contrast: #ffffff;
+          --ion-color-primary-subtle-contrast-rgb: 255, 255, 255;
+          --ion-color-primary-subtle-shade: #0041c4;
+          --ion-color-primary-subtle-tint: #0065ff;
+          --ion-color-red-50: #ffebee;
+          --ion-color-red-100: #ffcdd2;
+          --ion-color-red-200: #ef9a9a;
+        }
+      }
+    `.replace(/\s/g, '');
+
+    expect(css).toBe(expectedCSS);
+  });
+
+  it('should generate global CSS for a given theme with high contrast dark palette enabled for system preference', () => {
+    const theme = {
+      name: 'test',
+      palette: {
+        light: {},
+        dark: {
+          enabled: 'never',
+        },
+        highContrast: {
+          enabled: 'never',
+        },
+        highContrastDark: {
+          enabled: 'system',
+          color: {
+            primary: {
+              bold: {
+                base: '#0054e9',
+                contrast: '#ffffff',
+                shade: '#0041c4',
+                tint: '#0065ff',
+              },
+              subtle: {
+                base: '#0054e9',
+                contrast: '#ffffff',
+                shade: '#0041c4',
+                tint: '#0065ff',
+              },
+            },
+            red: {
+              50: '#ffebee',
+              100: '#ffcdd2',
+              200: '#ef9a9a',
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+      borderWidth: {
+        sm: '4px',
+      },
+      spacing: {
+        md: '12px',
+      },
+      dynamicFont: '-apple-system-body',
+    };
+
+    const css = generateGlobalThemeCSS(theme).replace(/\s/g, '');
+
+    const expectedCSS = `
+      :root {
+        --ion-border-width-sm: 4px;
+        --ion-spacing-md: 12px;
+        --ion-dynamic-font: -apple-system-body;
+      }
+
+      @media(prefers-contrast: more) and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+        :root {
+          --ion-color-primary-bold: #0054e9;
+          --ion-color-primary-bold-rgb: 0, 84, 233;
+          --ion-color-primary-bold-contrast: #ffffff;
+          --ion-color-primary-bold-contrast-rgb: 255, 255, 255;
+          --ion-color-primary-bold-shade: #0041c4;
+          --ion-color-primary-bold-tint: #0065ff;
+          --ion-color-primary-subtle: #0054e9;
+          --ion-color-primary-subtle-rgb: 0, 84, 233;
+          --ion-color-primary-subtle-contrast: #ffffff;
+          --ion-color-primary-subtle-contrast-rgb: 255, 255, 255;
+          --ion-color-primary-subtle-shade: #0041c4;
+          --ion-color-primary-subtle-tint: #0065ff;
+          --ion-color-red-50: #ffebee;
+          --ion-color-red-100: #ffcdd2;
+          --ion-color-red-200: #ef9a9a;
+        }
+      }
+    `.replace(/\s/g, '');
+
+    expect(css).toBe(expectedCSS);
+  });
 });
 
 describe('generateComponentThemeCSS', () => {

core/src/utils/theme.ts

@@ -287,9 +287,27 @@ export const generateGlobalThemeCSS = (theme: any): string => {
   // Generate CSS variables for the dark color palette
   const darkTokensCSS = generateCSSVars(palette.dark);
 
-  // Include CSS variables for the dark color palette instead of
-  // the light palette if dark palette enabled is 'always'
-  const paletteTokensCSS = palette.dark.enabled === 'always' ? darkTokensCSS : lightTokensCSS;
+  // Generate CSS variable for the high contrast color palette
+  const highContrastTokensCSS = generateCSSVars(palette.highContrast);
+
+  // Generate CSS variable for the high contrast dark color palette
+  const highContrastDarkTokensCSS = generateCSSVars(palette.highContrastDark);
+
+  let paletteTokensCSS = lightTokensCSS;
+
+  if (palette.highContrastDark?.enabled === 'always') {
+    // Include CSS variables for the high contrast dark color palette instead of
+    // the light palette if high contrast dark palette enabled is 'always'
+    paletteTokensCSS = highContrastDarkTokensCSS;
+  } else if (palette.highContrast?.enabled === 'always') {
+    // Include CSS variables for the dark color palette instead of
+    // the light palette if dark palette enabled is 'always'
+    paletteTokensCSS = highContrastTokensCSS;
+  } else if (palette.dark.enabled === 'always') {
+    // Include CSS variables for the dark color palette instead of
+    // the light palette if dark palette enabled is 'always'
+    paletteTokensCSS = darkTokensCSS;
+  }
 
   let css = `
     ${CSS_ROOT_SELECTOR} {
@@ -298,9 +316,25 @@ export const generateGlobalThemeCSS = (theme: any): string => {
     }
   `;
 
-  // Include CSS variables for the dark color palette inside of a
-  // class if dark palette enabled is 'class'
-  if (palette.dark.enabled === 'class') {
+  if (palette.highContrastDark.enabled === 'class') {
+    // Include CSS variables for the high contrast dark color palette inside of a
+    // class if high contrast dark palette enabled is 'class'
+    css += `
+      .ion-palette-high-contrast.ion-palette-dark {
+        ${highContrastDarkTokensCSS}
+      }
+    `;
+  } else if (palette.highContrast.enabled === 'class') {
+    // Include CSS variables for the high contrast color palette inside of a
+    // class if high contrast palette enabled is 'class'
+    css += `
+      .ion-palette-high-contrast {
+        ${highContrastTokensCSS}
+      }
+    `;
+  } else if (palette.dark.enabled === 'class') {
+    // Include CSS variables for the dark color palette inside of a
+    // class if dark palette enabled is 'class'
     css += `
       .ion-palette-dark {
         ${darkTokensCSS}
@@ -308,9 +342,29 @@ export const generateGlobalThemeCSS = (theme: any): string => {
     `;
   }
 
-  // Include CSS variables for the dark color palette inside of the
-  // dark color scheme media query if dark palette enabled is 'system'
-  if (palette.dark.enabled === 'system') {
+  if (palette.highContrastDark.enabled === 'system') {
+    // Include CSS variables for the high contrast dark color palette inside of the
+    // high contrast dark media query if high contrast dark palette enabled is 'system'
+    css += `
+      @media (prefers-contrast: more) and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+        ${CSS_ROOT_SELECTOR} {
+          ${highContrastDarkTokensCSS}
+        }
+      }
+    `;
+  } else if (palette.highContrast.enabled === 'system') {
+    // Include CSS variables for the high contrast color palette inside of the
+    // high contrast media query if high contrast palette enabled is 'system'
+    css += `
+      @media (prefers-contrast: more) {
+        ${CSS_ROOT_SELECTOR} {
+          ${highContrastTokensCSS}
+        }
+      }
+    `;
+  } else if (palette.dark.enabled === 'system') {
+    // Include CSS variables for the dark color palette inside of the
+    // dark color scheme media query if dark palette enabled is 'system'
     css += `
       @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
         ${CSS_ROOT_SELECTOR} {