fix(tab-bar): adjust badge positioning for ionic theme (#30977)

Issue number: resolves internal

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## What is the current behavior?
The badge positioning for the tab bar did not match our design
specifications.
 
## What is the new behavior?
Updates the tab bar badge to be positioned according to design
specifications.

## Does this introduce a breaking change?

- [ ] Yes
- [x] No

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## Other information

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screenshots of how the component looks before and after the change. -->


[Preview](https://ionic-framework-git-rou-12460-fix-badge-positioning-ionic1.vercel.app/src/components/tab-bar/test/basic/?ionic:theme=ionic)

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Co-authored-by: ionitron <hi@ionicframework.com>

core/src/components/tab-bar/test/basic/index.html

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
           <ion-tab-button tab="1">
             <ion-icon name="heart"></ion-icon>
             <ion-label>Favorites</ion-label>
-            <ion-badge color="danger"></ion-badge>
+            <ion-badge color="danger" size="medium"></ion-badge>
           </ion-tab-button>
 
           <ion-tab-button tab="2">

core/src/components/tab-button/tab-button.ionic.scss

@@ -103,7 +103,13 @@
 // --------------------------------------------------
 
 :host ::slotted(ion-badge) {
-  @include globals.position(null, null, null, calc(50% + globals.$ion-scale-300));
+  @include globals.position(calc(globals.$ion-scale-100 * -2), null, null, calc(50% + globals.$ion-scale-300));
+  transform: translateX(-50%);
+}
+
+// Status badge (empty) needs less offset to overlap the icon
+:host ::slotted(ion-badge:empty) {
+  @include globals.position(calc(globals.$ion-scale-100 * -1), null, null, calc(50% + globals.$ion-scale-250));
 }
 
 :host ::slotted(ion-badge.badge-vertical-top) {