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227 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
227 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Form
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lang: en-US
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---
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# Form
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Form consists of `input`, `radio`, `select`, `checkbox` and so on. With form, you can collect, verify and submit data.
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:::tip
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The component has been upgraded with a flex layout to replace the old float layout.
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:::
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## Basic Form
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It includes all kinds of input items, such as `input`, `select`, `radio` and `checkbox`.
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:::demo In each `form` component, you need a `form-item` field to be the container of your input item.
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form/basic-form
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:::
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:::tip
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[W3C](https://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html-spec/html-spec_8.html#SEC8.2) regulates that
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> <i>When there is only one single-line text input field in a form, the user agent should accept Enter in that field as a request to submit the form.</i>
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To prevent this behavior, you can add `@submit.prevent` on `<el-form>`.
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:::
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## Inline Form
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When the vertical space is limited and the form is relatively simple, you can put it in one line.
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:::demo Set the `inline` attribute to `true` and the form will be inline.
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form/inline-form
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:::
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## Alignment
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Depending on your design, there are several different ways to align your label element.
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:::demo The `label-position` attribute decides how labels align, it can be `top` or `left`. When set to `top`, labels will be placed at the top of the form field.
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form/alignment
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:::
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## Validation
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Form component allows you to verify your data, helping you find and correct errors.
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:::demo Just add the `rules` attribute for `Form` component, pass validation rules, and set `prop` attribute for `FormItem` as a specific key that needs to be validated. See more information at [async-validator](https://github.com/yiminghe/async-validator).
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form/validation
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:::
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## Custom Validation Rules
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This example shows how to customize your own validation rules to finish a two-factor password verification.
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:::demo Here we use `status-icon` to reflect validation result as an icon.
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form/custom-validation
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:::
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:::tip
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Custom validate callback function must be called. See more advanced usage at [async-validator](https://github.com/yiminghe/async-validator).
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:::
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## Add/Delete Form Item
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:::demo In addition to passing all validation rules at once on the form component, you can also pass the validation rules or delete rules on a single form field dynamically.
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form/form-items
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:::
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## Number Validate
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:::demo Number Validate need a `.number` modifier added on the input `v-model` binding，it's used to transform the string value to the number which is provided by Vue.
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form/number-validate
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:::
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:::tip
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When an `el-form-item` is nested in another `el-form-item`, its label width will be `0`. You can set `label-width` on that `el-form-item` if needed.
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:::
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## Size Control
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All components in a Form inherit their `size` attribute from that Form. Similarly, FormItem also has a `size` attribute.
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:::demo Still you can fine tune each component's `size` if you don't want that component to inherit its size from From or FormItem.
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form/size-control
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:::
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## Accessibility
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When only a single input (or related control such as select or checkbox) is inside of a `el-form-item`, the form item's label will automatically be attached to that input. However, if multiple inputs are inside of the `el-form-item`, the form item will be assigned the [WAI-ARIA](https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/aria/) role of [group](https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#group) instead. In this case, it is your responsibility to assign assistive labels to the individual inputs.
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:::demo
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form/accessibility
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:::
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## Form API
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### Form Attributes
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| Name | Description | Type | Default |
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| ------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | ------- |
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| model | Data of form component. | ^[object]`Record<string, any>` | — |
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| rules | Validation rules of form. | ^[object]`FormRules` | — |
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| inline | Whether the form is inline. | ^[boolean] | false |
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| label-position | Position of label. If set to `'left'` or `'right'`, `label-width` prop is also required. | ^[enum]`'left' \| 'right' \| 'top'` | right |
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| label-width | Width of label, e.g. `'50px'`. All its direct child form items will inherit this value. `auto` is supported. | ^[string] / ^[number] | — |
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| label-suffix | Suffix of the label. | ^[string] | — |
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| hide-required-asterisk | Whether to hide required fields should have a red asterisk (star) beside their labels. | ^[boolean] | false |
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| require-asterisk-position | Position of asterisk. | ^[enum]`'left' \| 'right'` | left |
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| show-message | Whether to show the error message. | ^[boolean] | true |
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| inline-message | Whether to display the error message inline with the form item. | ^[boolean] | false |
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| status-icon | Whether to display an icon indicating the validation result. | ^[boolean] | false |
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| validate-on-rule-change | Whether to trigger validation when the `rules` prop is changed. | ^[boolean] | true |
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| size | Control the size of components in this form. | ^[enum]`'large' \| 'default' \| 'small'` | — |
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| disabled | Whether to disable all components in this form. If set to `true`, it will override the `disabled` prop of the inner component. | ^[boolean] | false |
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| scroll-to-error | When validation fails, scroll to the first error form entry. | ^[boolean] | false |
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| scroll-into-view-options | When validation fails, it scrolls to the first error item based on the scrollIntoView option. [scrollIntoView](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/scrollIntoView). | ^[object] / ^[boolean] | — |
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### Form Methods
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| Method | Description | Type |
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| --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `validate` | Validate the whole form. Receives a callback or returns `Promise`. | `(callback?: (isValid: boolean, invalidFields?: ValidateFieldsError) => void) => Promise<boolean>` |
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| `validateField` | Validate specified fields. | `(props?: Arrayable<FormItemProp>, callback?: (isValid: boolean, invalidFields?: ValidateFieldsError) => void) => Promise<void>` |
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| `resetFields` | Reset specified fields and remove validation result. | `(props?: Arrayable<FormItemProp>) => void` |
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| `scrollToField` | Scroll to the specified fields. | `(prop: FormItemProp) => void` |
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| `clearValidate` | Clear validation message for specified fields. | `(props?: Arrayable<FormItemProp>) => void` |
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### Form Events
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| Name | Description | Type |
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| -------- | --------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| validate | triggers after a form item is validated | ^[Function]`(prop: FormItemProp, isValid: boolean, message: string) => void` |
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### Form Exposes
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| Name | Description | Type |
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| ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| validate | Validate the whole form. Receives a callback or returns `Promise`. | ^[Function]`(callback?: (isValid: boolean, invalidFields?: ValidateFieldsError) => void) => Promise<void>` |
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| validateField | Validate specified fields. | ^[Function]`(props?: FormItemProp \| FormItemProp[], callback?: (isValid: boolean, invalidFields?: ValidateFieldsError) => void) => Promise<void>` |
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| resetFields | Reset specified fields and remove validation result. | ^[Function]`(props?: FormItemProp \| FormItemProp[]) => void` |
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| scrollToField | Scroll to the specified fields. | ^[Function]`(prop: FormItemProp) => void` |
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| clearValidate | Clear validation message for specified fields. | ^[Function]`(props?: FormItemProp \| FormItemProp[]) => void` |
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### Form Slots
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| Name | Description | Subtags |
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| ------- | ------------------------- | -------- |
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| default | customize default content | FormItem |
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## FormItem API
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### FormItem Attributes
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| Name | Description | Type | Default |
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| --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
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| prop | A key of `model`. It could be an array of property paths (e.g `['a', 'b', 0]`). In the use of `validate` and `resetFields` method, the attribute is required. | ^[string] / ^[string[]] | — |
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| label | Label text. | ^[string] | — |
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| label-width | Width of label, e.g. `'50px'`. `'auto'` is supported. | ^[string] / ^[number] | — |
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| required | Whether the field is required or not, will be determined by validation rules if omitted. | ^[boolean] | false |
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| rules | Validation rules of form, see the [following table](#formitemrule), more advanced usage at [async-validator](https://github.com/yiminghe/async-validator). | ^[object]`FormItemRule \| FormItemRule[]` | — |
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| error | Field error message, set its value and the field will validate error and show this message immediately. | ^[string] | — |
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| show-message | Whether to show the error message. | ^[boolean] | true |
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| inline-message | Inline style validate message. | ^[boolean] | false |
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| size | Control the size of components in this form-item. | ^[enum]`'large' \| 'default' \| 'small'` | default |
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| for | Same as for in native label. | ^[string] | — |
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| validate-status | Validation state of formItem. | ^[enum]`'' \| 'error' \| 'validating' \| 'success'` | — |
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#### FormItemRule
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| Name | Description | Type | Default |
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| ------- | ------------------------------- | --------------------------- | ------- |
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| trigger | How the validator is triggered. | ^[enum]`'blur' \| 'change'` | — |
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:::tip
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If you don't want to trigger the validator based on input events, set the `validate-event` attribute as `false` on the corresponding input type components (`<el-input>`, `<el-radio>`, `<el-select>`, ...).
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### FormItem Slots
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| Name | Description | Type |
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| ------- | --------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
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| default | Content of Form Item. | — |
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| label | Custom content to display on label. | ^[object]`{ label: string }` |
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| error | Custom content to display validation message. | ^[object]`{ error: string }` |
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### FormItem Exposes
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| Name | Description | Type |
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| --------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| size | Form item size. | ^[object]`ComputedRef<'' \| 'large' \| 'default' \| 'small'>` |
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| validateMessage | Validation message. | ^[object]`Ref<string>` |
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| validateState | Validation state. | ^[object]`Ref<'' \| 'error' \| 'validating' \| 'success'>` |
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| validate | Validate form item. | ^[Function]`(trigger: string, callback?: FormValidateCallback \| undefined) => FormValidationResult` |
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| resetField | Reset current field and remove validation result. | ^[Function]`() => void` |
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| clearValidate | Remove validation status of the field. | ^[Function]`() => void` |
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