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leetcode-master/problems/0052.N皇后II.md
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# 52. N皇后II
题目链接https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/n-queens-ii/
n 皇后问题研究的是如何将 n 个皇后放置在 n×n 的棋盘上,并且使皇后彼此之间不能相互攻击。
上图为 8 皇后问题的一种解法。
![51n皇后](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200821152118456.png)
给定一个整数 n返回 n 皇后不同的解决方案的数量。
示例:
输入: 4
输出: 2
解释: 4 皇后问题存在如下两个不同的解法。
解法 1
[
 [".Q..",
  "...Q",
  "Q...",
  "..Q."],
解法 2
 ["..Q.",
  "Q...",
  "...Q",
  ".Q.."]
]
# 思路
想看:[51.N皇后](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lU_QwCMj6g60nh8m98GAWg) ,基本没有区别
# C++代码
```CPP
class Solution {
private:
int count = 0;
void backtracking(int n, int row, vector<string>& chessboard) {
if (row == n) {
count++;
return;
}
for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {
if (isValid(row, col, chessboard, n)) {
chessboard[row][col] = 'Q'; // 放置皇后
backtracking(n, row + 1, chessboard);
chessboard[row][col] = '.'; // 回溯
}
}
}
bool isValid(int row, int col, vector<string>& chessboard, int n) {
int count = 0;
// 检查列
for (int i = 0; i < row; i++) { // 这是一个剪枝
if (chessboard[i][col] == 'Q') {
return false;
}
}
// 检查 45度角是否有皇后
for (int i = row - 1, j = col - 1; i >=0 && j >= 0; i--, j--) {
if (chessboard[i][j] == 'Q') {
return false;
}
}
// 检查 135度角是否有皇后
for(int i = row - 1, j = col + 1; i >= 0 && j < n; i--, j++) {
if (chessboard[i][j] == 'Q') {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
public:
int totalNQueens(int n) {
std::vector<std::string> chessboard(n, std::string(n, '.'));
backtracking(n, 0, chessboard);
return count;
}
};
```
# 其他语言补充
JavaScript
```javascript
var totalNQueens = function(n) {
let count = 0;
const backtracking = (n, row, chessboard) => {
if(row === n){
count++;
return;
}
for(let col = 0; col < n; col++){
if(isValid(row, col, chessboard, n)) { // 验证合法就可以放
chessboard[row][col] = 'Q'; // 放置皇后
backtracking(n, row + 1, chessboard);
chessboard[row][col] = '.'; // 回溯
}
}
}
const isValid = (row, col, chessboard, n) => {
// 检查列
for(let i = 0; i < row; i++){ // 这是一个剪枝
if(chessboard[i][col] === 'Q'){
return false;
}
}
// 检查 45度角是否有皇后
for(let i = row - 1, j = col - 1; i >= 0 && j >= 0; i--, j--){
if(chessboard[i][j] === 'Q'){
return false;
}
}
// 检查 135度角是否有皇后
for(let i = row - 1, j = col + 1; i >= 0 && j < n; i--, j++){
if(chessboard[i][j] === 'Q'){
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
const chessboard = new Array(n).fill([]).map(() => new Array(n).fill('.'));
backtracking(n, 0, chessboard);
return count;
};
```
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