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465 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
465 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
<p align="center">
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<a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/RsdcQ9umo09R6cfnwXZlrQ"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/PDF下载-代码随想录-blueviolet" alt=""></a>
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<a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/b66DFkOp8OOxdZC_xLZxfw"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/刷题-微信群-green" alt=""></a>
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<a href="https://space.bilibili.com/525438321"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/B站-代码随想录-orange" alt=""></a>
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<a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/QVF6upVMSbgvZy8lHZS3CQ"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/知识星球-代码随想录-blue" alt=""></a>
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</p>
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<p align="center"><strong>欢迎大家<a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/tqCxrMEU-ajQumL1i8im9A">参与本项目</a>,贡献其他语言版本的代码,拥抱开源,让更多学习算法的小伙伴们收益!</strong></p>
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# 143.重排链表
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# 思路
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本篇将给出三种C++实现的方法
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* 数组模拟
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* 双向队列模拟
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* 直接分割链表
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## 方法一
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把链表放进数组中,然后通过双指针法,一前一后,来遍历数组,构造链表。
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代码如下:
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```CPP
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class Solution {
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public:
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void reorderList(ListNode* head) {
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vector<ListNode*> vec;
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ListNode* cur = head;
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if (cur == nullptr) return;
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while(cur != nullptr) {
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vec.push_back(cur);
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cur = cur->next;
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}
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cur = head;
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int i = 1;
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int j = vec.size() - 1; // i j为之前前后的双指针
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int count = 0; // 计数,偶数去后面,奇数取前面
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while (i <= j) {
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if (count % 2 == 0) {
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cur->next = vec[j];
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j--;
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} else {
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cur->next = vec[i];
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i++;
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}
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cur = cur->next;
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count++;
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}
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if (vec.size() % 2 == 0) { // 如果是偶数,还要多处理中间的一个
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cur->next = vec[i];
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cur = cur->next;
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}
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cur->next = nullptr; // 注意结尾
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}
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};
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```
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## 方法二
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把链表放进双向队列,然后通过双向队列一前一后弹出数据,来构造新的链表。这种方法比操作数组容易一些,不用双指针模拟一前一后了
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```CPP
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class Solution {
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public:
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void reorderList(ListNode* head) {
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deque<ListNode*> que;
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ListNode* cur = head;
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if (cur == nullptr) return;
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while(cur->next != nullptr) {
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que.push_back(cur->next);
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cur = cur->next;
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}
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cur = head;
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int count = 0; // 计数,偶数去后面,奇数取前面
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ListNode* node;
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while(que.size()) {
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if (count % 2 == 0) {
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node = que.back();
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que.pop_back();
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} else {
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node = que.front();
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que.pop_front();
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}
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count++;
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cur->next = node;
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cur = cur->next;
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}
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cur->next = nullptr; // 注意结尾
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}
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};
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```
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## 方法三
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将链表分割成两个链表,然后把第二个链表反转,之后在通过两个链表拼接成新的链表。
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如图:
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<img src='https://code-thinking.cdn.bcebos.com/pics/143.重排链表.png' width=600> </img></div>
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这种方法,比较难,平均切割链表,看上去很简单,真正代码写的时候有很多细节,同时两个链表最后拼装整一个新的链表也有一些细节需要注意!
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代码如下:
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```CPP
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class Solution {
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private:
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// 反转链表
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ListNode* reverseList(ListNode* head) {
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ListNode* temp; // 保存cur的下一个节点
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ListNode* cur = head;
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ListNode* pre = NULL;
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while(cur) {
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temp = cur->next; // 保存一下 cur的下一个节点,因为接下来要改变cur->next
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cur->next = pre; // 翻转操作
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// 更新pre 和 cur指针
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pre = cur;
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cur = temp;
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}
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return pre;
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}
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public:
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void reorderList(ListNode* head) {
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if (head == nullptr) return;
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// 使用快慢指针法,将链表分成长度均等的两个链表head1和head2
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// 如果总链表长度为奇数,则head1相对head2多一个节点
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ListNode* fast = head;
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ListNode* slow = head;
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while (fast && fast->next && fast->next->next) {
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fast = fast->next->next;
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slow = slow->next;
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}
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ListNode* head1 = head;
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ListNode* head2;
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head2 = slow->next;
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slow->next = nullptr;
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// 对head2进行翻转
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head2 = reverseList(head2);
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// 将head1和head2交替生成新的链表head
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ListNode* cur1 = head1;
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ListNode* cur2 = head2;
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ListNode* cur = head;
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cur1 = cur1->next;
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int count = 0; // 偶数取head2的元素,奇数取head1的元素
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while (cur1 && cur2) {
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if (count % 2 == 0) {
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cur->next = cur2;
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cur2 = cur2->next;
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} else {
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cur->next = cur1;
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cur1 = cur1->next;
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}
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count++;
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cur = cur->next;
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}
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if (cur2 != nullptr) { // 处理结尾
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cur->next = cur2;
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}
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if (cur1 != nullptr) {
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cur->next = cur1;
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}
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}
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};
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```
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# 其他语言版本
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Java:
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```java
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// 方法三
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public class ReorderList {
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public void reorderList(ListNode head) {
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ListNode fast = head, slow = head;
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//求出中点
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while (fast.next != null && fast.next.next != null) {
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slow = slow.next;
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fast = fast.next.next;
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}
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//right就是右半部分 12345 就是45 1234 就是34
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ListNode right = slow.next;
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//断开左部分和右部分
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slow.next = null;
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//反转右部分 right就是反转后右部分的起点
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right = reverseList(right);
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//左部分的起点
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ListNode left = head;
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//进行左右部分来回连接
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//这里左部分的节点个数一定大于等于右部分的节点个数 因此只判断right即可
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while (right != null) {
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ListNode curLeft = left.next;
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left.next = right;
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left = curLeft;
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ListNode curRight = right.next;
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right.next = left;
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right = curRight;
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}
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}
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public ListNode reverseList(ListNode head) {
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ListNode headNode = new ListNode(0);
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ListNode cur = head;
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ListNode next = null;
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while (cur != null) {
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next = cur.next;
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cur.next = headNode.next;
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headNode.next = cur;
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cur = next;
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}
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return headNode.next;
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}
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}
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// 方法一 Java实现,使用数组存储节点
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class Solution {
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public void reorderList(ListNode head) {
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// 双指针的做法
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ListNode cur = head;
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// ArrayList底层是数组,可以使用下标随机访问
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List<ListNode> list = new ArrayList<>();
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while (cur != null){
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list.add(cur);
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cur = cur.next;
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}
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cur = head; // 重新回到头部
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int l = 1, r = list.size() - 1; // 注意左边是从1开始
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int count = 0;
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while (l <= r){
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if (count % 2 == 0){
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// 偶数
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cur.next = list.get(r);
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r--;
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}else {
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// 奇数
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cur.next = list.get(l);
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l++;
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}
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// 每一次指针都需要移动
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cur = cur.next;
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count++;
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}
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// 当是偶数的话,需要做额外处理
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if (list.size() % 2== 0){
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cur.next = list.get(l);
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cur = cur.next;
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}
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// 注意结尾要结束一波
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cur.next = null;
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}
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}
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// 方法二:使用双端队列,简化了数组的操作,代码相对于前者更简洁(避免一些边界条件)
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class Solution {
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public void reorderList(ListNode head) {
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// 使用双端队列的方法来解决
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Deque<ListNode> de = new LinkedList<>();
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// 这里是取head的下一个节点,head不需要再入队了,避免造成重复
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ListNode cur = head.next;
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while (cur != null){
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de.offer(cur);
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cur = cur.next;
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}
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cur = head; // 回到头部
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int count = 0;
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while (!de.isEmpty()){
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if (count % 2 == 0){
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// 偶数,取出队列右边尾部的值
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cur.next = de.pollLast();
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}else {
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// 奇数,取出队列左边头部的值
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cur.next = de.poll();
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}
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cur = cur.next;
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count++;
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}
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cur.next = null;
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}
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}
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```
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Python:
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```python3
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# 方法二 双向队列
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class Solution:
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def reorderList(self, head: ListNode) -> None:
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"""
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Do not return anything, modify head in-place instead.
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"""
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d = collections.deque()
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tmp = head
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while tmp.next: # 链表除了首元素全部加入双向队列
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d.append(tmp.next)
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tmp = tmp.next
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tmp = head
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while len(d): # 一后一前加入链表
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tmp.next = d.pop()
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tmp = tmp.next
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if len(d):
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tmp.next = d.popleft()
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tmp = tmp.next
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tmp.next = None # 尾部置空
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# 方法三 反转链表
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class Solution:
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def reorderList(self, head: ListNode) -> None:
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if head == None or head.next == None:
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return True
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slow, fast = head, head
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while fast and fast.next:
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slow = slow.next
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fast = fast.next.next
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right = slow.next # 分割右半边
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slow.next = None # 切断
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right = self.reverseList(right) #反转右半边
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left = head
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# 左半边一定比右半边长, 因此判断右半边即可
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while right:
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curLeft = left.next
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left.next = right
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left = curLeft
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curRight = right.next
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right.next = left
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right = curRight
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def reverseList(self, head: ListNode) -> ListNode:
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cur = head
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pre = None
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while(cur!=None):
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temp = cur.next # 保存一下cur的下一个节点
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cur.next = pre # 反转
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pre = cur
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cur = temp
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return pre
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```
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Go:
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JavaScript:
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```javascript
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// 方法一 使用数组存储节点
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var reorderList = function(head, s = [], tmp) {
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let cur = head;
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// list是数组,可以使用下标随机访问
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const list = [];
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while(cur != null){
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list.push(cur);
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cur = cur.next;
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}
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cur = head; // 重新回到头部
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let l = 1, r = list.length - 1; // 注意左边是从1开始
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let count = 0;
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while(l <= r){
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if(count % 2 == 0){
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// even
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cur.next = list[r];
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r--;
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} else {
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// odd
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cur.next = list[l];
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l++;
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}
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// 每一次指针都需要移动
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cur = cur.next;
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count++;
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}
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// 当是偶数的话,需要做额外处理
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if(list.length % 2 == 0){
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cur.next = list[l];
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cur = cur.next;
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}
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// 注意结尾要结束一波
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cur.next = null;
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}
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// 方法二 使用双端队列的方法来解决 js中运行很慢
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var reorderList = function(head, s = [], tmp) {
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// js数组作为双端队列
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const deque = [];
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// 这里是取head的下一个节点,head不需要再入队了,避免造成重复
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let cur = head.next;
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while(cur != null){
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deque.push(cur);
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cur = cur.next;
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}
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cur = head; // 回到头部
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let count = 0;
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while(deque.length !== 0){
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if(count % 2 == 0){
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// even,取出队列右边尾部的值
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cur.next = deque.pop();
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} else {
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// odd, 取出队列左边头部的值
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cur.next = deque.shift();
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}
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cur = cur.next;
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count++;
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}
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cur.next = null;
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}
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//方法三 将链表分割成两个链表,然后把第二个链表反转,之后在通过两个链表拼接成新的链表
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var reorderList = function(head, s = [], tmp) {
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const reverseList = head => {
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let headNode = new ListNode(0);
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let cur = head;
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let next = null;
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while(cur != null){
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next = cur.next;
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cur.next = headNode.next;
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headNode.next = cur;
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cur = next;
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}
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return headNode.next;
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}
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let fast = head, slow = head;
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//求出中点
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while(fast.next != null && fast.next.next != null){
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slow = slow.next;
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fast = fast.next.next;
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}
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//right就是右半部分 12345 就是45 1234 就是34
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let right = slow.next;
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//断开左部分和右部分
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slow.next = null;
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//反转右部分 right就是反转后右部分的起点
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right = reverseList(right);
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//左部分的起点
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let left = head;
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//进行左右部分来回连接
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//这里左部分的节点个数一定大于等于右部分的节点个数 因此只判断right即可
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while (right != null) {
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let curLeft = left.next;
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left.next = right;
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left = curLeft;
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let curRight = right.next;
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right.next = left;
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right = curRight;
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}
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}
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```
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-----------------------
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* 作者微信:[程序员Carl](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/b66DFkOp8OOxdZC_xLZxfw)
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* B站视频:[代码随想录](https://space.bilibili.com/525438321)
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* 知识星球:[代码随想录](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/QVF6upVMSbgvZy8lHZS3CQ)
|
||
<div align="center"><img src=https://code-thinking.cdn.bcebos.com/pics/01二维码一.jpg width=500> </img></div>
|