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@ -645,111 +645,112 @@ per testare la tua capacità nell'identificare la complessità del runtime di di
- spazio necessario = (capacità dell'array, che è >= n) * grandezza di un item, ma anche se 2n, rimane O(n)
- ### Linked Lists
- [ ] Description:
- [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK)
- [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0)
- [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w)
- [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo)
- not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation
- [ ] Descrizione:
- [ ] [Liste Linkate Singolarmente (Video in Inglese)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK)
- [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (Video in Inglese)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0)
- [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (Video in Inglese)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w)
- [ ] [C Code (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo)
- non il video intero, ma solo nozioni sulla struttura del nodo e l'allocazione della memoria
- [ ] Linked List vs Arrays:
- [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays-rjBs9)
- [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays-QUaUd)
- [ ] [why you should avoid linked lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo)
- [ ] Gotcha: you need pointer to pointer knowledge:
(for when you pass a pointer to a function that may change the address where that pointer points)
This page is just to get a grasp on ptr to ptr. I don't recommend this list traversal style. Readability and maintainability suffer due to cleverness.
- [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (Video in Inglese)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays-rjBs9)
- [Nel Mondo Reale, Linked Lists Vs Arrays (Video in Inglese)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays-QUaUd)
- [ ] [Perché dovresti evitare le Linked Lists (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo)
- [ ] Ti aiuto un po': hai bisogno della conoscenza riguardo puntatori di puntatori:
(per quando passi un puntatore ad una funzione che potrebbe cambiare l'indirizzo a cui il puntatore punta)
Questa pagina serve solo ad avere un assaggio dei puntatori ai puntatori. Non consiglio di seguire l'ordine di questa lista.
La scorrevolezza nel leggere viene persa per colpa di una mancanza di intelligenza.
- [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html)
- [ ] Implement (I did with tail pointer & without):
- [ ] size() - returns number of data elements in list
- [ ] empty() - bool returns true if empty
- [ ] value_at(index) - returns the value of the nth item (starting at 0 for first)
- [ ] push_front(value) - adds an item to the front of the list
- [ ] pop_front() - remove front item and return its value
- [ ] push_back(value) - adds an item at the end
- [ ] pop_back() - removes end item and returns its value
- [ ] front() - get value of front item
- [ ] back() - get value of end item
- [ ] insert(index, value) - insert value at index, so current item at that index is pointed to by new item at index
- [ ] erase(index) - removes node at given index
- [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - returns the value of the node at nth position from the end of the list
- [ ] reverse() - reverses the list
- [ ] remove_value(value) - removes the first item in the list with this value
- [ ] Doubly-linked List
- [Description (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/doubly-linked-lists-jpGKD)
- No need to implement
- [ ] Implementazione (Fatto con puntatori alla coda e senza):
- [ ] size() - returna il numero di elementi nella lista
- [ ] empty() - returna vero se la lista è vuota, altrimenti falso
- [ ] value_at(index) - returna il valore in posizione index (partendo da 0 per il primo)
- [ ] push_front(value) - aggiungi un item in testa alla lista
- [ ] pop_front() - rimuove l'item in testa alla lista e ne returna il valore
- [ ] push_back(value) - aggiunge un elemento in coda alla lista
- [ ] pop_back() - rimuove l'elemento finale della lista e ne returna il valore
- [ ] front() - returna il valore all'inizio della lista
- [ ] back() - returna il valore alla fine della lista
- [ ] insert(index, value) - inserisce il valore in posizione index, così l'elemento attuale in posizione index punterà all'elemento successivo
- [ ] erase(index) - rimuove un nodo ad un index dato
- [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - returna un valore in posizione n rispetto la fine della lista
- [ ] reverse() - reversa la lista
- [ ] remove_value(value) - rimuove il primo elemento nella lista avente il valore dato
- [ ] Liste Linkate Doppiamente
- [Descrizione (Video in Inglese)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/doubly-linked-lists-jpGKD)
- Non c'è bisogno di implementarle
- ### Stack
- [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ)
- [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial
- [ ] [Stacks (Video in Inglese)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ)
- [ ] Non saranno implementati. Esercitarsi con l'array è quasi banale.
- ### Queue
- [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq)
- [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer)
- [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer:
- enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail
- dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front)
- empty()
- [ ] Implement using fixed-sized array:
- enqueue(value) - adds item at end of available storage
- dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element
- empty()
- full()
- [ ] Cost:
- a bad implementation using linked list where you enqueue at head and dequeue at tail would be O(n)
because you'd need the next to last element, causing a full traversal each dequeue
- enqueue: O(1) (amortized, linked list and array [probing])
- dequeue: O(1) (linked list and array)
- empty: O(1) (linked list and array)
- [ ] [Queue (Video in Inglese)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq)
- [ ] [Buffer Circolare/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer)
- [ ] Implementazione usando le linked list, con puntatore alla coda:
- enqueue(value) - aggiunge un valore alla posizione della coda
- dequeue() - returna il valore aggiunto per ultimo e lo rimuove
- empty() - controlla se è vuota o meno
- [ ] Implementazione usando gli array con memoria allocata fissa:
- enqueue(value) - aggiunge un item alla fine
- dequeue() - returna il valore aggiunto per ultimo e lo rimuove
- empty() - controlla se la queue è vuota
- full() - controlla se la queue è piena
- [ ] Costi:
- una implementazione sbagliata usando le linked list dove aggiungi alla queue dalla testa e togli dalla coda porterebbe ad O(n)
perché avrai bisogno dal prossimo elemento fino alla fine, causando una dequeue trasversale per tutta la lista.
- enqueue: O(1) (ammortizzata, linked list e array [approfondendo])
- dequeue: O(1) (linked list e array)
- empty: O(1) (linked list e array)
- ### Hash table
- [ ] Videos:
- [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8)
- [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb)
- [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb)
- [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68)
- [ ] [PyCon 2017: The Dictionary Even Mightier (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66P5FMkWoVU)
- [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11)
- [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4)
- [ ] Video:
- [ ] [Hashing con Chaining (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8)
- [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb)
- [ ] [Indirizzamento Aperto, Hashing Crittografico (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb)
- [ ] [PyCon 2010: Il Dizionario, ma Più Potente (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68)
- [ ] [PyCon 2017: Dizionario, ma ancora Più Potente (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66P5FMkWoVU)
- [ ] [(Avanzato) Randomizzazione: Universale & Hashing Perfetto (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11)
- [ ] [(Avanzato) L'hashing perfetto (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4)
- [ ] Online Courses:
- [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP)
- [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/4)
- [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/phone-book-problem-NYZZP)
- [ ] distributed hash tables:
- [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox-DvaIb)
- [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/distributed-hash-tables-tvH8H)
- [ ] Corsi Online:
- [ ] [Core Hash Tables (Video in Inglese)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-hash-tables-m7UuP)
- [ ] [Strutture Dati (Video in Inglese)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/4)
- [ ] [Problemi con gli Elenchi Telefonici (Video in Inglese)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/phone-book-problem-NYZZP)
- [ ] hash tables distribuite:
- [Uploads Istantanei e Ottimizzazione dello Storage Su Dropbox (Video in Inglese)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox-DvaIb)
- [Hash Tables Distribuite (Video in Inglese)](https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/distributed-hash-tables-tvH8H)
- [ ] Implement with array using linear probing
- hash(k, m) - m is size of hash table
- add(key, value) - if key already exists, update value
- exists(key)
- get(key)
- remove(key)
- [ ] Implementazione con gli array usando il sondaggio (probing) lineare
- hash(k, m) - m è la grandezza dell'hash table
- add(key, value) - se la chiave esiste già, il valore viene aggiornato
- exists(key) - se la chiave esiste
- get(key) - prende il valore della chiave
- remove(key) - rimuove il valore con chiave data
## More Knowledge
## Piu' Teoria
- ### Binary search
- [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno)
- [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search)
- [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/)
- [ ] [blueprint](https://leetcode.com/discuss/general-discussion/786126/python-powerful-ultimate-binary-search-template-solved-many-problems)
- [ ] Implement:
- binary search (on sorted array of integers)
- binary search using recursion
- ### Ricerca Binaria
- [ ] [Ricerca Binaria (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno)
- [ ] [Ricerca Binaria (Video in Inglese)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search)
- [ ] [dettagli](https://www.topcoder.com/community/competitive-programming/tutorials/binary-search/)
- [ ] [progetto](https://leetcode.com/discuss/general-discussion/786126/python-powerful-ultimate-binary-search-template-solved-many-problems)
- [ ] Implementazione:
- ricerca binaria (su array ordinati di interi)
- ricerca binaria usando la ricorsione
- ### Bitwise operations
- [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32)
- [ ] Get a really good understanding of manipulating bits with: &, |, ^, ~, >>, <<
- [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture))
- [ ] Good intro:
[Bit Manipulation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I)
- [ ] [C Programming Tutorial 2-10: Bitwise Operators (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0)
- [ ] [Bit Manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation)
- [ ] [Bitwise Operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation)
- ### Operazioni Bit a Bit
- [ ] [Cheat-sheet sui bit](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/main/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-sheet.pdf) - dovrai arrivare a conoscere le potenze del 2 da 2^1 fino a 2^16 e 2^32
- [ ] Preparati bene sulla manipolazione dei bit tramite questi operatori: &, |, ^, ~, >>, <<
- [ ] [words (Articolo in Inglese)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture))
- [ ] Una buona Introduzione:
[Manipolazione dei Bit (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I)
- [ ] [Tutorial di programmazione C 2-10: Operazioni Bit a Bit (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0)
- [ ] [Manipolazione dei Bit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation)
- [ ] [Operazioni bit a bit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation)
- [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html)
- [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/)
- [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html)
- [ ] [Bit Hacks (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZusiKXcz_ac)
- [ ] [Il Bit Twiddler](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/)
- [ ] [Il Bit Twiddler Interattivo](https://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html)
- [ ] [Trucchi su i Bit (Video in Inglese)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZusiKXcz_ac)
- [ ] [Practice Operations](https://pconrad.github.io/old_pconrad_cs16/topics/bitOps/)
- [ ] 2s and 1s complement
- [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4)