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# [399. Evaluate Division](https://leetcode.com/problems/evaluate-division/)
## 题目
Equations are given in the format `A / B = k`, where `A` and `B` are variables represented as strings, and `k` is a real number (floating point number). Given some queries, return the answers. If the answer does not exist, return `-1.0`.
**Example:**
Given `a / b = 2.0, b / c = 3.0.`queries are: `a / c = ?, b / a = ?, a / e = ?, a / a = ?, x / x = ? .`return `[6.0, 0.5, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0 ].`
The input is: `vector<pair<string, string>> equations, vector<double>& values, vector<pair<string, string>> queries` , where `equations.size() == values.size()`, and the values are positive. This represents the equations. Return `vector<double>`.
According to the example above:
equations = [ ["a", "b"], ["b", "c"] ],
values = [2.0, 3.0],
queries = [ ["a", "c"], ["b", "a"], ["a", "e"], ["a", "a"], ["x", "x"] ].
The input is always valid. You may assume that evaluating the queries will result in no division by zero and there is no contradiction.
## 题目大意
给出方程式 A / B = k, 其中 A 和 B 均为代表字符串的变量 k 是一个浮点型数字。根据已知方程式求解问题,并返回计算结果。如果结果不存在,则返回 -1.0。
示例 :
给定 a / b = 2.0, b / c = 3.0
问题: a / c = ?, b / a = ?, a / e = ?, a / a = ?, x / x = ? 
返回 [6.0, 0.5, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0 ]
输入为: vector<pair<string, string>> equations, vector<double>& values, vector<pair<string, string>> queries(方程式,方程式结果,问题方程式) 其中 equations.size() == values.size()即方程式的长度与方程式结果长度相等程式与结果一一对应并且结果值均为正数。以上为方程式的描述。 返回vector<double>类型。
假设输入总是有效的。你可以假设除法运算中不会出现除数为0的情况且不存在任何矛盾的结果。
## 解题思路
- 给出一些字母变量的倍数关系,问给出任意两个字母的倍数是多少。
- 这一题可以用 DFS 或者并查集来解题。先来看看 DFS 的做法。先建图。每个字母或者字母组合可以看做成一个节点,给出的 `equations` 关系可以看成两个节点之间的有向边。每条有向边都有权值。那么问题可以转换成是否存在一条从起点节点到终点节点的路径,如果存在,输出这条路径上所有有向边权值的累乘结果。如果不存在这条路径,就返回 -1 。如果给的起点和终点不在给出的节点集里面,也输出 -1 。
- 再来看看并查集的做法。先将每两个有倍数关系的节点做并查集 `union()` 操作。例如 A/B = 2那么把 B 作为 `parent` 节点,`parents[A] = {B2}``parents[B] = {B1}`B 指向自己是 1 。还有一个关系是 `B/C=3`,由于 B 已经在并查集中了,所以这个时候需要把这个关系反过来,处理成 `C/B = 1/3` ,即 `parents[C] = {B1/3}`。这样把所有有关系的字母都 `union()` 起来。如何求任意两个字母的倍数关系呢?例如 `A/C = ?` 在并查集中查找,可以找到 `parents[C] == parents[A] == B`,那么就用 `parents[A]/parents[C] = 2/(1/3) = 6`。为什么可以这样做呢?因为 `A/B = 2``C/B = 1/3`,那么 `A/C = (A/B)/(C/B)``parents[A]/parents[C] = 2/(1/3) = 6`