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merge: Add the Collatz Conjecture (#1022)

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* Create CollatzConjecture.js

* Create CollatzConjecture.test.js

* Update CollatzConjecture.js

* Update CollatzConjecture.test.js

* Rename CollatzConjecture.js to CollatzSequence.js

* Update and rename CollatzConjecture.test.js to CollatzSequence.test.js

* Update CollatzSequence.js

* Update CollatzSequence.test.js

* Update CollatzSequence.test.js

* Fix styling errors

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Co-authored-by: Rak Laptudirm <rak@laptudirm.com>

* Update CollatzSequence.js

* Update CollatzSequence.js

* Update comments to match the Collatz Sequence

* Update CollatzSequence.test.js

Co-authored-by: Rak Laptudirm <rak@laptudirm.com>
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Exortions
2022-05-25 20:07:53 -07:00
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/**
* @function collatz
* @description Applies the Collatz Sequence on a specified number.
* The Collatz Sequence states that every natural number will always fall in a 1, 2, 4 loop when iterated under the following function:
* If the number is even, divide by 2, and if its odd, multiply it by 3 and add 1.
*
* @parama {Integer} n The number to apply the Collatz Sequence to.
*
* @return An array of steps and the final result..
*
* @see [Collatz Conjecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collatz_conjecture)
*
* @example collatz(1) = { result: 1, steps: [] }
* @example collatz(5) = { result: 1, steps: [16, 8, 4, 2, 1] }
*/
export function collatz (n) {
const steps = []
while (n !== 1) {
if (n % 2 === 0) {
n = n / 2
} else {
n = 3 * n + 1
}
steps.push(n)
}
return { result: n, steps: steps }
}