Files
Java/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/geometry/ConvexHullTest.java
Indole Yi d5289b92da Fix ConvexHull to return points in counter-clockwise order (#6810)
* Fix ConvexHull to return points in counter-clockwise order

- Add sortCounterClockwise method to ensure CCW ordering
- Start from bottom-most, left-most point for deterministic results
- Fix issue where unordered HashSet broke downstream algorithms
- Add comprehensive tests with CCW order verification

* test(geometry): Achieve 100% test coverage for ConvexHull
2025-10-19 18:17:19 +00:00

139 lines
7.4 KiB
Java

package com.thealgorithms.geometry;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
public class ConvexHullTest {
@Test
void testConvexHullBruteForce() {
// Test 1: Triangle with intermediate point
List<Point> points = Arrays.asList(new Point(0, 0), new Point(1, 0), new Point(10, 1));
List<Point> expected = Arrays.asList(new Point(0, 0), new Point(1, 0), new Point(10, 1));
assertEquals(expected, ConvexHull.convexHullBruteForce(points));
// Test 2: Collinear points
points = Arrays.asList(new Point(0, 0), new Point(1, 0), new Point(10, 0));
expected = Arrays.asList(new Point(0, 0), new Point(10, 0));
assertEquals(expected, ConvexHull.convexHullBruteForce(points));
// Test 3: Complex polygon
points = Arrays.asList(new Point(0, 3), new Point(2, 2), new Point(1, 1), new Point(2, 1), new Point(3, 0), new Point(0, 0), new Point(3, 3), new Point(2, -1), new Point(2, -4), new Point(1, -3));
expected = Arrays.asList(new Point(2, -4), new Point(1, -3), new Point(0, 0), new Point(3, 0), new Point(0, 3), new Point(3, 3));
assertEquals(expected, ConvexHull.convexHullBruteForce(points));
}
@Test
void testConvexHullRecursive() {
// Test 1: Triangle - CCW order starting from bottom-left
// The algorithm includes (1,0) as it's detected as an extreme point
List<Point> points = Arrays.asList(new Point(0, 0), new Point(1, 0), new Point(10, 1));
List<Point> result = ConvexHull.convexHullRecursive(points);
List<Point> expected = Arrays.asList(new Point(0, 0), new Point(1, 0), new Point(10, 1));
assertEquals(expected, result);
assertTrue(isCounterClockwise(result), "Points should be in counter-clockwise order");
// Test 2: Collinear points
points = Arrays.asList(new Point(0, 0), new Point(1, 0), new Point(10, 0));
result = ConvexHull.convexHullRecursive(points);
expected = Arrays.asList(new Point(0, 0), new Point(10, 0));
assertEquals(expected, result);
// Test 3: Complex polygon
// Convex hull vertices in CCW order from bottom-most point (2,-4):
// (2,-4) -> (3,0) -> (3,3) -> (0,3) -> (0,0) -> (1,-3) -> back to (2,-4)
points = Arrays.asList(new Point(0, 3), new Point(2, 2), new Point(1, 1), new Point(2, 1), new Point(3, 0), new Point(0, 0), new Point(3, 3), new Point(2, -1), new Point(2, -4), new Point(1, -3));
result = ConvexHull.convexHullRecursive(points);
expected = Arrays.asList(new Point(2, -4), new Point(3, 0), new Point(3, 3), new Point(0, 3), new Point(0, 0), new Point(1, -3));
assertEquals(expected, result);
assertTrue(isCounterClockwise(result), "Points should be in counter-clockwise order");
}
@Test
void testConvexHullRecursiveAdditionalCases() {
// Test 4: Square (all corners on hull)
List<Point> points = Arrays.asList(new Point(0, 0), new Point(2, 0), new Point(2, 2), new Point(0, 2));
List<Point> result = ConvexHull.convexHullRecursive(points);
List<Point> expected = Arrays.asList(new Point(0, 0), new Point(2, 0), new Point(2, 2), new Point(0, 2));
assertEquals(expected, result);
assertTrue(isCounterClockwise(result), "Square points should be in CCW order");
// Test 5: Pentagon with interior point
points = Arrays.asList(new Point(0, 0), new Point(4, 0), new Point(5, 3), new Point(2, 5), new Point(-1, 3), new Point(2, 2) // (2,2) is interior
);
result = ConvexHull.convexHullRecursive(points);
// CCW from (0,0): (0,0) -> (4,0) -> (5,3) -> (2,5) -> (-1,3)
expected = Arrays.asList(new Point(0, 0), new Point(4, 0), new Point(5, 3), new Point(2, 5), new Point(-1, 3));
assertEquals(expected, result);
assertTrue(isCounterClockwise(result), "Pentagon points should be in CCW order");
// Test 6: Simple triangle (clearly convex)
points = Arrays.asList(new Point(0, 0), new Point(4, 0), new Point(2, 3));
result = ConvexHull.convexHullRecursive(points);
expected = Arrays.asList(new Point(0, 0), new Point(4, 0), new Point(2, 3));
assertEquals(expected, result);
assertTrue(isCounterClockwise(result), "Triangle points should be in CCW order");
}
/**
* Helper method to verify if points are in counter-clockwise order.
* Uses the signed area method: positive area means CCW.
*/
private boolean isCounterClockwise(List<Point> points) {
if (points.size() < 3) {
return true; // Less than 3 points, trivially true
}
long signedArea = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < points.size(); i++) {
Point p1 = points.get(i);
Point p2 = points.get((i + 1) % points.size());
signedArea += (long) p1.x() * p2.y() - (long) p2.x() * p1.y();
}
return signedArea > 0; // Positive signed area means counter-clockwise
}
@Test
void testRecursiveHullForCoverage() {
// 1. Test the base cases of the convexHullRecursive method (covering scenarios with < 3 input points).
// Test Case: 0 points
List<Point> pointsEmpty = new ArrayList<>();
List<Point> resultEmpty = ConvexHull.convexHullRecursive(pointsEmpty);
assertTrue(resultEmpty.isEmpty(), "Should return an empty list for an empty input list");
// Test Case: 1 point
List<Point> pointsOne = List.of(new Point(5, 5));
// Pass a new ArrayList because the original method modifies the input list.
List<Point> resultOne = ConvexHull.convexHullRecursive(new ArrayList<>(pointsOne));
List<Point> expectedOne = List.of(new Point(5, 5));
assertEquals(expectedOne, resultOne, "Should return the single point for a single-point input");
// Test Case: 2 points
List<Point> pointsTwo = Arrays.asList(new Point(10, 1), new Point(0, 0));
List<Point> resultTwo = ConvexHull.convexHullRecursive(new ArrayList<>(pointsTwo));
List<Point> expectedTwo = Arrays.asList(new Point(0, 0), new Point(10, 1)); // Should return the two points, sorted.
assertEquals(expectedTwo, resultTwo, "Should return the two sorted points for a two-point input");
// 2. Test the logic for handling collinear points in the sortCounterClockwise method.
// Construct a scenario where multiple collinear points lie on an edge of the convex hull.
// The expected convex hull vertices are (0,0), (10,0), and (5,5).
// When (0,0) is used as the pivot for polar angle sorting, (5,0) and (10,0) are collinear.
// This will trigger the crossProduct == 0 branch in the sortCounterClockwise method.
List<Point> pointsWithCollinearOnHull = Arrays.asList(new Point(0, 0), new Point(5, 0), new Point(10, 0), new Point(5, 5), new Point(2, 2));
List<Point> resultCollinear = ConvexHull.convexHullRecursive(new ArrayList<>(pointsWithCollinearOnHull));
List<Point> expectedCollinear = Arrays.asList(new Point(0, 0), new Point(10, 0), new Point(5, 5));
assertEquals(expectedCollinear, resultCollinear, "Should correctly handle collinear points on the hull edge");
assertTrue(isCounterClockwise(resultCollinear), "The result of the collinear test should be in counter-clockwise order");
}
}