### Summary
This PR makes small readability and maintainability improvements to the algorithm implementation.
### Changes
- Removed a redundant `n < 0` validation check since the method contract already ensures valid `n`
- Replaced `current.remove(current.size() - 1)` with `current.removeLast()` to better express backtracking intent
### Rationale
- Simplifies input validation without changing behavior
- Uses the `Deque` API to make the backtracking step clearer and less error-prone
### Impact
- No change in algorithm logic or time/space complexity
- Output remains identical
Co-authored-by: Swati Vusurumarthi <swativs869@gmail.com>
refactor: remove duplicate algorithm implementations
Removed the following duplicate implementations:
- searches/PerfectBinarySearch.java (duplicate of IterativeBinarySearch)
- searches/SortOrderAgnosticBinarySearch.java (duplicate of OrderAgnosticBinarySearch)
- strings/LongestPalindromicSubstring.java (duplicate of dynamicprogramming version)
- strings/ValidParentheses.java (duplicate of stacks version)
- others/cn/HammingDistance.java (duplicate - strings version handles text)
- others/NewManShanksPrimeTest.java (orphan test in wrong package)
Updated DIRECTORY.md to reflect the changes.
Fixes#7253
Co-authored-by: Ahmed Allam <60698204+AllamF5J@users.noreply.github.com>
* docs: Add comprehensive documentation to BinarySearch algorithm
- Added detailed JavaDoc with @param, @return, @throws tags
- Included step-by-step algorithm walkthrough example
- Added inline comments explaining each code section
- Documented time and space complexity analysis
- Provided concrete usage examples with expected outputs
- Explained edge cases and overflow prevention technique
* style: Apply proper Java formatting to BinarySearch
- Fixed line length to meet style guidelines
- Applied proper JavaDoc formatting
- Corrected indentation and spacing
- Ensured compliance with project formatting standards
* fix: correct Javadoc formatting and add missing newline at EOF
- Fix Javadoc structure with proper tag ordering (description before @params)
- Remove incorrect @throws tag (method returns -1, doesn't throw)
- Format algorithm steps as proper HTML ordered list
- Move complexity analysis before @param tags
- Add missing newline at end of file
- Fix example code to use instance method call
* feat: implement Smooth Sort algorithm with detailed JavaDoc and test class
* style: format LEONARDO array for improved readability with clang-format
* feat: add MiddleOfLinkedList class and corresponding test cases
* docs: update documentation for MiddleOfLinkedList class
* test: refactor MiddleOfLinkedListTest to improve readability and assertions
* test: refactor MiddleOfLinkedListTest for improved null safety and readability
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Co-authored-by: Ahmed Allam <60698204+AllamF5J@users.noreply.github.com>
* feat: implement Smooth Sort algorithm with detailed JavaDoc and test class
* style: format LEONARDO array for improved readability with clang-format
* feat(sorts): add TournamentSort (winner-tree)
* test: add unit test for null array handling in TournamentSort
* feat(search): add rotated binary search
* test: add unit test for handling middle element in right sorted half of rotated array
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Co-authored-by: Ahmed Allam <60698204+AllamF5J@users.noreply.github.com>
* feat: implement Smooth Sort algorithm with detailed JavaDoc and test class
* style: format LEONARDO array for improved readability with clang-format
* feat(sorts): add TournamentSort (winner-tree)
* test: add unit test for null array handling in TournamentSort
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Co-authored-by: Ahmed Allam <60698204+AllamF5J@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Deniz Altunkapan <deniz.altunkapan@outlook.com>
Co-authored-by: Oleksandr Klymenko <19151554+alxkm@users.noreply.github.com>
* feat: implement Smooth Sort algorithm with detailed JavaDoc and test class
* style: format LEONARDO array for improved readability with clang-format
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Co-authored-by: Ahmed Allam <60698204+AllamF5J@users.noreply.github.com>
* Add StochasticMatrix utility class
This class provides methods to check if a matrix is row-stochastic or column-stochastic, ensuring all elements are non-negative and the sums of rows or columns equal 1.
* Change package from maths to matrix
Updated package declaration for StochasticMatrix class.
* Change package declaration in StochasticMatrixTest
* Delete src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/StochasticMatrixTest.java
* Refactor matrix initialization for test cases
* Fix formatting of matrix initialization in tests
* Remove unnecessary newline in StochasticMatrix
* Add import statement for JUnit in StochasticMatrixTest
* Add additional assertions to StochasticMatrixTest
* Clean up import statements in StochasticMatrixTest
Removed unused import statements for cleaner code.
* Reorder import statements in StochasticMatrixTest
* Remove unused import assertThrows from StochasticMatrixTest
Removed unused import for assertThrows.
* Implement LengthOfLastWord algorithm in strings package
* Add JUnit tests for LengthOfLastWord algorithm
* style: fix import order and spacing for clang-format
* Add additional edge cases to GCD unit tests
* Rename GCD test methods and add descriptive names
* Fix formatting in GCD tests
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Co-authored-by: Deniz Altunkapan <deniz.altunkapan@outlook.com>
* [FEAT] Add Thin Lens formula for ray optics
* [CI] Re-run clang-format checks
* [CI] Re-run checks after rebase
* [STYLE] Apply clang-format to ThinLensTest
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Co-authored-by: Koushik Sai <nyamathabadkoushik@gmail.com>
* Add unit tests for graph algorithms (BFS, DFS, Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford) #7133
- Created BellmanFordTest.java with 10 test methods covering various graph scenarios
- Created ConnectedComponentTest.java with 15 test methods for DFS-based component counting
- Enhanced MatrixGraphsTest.java with additional BFS/DFS test cases
- Enhanced DijkstraAlgorithmTest.java with comprehensive shortest path tests
Fixes#7133
* fix: format files using clang
* fix: removing my changes on pull_request_template
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Co-authored-by: prashantdubeypng <vinoddubey6059@gmail.com>
* Add Snell's Law implementation for refraction angle
* Add tests for Snell's Law calculations
* Update documentation with reference link to Snell's Law
Added a reference link to Snell's Law in the documentation.
* Prevent instantiation of SnellLaw class
Make SnellLaw class non-instantiable by adding a private constructor.
* Rename SnellsLawTest to SnellLawTest
* Refactor SnellLawTest for clarity and accuracy
* Rename SnellsLaw.java to SnellLaw.java
* Refactor SnellLawTest with additional assertions
* Refactor SnellLaw class constructor and error handling
Refactor SnellLaw constructor and error message formatting.
* Fix missing newline at end of SnellLawTest.java
Ensure that the SnellLawTest class has a newline at the end of the file.
* Simplify assertions in SnellLawTest
* Simplify exception throwing for total internal reflection
* Add Gomory–Hu Tree (all-pairs min-cuts via n1 max-flows)
* Stabilize Monte Carlo integration with antithetic variates to reduce variance
* Fix Checkstyle in GomoryHuTreeTest: remove inner assignments, add braces, split declarations
* SpotBugs: use RandomGenerator interface in test helper
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Co-authored-by: Deniz Altunkapan <deniz.altunkapan@outlook.com>
