Add XOR Cipher (#5490)

DIRECTORY.md

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
             * [RSA](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/ciphers/RSA.java)
             * [SimpleSubCipher](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/ciphers/SimpleSubCipher.java)
             * [Vigenere](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/ciphers/Vigenere.java)
+            * [XORCipher](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/ciphers/XORCipher.java)
           * conversions
             * [AffineConverter](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/conversions/AffineConverter.java)
             * [AnyBaseToAnyBase](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/conversions/AnyBaseToAnyBase.java)
@@ -619,6 +620,7 @@
             * [RSATest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/ciphers/RSATest.java)
             * [SimpleSubCipherTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/ciphers/SimpleSubCipherTest.java)
             * [VigenereTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/ciphers/VigenereTest.java)
+            * [XORCipherTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/ciphers/XORCipherTest.java)
           * conversions
             * [AnyBaseToDecimalTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/conversions/AnyBaseToDecimalTest.java)
             * [BinaryToDecimalTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/conversions/BinaryToDecimalTest.java)

src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/ciphers/XORCipher.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.ciphers;
+
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.HexFormat;
+
+/**
+ * A simple implementation of XOR cipher that, given a key, allows to encrypt and decrypt a plaintext.
+ *
+ * @author <a href="https://github.com/lcsjunior">lcsjunior</a>
+ *
+ */
+public final class XORCipher {
+
+    private static final Charset CS_DEFAULT = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
+
+    private XORCipher() {
+    }
+
+    public static byte[] xor(final byte[] inputBytes, final byte[] keyBytes) {
+        byte[] outputBytes = new byte[inputBytes.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < inputBytes.length; ++i) {
+            outputBytes[i] = (byte) (inputBytes[i] ^ keyBytes[i % keyBytes.length]);
+        }
+        return outputBytes;
+    }
+
+    public static String encrypt(final String plainText, final String key) {
+        byte[] plainTextBytes = plainText.getBytes(CS_DEFAULT);
+        byte[] keyBytes = key.getBytes(CS_DEFAULT);
+        byte[] xorResult = xor(plainTextBytes, keyBytes);
+        return HexFormat.of().formatHex(xorResult);
+    }
+
+    public static String decrypt(final String cipherText, final String key) {
+        byte[] cipherBytes = HexFormat.of().parseHex(cipherText);
+        byte[] keyBytes = key.getBytes(CS_DEFAULT);
+        byte[] xorResult = xor(cipherBytes, keyBytes);
+        return new String(xorResult, CS_DEFAULT);
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/ciphers/XORCipherTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.ciphers;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class XORCipherTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void xorEncryptTest() {
+        // given
+        String plaintext = "My t&xt th@t will be ençrypted...";
+        String key = "My ç&cret key!";
+
+        // when
+        String cipherText = XORCipher.encrypt(plaintext, key);
+
+        // then
+        assertEquals("000000b7815e1752111c601f450e48211500a1c206061ca6d35212150d4429570eed", cipherText);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void xorDecryptTest() {
+        // given
+        String cipherText = "000000b7815e1752111c601f450e48211500a1c206061ca6d35212150d4429570eed";
+        String key = "My ç&cret key!";
+
+        // when
+        String plainText = XORCipher.decrypt(cipherText, key);
+
+        // then
+        assertEquals("My t&xt th@t will be ençrypted...", plainText);
+    }
+}