✨ Add support for Pydantic v2 (while keeping support for v1 if v2 is not available), including initial work by AntonDeMeester (#722)

Co-authored-by: Mohamed Farahat <farahats9@yahoo.com>
Co-authored-by: Stefan Borer <stefan.borer@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Peter Landry <peter.landry@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Anton De Meester <antondemeester+github@gmail.com>

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/app_testing/tutorial001/main.py

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def on_startup():
 
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), hero: HeroCreate):
-    db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
     session.add(db_hero)
     session.commit()
     session.refresh(db_hero)
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def update_hero(
     db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
     if not db_hero:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
-    hero_data = hero.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
     for key, value in hero_data.items():
         setattr(db_hero, key, value)
     session.add(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/app_testing/tutorial001_py310/main.py

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def on_startup():
 
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), hero: HeroCreate):
-    db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
     session.add(db_hero)
     session.commit()
     session.refresh(db_hero)
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ def update_hero(
     db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
     if not db_hero:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
-    hero_data = hero.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
     for key, value in hero_data.items():
         setattr(db_hero, key, value)
     session.add(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/app_testing/tutorial001_py39/main.py

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def on_startup():
 
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), hero: HeroCreate):
-    db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
     session.add(db_hero)
     session.commit()
     session.refresh(db_hero)
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def update_hero(
     db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
     if not db_hero:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
-    hero_data = hero.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
     for key, value in hero_data.items():
         setattr(db_hero, key, value)
     session.add(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/delete/tutorial001.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def on_startup():
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
     with Session(engine) as session:
-        db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
         session.add(db_hero)
         session.commit()
         session.refresh(db_hero)
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate):
         db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
         if not db_hero:
             raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
-        hero_data = hero.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+        hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
         for key, value in hero_data.items():
             setattr(db_hero, key, value)
         session.add(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/delete/tutorial001_py310.py

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def on_startup():
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
     with Session(engine) as session:
-        db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
         session.add(db_hero)
         session.commit()
         session.refresh(db_hero)
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate):
         db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
         if not db_hero:
             raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
-        hero_data = hero.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+        hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
         for key, value in hero_data.items():
             setattr(db_hero, key, value)
         session.add(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/delete/tutorial001_py39.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def on_startup():
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
     with Session(engine) as session:
-        db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
         session.add(db_hero)
         session.commit()
         session.refresh(db_hero)
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate):
         db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
         if not db_hero:
             raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
-        hero_data = hero.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+        hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
         for key, value in hero_data.items():
             setattr(db_hero, key, value)
         session.add(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/limit_and_offset/tutorial001.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def on_startup():
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
     with Session(engine) as session:
-        db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
         session.add(db_hero)
         session.commit()
         session.refresh(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/limit_and_offset/tutorial001_py310.py

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def on_startup():
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
     with Session(engine) as session:
-        db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
         session.add(db_hero)
         session.commit()
         session.refresh(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/limit_and_offset/tutorial001_py39.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def on_startup():
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
     with Session(engine) as session:
-        db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
         session.add(db_hero)
         session.commit()
         session.refresh(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/multiple_models/tutorial001.py

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def on_startup():
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
     with Session(engine) as session:
-        db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
         session.add(db_hero)
         session.commit()
         session.refresh(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/multiple_models/tutorial001_py310.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def on_startup():
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
     with Session(engine) as session:
-        db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
         session.add(db_hero)
         session.commit()
         session.refresh(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/multiple_models/tutorial001_py39.py

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def on_startup():
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
     with Session(engine) as session:
-        db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
         session.add(db_hero)
         session.commit()
         session.refresh(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/multiple_models/tutorial002.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def on_startup():
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
     with Session(engine) as session:
-        db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
         session.add(db_hero)
         session.commit()
         session.refresh(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/multiple_models/tutorial002_py310.py

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def on_startup():
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
     with Session(engine) as session:
-        db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
         session.add(db_hero)
         session.commit()
         session.refresh(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/multiple_models/tutorial002_py39.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def on_startup():
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
     with Session(engine) as session:
-        db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
         session.add(db_hero)
         session.commit()
         session.refresh(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/read_one/tutorial001.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def on_startup():
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
     with Session(engine) as session:
-        db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
         session.add(db_hero)
         session.commit()
         session.refresh(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/read_one/tutorial001_py310.py

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def on_startup():
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
     with Session(engine) as session:
-        db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
         session.add(db_hero)
         session.commit()
         session.refresh(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/read_one/tutorial001_py39.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def on_startup():
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
     with Session(engine) as session:
-        db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
         session.add(db_hero)
         session.commit()
         session.refresh(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/relationships/tutorial001.py

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ def on_startup():
 
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), hero: HeroCreate):
-    db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
     session.add(db_hero)
     session.commit()
     session.refresh(db_hero)
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ def update_hero(
     db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
     if not db_hero:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
-    hero_data = hero.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
     for key, value in hero_data.items():
         setattr(db_hero, key, value)
     session.add(db_hero)
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ def delete_hero(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), hero_id: int):
 
 @app.post("/teams/", response_model=TeamRead)
 def create_team(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), team: TeamCreate):
-    db_team = Team.from_orm(team)
+    db_team = Team.model_validate(team)
     session.add(db_team)
     session.commit()
     session.refresh(db_team)
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ def update_team(
     db_team = session.get(Team, team_id)
     if not db_team:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Team not found")
-    team_data = team.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+    team_data = team.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
     for key, value in team_data.items():
         setattr(db_team, key, value)
     session.add(db_team)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/relationships/tutorial001_py310.py

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ def on_startup():
 
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), hero: HeroCreate):
-    db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
     session.add(db_hero)
     session.commit()
     session.refresh(db_hero)
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ def update_hero(
     db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
     if not db_hero:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
-    hero_data = hero.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
     for key, value in hero_data.items():
         setattr(db_hero, key, value)
     session.add(db_hero)
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ def delete_hero(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), hero_id: int):
 
 @app.post("/teams/", response_model=TeamRead)
 def create_team(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), team: TeamCreate):
-    db_team = Team.from_orm(team)
+    db_team = Team.model_validate(team)
     session.add(db_team)
     session.commit()
     session.refresh(db_team)
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ def update_team(
     db_team = session.get(Team, team_id)
     if not db_team:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Team not found")
-    team_data = team.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+    team_data = team.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
     for key, value in team_data.items():
         setattr(db_team, key, value)
     session.add(db_team)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/relationships/tutorial001_py39.py

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ def on_startup():
 
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), hero: HeroCreate):
-    db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
     session.add(db_hero)
     session.commit()
     session.refresh(db_hero)
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ def update_hero(
     db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
     if not db_hero:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
-    hero_data = hero.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
     for key, value in hero_data.items():
         setattr(db_hero, key, value)
     session.add(db_hero)
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ def delete_hero(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), hero_id: int):
 
 @app.post("/teams/", response_model=TeamRead)
 def create_team(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), team: TeamCreate):
-    db_team = Team.from_orm(team)
+    db_team = Team.model_validate(team)
     session.add(db_team)
     session.commit()
     session.refresh(db_team)
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ def update_team(
     db_team = session.get(Team, team_id)
     if not db_team:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Team not found")
-    team_data = team.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+    team_data = team.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
     for key, value in team_data.items():
         setattr(db_team, key, value)
     session.add(db_team)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/session_with_dependency/tutorial001.py

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def on_startup():
 
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), hero: HeroCreate):
-    db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
     session.add(db_hero)
     session.commit()
     session.refresh(db_hero)
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def update_hero(
     db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
     if not db_hero:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
-    hero_data = hero.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
     for key, value in hero_data.items():
         setattr(db_hero, key, value)
     session.add(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/session_with_dependency/tutorial001_py310.py

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def on_startup():
 
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), hero: HeroCreate):
-    db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
     session.add(db_hero)
     session.commit()
     session.refresh(db_hero)
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ def update_hero(
     db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
     if not db_hero:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
-    hero_data = hero.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
     for key, value in hero_data.items():
         setattr(db_hero, key, value)
     session.add(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/session_with_dependency/tutorial001_py39.py

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def on_startup():
 
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), hero: HeroCreate):
-    db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
     session.add(db_hero)
     session.commit()
     session.refresh(db_hero)
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def update_hero(
     db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
     if not db_hero:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
-    hero_data = hero.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
     for key, value in hero_data.items():
         setattr(db_hero, key, value)
     session.add(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/teams/tutorial001.py

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def on_startup():
 
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), hero: HeroCreate):
-    db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
     session.add(db_hero)
     session.commit()
     session.refresh(db_hero)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ def update_hero(
     db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
     if not db_hero:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
-    hero_data = hero.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
     for key, value in hero_data.items():
         setattr(db_hero, key, value)
     session.add(db_hero)
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ def delete_hero(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), hero_id: int):
 
 @app.post("/teams/", response_model=TeamRead)
 def create_team(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), team: TeamCreate):
-    db_team = Team.from_orm(team)
+    db_team = Team.model_validate(team)
     session.add(db_team)
     session.commit()
     session.refresh(db_team)
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ def update_team(
     db_team = session.get(Team, team_id)
     if not db_team:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Team not found")
-    team_data = team.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+    team_data = team.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
     for key, value in team_data.items():
         setattr(db_team, key, value)
     session.add(db_team)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/teams/tutorial001_py310.py

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def on_startup():
 
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), hero: HeroCreate):
-    db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
     session.add(db_hero)
     session.commit()
     session.refresh(db_hero)
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ def update_hero(
     db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
     if not db_hero:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
-    hero_data = hero.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
     for key, value in hero_data.items():
         setattr(db_hero, key, value)
     session.add(db_hero)
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ def delete_hero(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), hero_id: int):
 
 @app.post("/teams/", response_model=TeamRead)
 def create_team(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), team: TeamCreate):
-    db_team = Team.from_orm(team)
+    db_team = Team.model_validate(team)
     session.add(db_team)
     session.commit()
     session.refresh(db_team)
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ def update_team(
     db_team = session.get(Team, team_id)
     if not db_team:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Team not found")
-    team_data = team.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+    team_data = team.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
     for key, value in team_data.items():
         setattr(db_team, key, value)
     session.add(db_team)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/teams/tutorial001_py39.py

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def on_startup():
 
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), hero: HeroCreate):
-    db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+    db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
     session.add(db_hero)
     session.commit()
     session.refresh(db_hero)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ def update_hero(
     db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
     if not db_hero:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
-    hero_data = hero.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+    hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
     for key, value in hero_data.items():
         setattr(db_hero, key, value)
     session.add(db_hero)
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ def delete_hero(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), hero_id: int):
 
 @app.post("/teams/", response_model=TeamRead)
 def create_team(*, session: Session = Depends(get_session), team: TeamCreate):
-    db_team = Team.from_orm(team)
+    db_team = Team.model_validate(team)
     session.add(db_team)
     session.commit()
     session.refresh(db_team)
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ def update_team(
     db_team = session.get(Team, team_id)
     if not db_team:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Team not found")
-    team_data = team.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+    team_data = team.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
     for key, value in team_data.items():
         setattr(db_team, key, value)
     session.add(db_team)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/update/tutorial001.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def on_startup():
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
     with Session(engine) as session:
-        db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
         session.add(db_hero)
         session.commit()
         session.refresh(db_hero)
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate):
         db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
         if not db_hero:
             raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
-        hero_data = hero.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+        hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
         for key, value in hero_data.items():
             setattr(db_hero, key, value)
         session.add(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/update/tutorial001_py310.py

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def on_startup():
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
     with Session(engine) as session:
-        db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
         session.add(db_hero)
         session.commit()
         session.refresh(db_hero)
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate):
         db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
         if not db_hero:
             raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
-        hero_data = hero.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+        hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
         for key, value in hero_data.items():
             setattr(db_hero, key, value)
         session.add(db_hero)

docs_src/tutorial/fastapi/update/tutorial001_py39.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def on_startup():
 @app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroRead)
 def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
     with Session(engine) as session:
-        db_hero = Hero.from_orm(hero)
+        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
         session.add(db_hero)
         session.commit()
         session.refresh(db_hero)
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate):
         db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
         if not db_hero:
             raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
-        hero_data = hero.dict(exclude_unset=True)
+        hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
         for key, value in hero_data.items():
             setattr(db_hero, key, value)
         session.add(db_hero)