diff --git a/backend/app/api/v1/api.py b/backend/app/api/v1/api.py
index a344671..75315f0 100644
--- a/backend/app/api/v1/api.py
+++ b/backend/app/api/v1/api.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from typing import Annotated
 
-from fastapi import APIRouter, Query, Request
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Query
 
 from backend.app.common.casbin_rbac import DependsRBAC
 from backend.app.common.pagination import PageDepends, paging_data
@@ -33,14 +33,14 @@ async def get_all_apis(
 
 
 @router.post('', summary='创建接口', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
-async def create_api(request: Request, obj: CreateApi):
-    await ApiService.create(obj=obj, user_id=request.user.id)
+async def create_api(obj: CreateApi):
+    await ApiService.create(obj=obj)
     return await response_base.success()
 
 
 @router.put('/{pk}', summary='更新接口', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
-async def update_api(request: Request, pk: int, obj: UpdateApi):
-    count = await ApiService.update(pk=pk, obj=obj, user_id=request.user.id)
+async def update_api(pk: int, obj: UpdateApi):
+    count = await ApiService.update(pk=pk, obj=obj)
     if count > 0:
         return await response_base.success()
     return await response_base.fail()
diff --git a/backend/app/api/v1/casbin.py b/backend/app/api/v1/casbin.py
index 1cb26bc..e1fd747 100644
--- a/backend/app/api/v1/casbin.py
+++ b/backend/app/api/v1/casbin.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ from backend.app.services.casbin_service import CasbinService
 router = APIRouter()
 
 
-@router.get('', summary='（模糊条件）分页获取所有 casbin 规则', dependencies=[DependsRBAC, PageDepends])
+@router.get('', summary='（模糊条件）分页获取所有权限规则', dependencies=[DependsRBAC, PageDepends])
 async def get_all_casbin(
     db: CurrentSession,
     ptype: Annotated[str | None, Query()] = None,
@@ -32,13 +32,13 @@ async def get_all_casbin(
     return await response_base.success(data=page_data)
 
 
-@router.get('/policy', summary='获取所有 P 规则', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
+@router.get('/policy', summary='获取所有访问权限规则', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
 async def get_all_policies():
     policies = await CasbinService.get_policy_list()
     return await response_base.success(data=policies)
 
 
-@router.post('/policy', summary='添加基于角色(主)/用户(次)的访问权限', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
+@router.post('/policy', summary='添加访问权限', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
 async def create_policy(p: CreatePolicy):
     """
     p 规则:
@@ -53,25 +53,25 @@ async def create_policy(p: CreatePolicy):
     return await response_base.success(data=data)
 
 
-@router.put('/policy', summary='更新基于角色(主)/用户(次)的访问权限', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
+@router.put('/policy', summary='更新访问权限', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
 async def update_policy(old: UpdatePolicy, new: UpdatePolicy):
     data = await CasbinService.update_policy(old=old, new=new)
     return await response_base.success(data=data)
 
 
-@router.delete('/policy', summary='删除基于角色(主)/用户的访问权限', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
+@router.delete('/policy', summary='删除访问权限', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
 async def delete_policy(p: DeletePolicy):
     data = await CasbinService.delete_policy(p=p)
     return await response_base.success(data=data)
 
 
-@router.get('/group', summary='获取所有 g 规则', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
+@router.get('/group', summary='获取所有组访问权限规则', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
 async def get_all_groups():
     data = await CasbinService.get_group_list()
     return await response_base.success(data=data)
 
 
-@router.post('/group', summary='添加基于用户组的访问权限', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
+@router.post('/group', summary='添加组访问权限', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
 async def create_group(g: CreateUserRole):
     """
     g 规则 (**依赖 p 规则**):
@@ -79,14 +79,14 @@ async def create_group(g: CreateUserRole):
     - 如果在 p 规则中添加了基于角色的访问权限, 则还需要在 g 规则中添加基于用户组的访问权限, 才能真正拥有访问权限<br>
     **格式**: 用户 uuid + 角色 role
 
-    - 如果在p策略中添加了基于用户的访问权限, 则不添加相应的 g 规则能直接拥有访问权限<br>
+    - 如果在 p 策略中添加了基于用户的访问权限, 则不添加相应的 g 规则能直接拥有访问权限<br>
     但是拥有的不是用户角色的所有权限, 而只是单一的对应的 p 规则所添加的访问权限
     """
     data = await CasbinService.create_group(g=g)
     return await response_base.success(data=data)
 
 
-@router.delete('/group', summary='删除基于用户组的访问权限', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
+@router.delete('/group', summary='删除组访问权限', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
 async def delete_group(g: DeleteUserRole):
     data = await CasbinService.delete_group(g=g)
     return await response_base.success(data=data)
diff --git a/backend/app/api/v1/dept.py b/backend/app/api/v1/dept.py
index 9a4861d..f152044 100644
--- a/backend/app/api/v1/dept.py
+++ b/backend/app/api/v1/dept.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from typing import Annotated
 
-from fastapi import APIRouter, Query, Request
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Query
 
 from backend.app.common.casbin_rbac import DependsRBAC
 from backend.app.common.response.response_schema import response_base
@@ -33,14 +33,14 @@ async def get_all_depts(
 
 
 @router.post('', summary='创建部门', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
-async def create_dept(request: Request, obj: CreateDept):
-    await DeptService.create(obj=obj, user_id=request.user.id)
+async def create_dept(obj: CreateDept):
+    await DeptService.create(obj=obj)
     return await response_base.success()
 
 
 @router.put('/{pk}', summary='更新部门', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
-async def update_dept(request: Request, pk: int, obj: UpdateDept):
-    count = await DeptService.update(pk=pk, obj=obj, user_id=request.user.id)
+async def update_dept(pk: int, obj: UpdateDept):
+    count = await DeptService.update(pk=pk, obj=obj)
     if count > 0:
         return await response_base.success()
     return await response_base.fail()
diff --git a/backend/app/api/v1/dict_data.py b/backend/app/api/v1/dict_data.py
index c9cdcf8..1978c28 100644
--- a/backend/app/api/v1/dict_data.py
+++ b/backend/app/api/v1/dict_data.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from typing import Annotated
 
-from fastapi import APIRouter, Query, Request
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Query
 
 from backend.app.common.casbin_rbac import DependsRBAC
 from backend.app.common.pagination import PageDepends, paging_data
@@ -35,14 +35,14 @@ async def get_all_dict_datas(
 
 
 @router.post('', summary='创建字典', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
-async def create_dict_data(request: Request, obj: CreateDictData):
-    await DictDataService.create(obj=obj, user_id=request.user.id)
+async def create_dict_data(obj: CreateDictData):
+    await DictDataService.create(obj=obj)
     return await response_base.success()
 
 
 @router.put('/{pk}', summary='更新字典', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
-async def update_dict_data(request: Request, pk: int, obj: UpdateDictData):
-    count = await DictDataService.update(pk=pk, obj=obj, user_id=request.user.id)
+async def update_dict_data(pk: int, obj: UpdateDictData):
+    count = await DictDataService.update(pk=pk, obj=obj)
     if count > 0:
         return await response_base.success()
     return await response_base.fail()
diff --git a/backend/app/api/v1/dict_type.py b/backend/app/api/v1/dict_type.py
index c69f3f4..0c85c86 100644
--- a/backend/app/api/v1/dict_type.py
+++ b/backend/app/api/v1/dict_type.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from typing import Annotated
 
-from fastapi import APIRouter, Query, Request
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Query
 
 from backend.app.common.casbin_rbac import DependsRBAC
 from backend.app.common.pagination import PageDepends, paging_data
@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ async def get_all_dict_types(
 
 
 @router.post('', summary='创建字典类型', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
-async def create_dict_type(request: Request, obj: CreateDictType):
-    await DictTypeService.create(obj=obj, user_id=request.user.id)
+async def create_dict_type(obj: CreateDictType):
+    await DictTypeService.create(obj=obj)
     return await response_base.success()
 
 
 @router.put('/{pk}', summary='更新字典类型', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
-async def update_dict_type(request: Request, pk: int, obj: UpdateDictType):
-    count = await DictTypeService.update(pk=pk, obj=obj, user_id=request.user.id)
+async def update_dict_type(pk: int, obj: UpdateDictType):
+    count = await DictTypeService.update(pk=pk, obj=obj)
     if count > 0:
         return await response_base.success()
     return await response_base.fail()
diff --git a/backend/app/api/v1/menu.py b/backend/app/api/v1/menu.py
index 1ef84c9..cf725b0 100644
--- a/backend/app/api/v1/menu.py
+++ b/backend/app/api/v1/menu.py
@@ -36,14 +36,14 @@ async def get_all_menus(
 
 
 @router.post('', summary='创建菜单', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
-async def create_menu(request: Request, obj: CreateMenu):
-    await MenuService.create(obj=obj, user_id=request.user.id)
+async def create_menu(obj: CreateMenu):
+    await MenuService.create(obj=obj)
     return await response_base.success()
 
 
 @router.put('/{pk}', summary='更新菜单', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
-async def update_menu(request: Request, pk: int, obj: UpdateMenu):
-    count = await MenuService.update(pk=pk, obj=obj, user_id=request.user.id)
+async def update_menu(pk: int, obj: UpdateMenu):
+    count = await MenuService.update(pk=pk, obj=obj)
     if count > 0:
         return await response_base.success()
     return await response_base.fail()
diff --git a/backend/app/api/v1/role.py b/backend/app/api/v1/role.py
index e9ad1d4..f0ed846 100644
--- a/backend/app/api/v1/role.py
+++ b/backend/app/api/v1/role.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from typing import Annotated
 
-from fastapi import APIRouter, Query, Request
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Query
 
 from backend.app.common.casbin_rbac import DependsRBAC
 from backend.app.common.pagination import PageDepends, paging_data
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ async def get_all_roles(
 
 
 @router.post('', summary='创建角色', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
-async def create_role(request: Request, obj: CreateRole):
-    await RoleService.create(obj=obj, user_id=request.user.id)
+async def create_role(obj: CreateRole):
+    await RoleService.create(obj=obj)
     return await response_base.success()
 
 
 @router.put('/{pk}', summary='更新角色', dependencies=[DependsRBAC])
-async def update_role(request: Request, pk: int, obj: UpdateRole):
-    count = await RoleService.update(pk=pk, obj=obj, user_id=request.user.id)
+async def update_role(pk: int, obj: UpdateRole):
+    count = await RoleService.update(pk=pk, obj=obj)
     if count > 0:
         return await response_base.success()
     return await response_base.fail()
diff --git a/backend/app/common/casbin_rbac.py b/backend/app/common/casbin_rbac.py
index c007d15..b3f4bf0 100644
--- a/backend/app/common/casbin_rbac.py
+++ b/backend/app/common/casbin_rbac.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class RBAC:
                 raise AuthorizationError
         else:
             # casbin 权限校验
-            user_uuid = request.user.user_uuid
+            user_uuid = request.user.uuid
             enforcer = self.enforcer()
             if not enforcer.enforce(user_uuid, path, method):
                 raise AuthorizationError
diff --git a/backend/app/common/exception/exception_handler.py b/backend/app/common/exception/exception_handler.py
index 4668cc9..f500d64 100644
--- a/backend/app/common/exception/exception_handler.py
+++ b/backend/app/common/exception/exception_handler.py
@@ -86,9 +86,7 @@ def register_exception(app: FastAPI):
                 for error in raw_exc.errors()[:1]:
                     field = str(error.get('loc')[-1])
                     msg = error.get('msg')
-                    message += (
-                        f'{data.get(field, field) if field != "__root__" else ""} {msg}' + '.'
-                    )
+                    message += f'{data.get(field, field) if field != "__root__" else ""} {msg}' + '.'
             elif isinstance(raw_error.exc, json.JSONDecodeError):
                 message += 'json解析失败'
         content = {
diff --git a/backend/app/common/jwt.py b/backend/app/common/jwt.py
index 25fe3ee..742d4be 100644
--- a/backend/app/common/jwt.py
+++ b/backend/app/common/jwt.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from backend.app.common.redis import redis_client
 from backend.app.core.conf import settings
 from backend.app.crud.crud_user import UserDao
 from backend.app.models import User
+from backend.app.utils.timezone import timezone_utils
 
 pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=['bcrypt'], deprecated='auto')
 
@@ -54,10 +55,10 @@ async def create_access_token(sub: str, expires_delta: timedelta | None = None,
     :return:
     """
     if expires_delta:
-        expire = datetime.now() + expires_delta
+        expire = timezone_utils.get_timezone_expire_time(expires_delta)
         expire_seconds = int(expires_delta.total_seconds())
     else:
-        expire = datetime.now() + timedelta(seconds=settings.TOKEN_EXPIRE_SECONDS)
+        expire = timezone_utils.get_timezone_expire_time(timedelta(seconds=settings.TOKEN_EXPIRE_SECONDS))
         expire_seconds = settings.TOKEN_EXPIRE_SECONDS
     multi_login = kwargs.pop('multi_login', None)
     to_encode = {'exp': expire, 'sub': sub, **kwargs}
@@ -80,9 +81,9 @@ async def create_refresh_token(sub: str, expire_time: datetime | None = None, **
     """
     if expire_time:
         expire = expire_time + timedelta(seconds=settings.TOKEN_REFRESH_EXPIRE_SECONDS)
-        expire_seconds = int((expire - datetime.now()).total_seconds())
+        expire_seconds = timezone_utils.get_timezone_expire_seconds(expire_time)
     else:
-        expire = datetime.now() + timedelta(seconds=settings.TOKEN_REFRESH_EXPIRE_SECONDS)
+        expire = timezone_utils.get_timezone_expire_time(timedelta(seconds=settings.TOKEN_EXPIRE_SECONDS))
         expire_seconds = settings.TOKEN_REFRESH_EXPIRE_SECONDS
     multi_login = kwargs.pop('multi_login', None)
     to_encode = {'exp': expire, 'sub': sub, **kwargs}
diff --git a/backend/app/common/response/response_code.py b/backend/app/common/response/response_code.py
index 3a9aa06..ae341e0 100644
--- a/backend/app/common/response/response_code.py
+++ b/backend/app/common/response/response_code.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ class CustomCode(Enum):
     自定义错误码
     """
 
-    CAPTCHA_ERROR = (40001, '图形验证码错误')
+    CAPTCHA_ERROR = (40001, '验证码错误')
 
     @property
     def code(self):
diff --git a/backend/app/crud/base.py b/backend/app/crud/base.py
index b8b7754..dfd37da 100644
--- a/backend/app/crud/base.py
+++ b/backend/app/crud/base.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel
 from sqlalchemy import select, update, delete, and_
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
-from backend.app.database.base_class import MappedBase
+from backend.app.models.base import MappedBase
 
 ModelType = TypeVar('ModelType', bound=MappedBase)
 CreateSchemaType = TypeVar('CreateSchemaType', bound=BaseModel)
diff --git a/backend/app/crud/crud_api.py b/backend/app/crud/crud_api.py
index 7d5fd0d..c315051 100644
--- a/backend/app/crud/crud_api.py
+++ b/backend/app/crud/crud_api.py
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ class CRUDApi(CRUDBase[Api, CreateApi, UpdateApi]):
         api = await db.execute(select(self.model).where(self.model.name == name))
         return api.scalars().first()
 
-    async def create(self, db: AsyncSession, obj_in: CreateApi, user_id: int) -> NoReturn:
-        await self.create_(db, obj_in, user_id)
+    async def create(self, db: AsyncSession, obj_in: CreateApi) -> NoReturn:
+        await self.create_(db, obj_in)
 
-    async def update(self, db: AsyncSession, pk: int, obj_in: UpdateApi, user_id: int) -> int:
-        return await self.update_(db, pk, obj_in, user_id)
+    async def update(self, db: AsyncSession, pk: int, obj_in: UpdateApi) -> int:
+        return await self.update_(db, pk, obj_in)
 
     async def delete(self, db: AsyncSession, pk: list[int]) -> int:
         apis = await db.execute(delete(self.model).where(self.model.id.in_(pk)))
diff --git a/backend/app/crud/crud_dept.py b/backend/app/crud/crud_dept.py
index 7418c6d..0661d68 100644
--- a/backend/app/crud/crud_dept.py
+++ b/backend/app/crud/crud_dept.py
@@ -36,13 +36,11 @@ class CRUDDept(CRUDBase[Dept, CreateDept, UpdateDept]):
         dept = await db.execute(se)
         return dept.scalars().all()
 
-    async def create(self, db: AsyncSession, obj_in: dict, user_id: int) -> None:
-        obj_in.update({'create_user': user_id})
-        obj = self.model(**obj_in)
-        db.add(obj)
+    async def create(self, db: AsyncSession, obj_in: CreateDept) -> None:
+        await self.create_(db, obj_in)
 
-    async def update(self, db: AsyncSession, dept_id: int, obj_in: dict, user_id: int) -> int:
-        return await self.update_(db, dept_id, obj_in, user_id=user_id)
+    async def update(self, db: AsyncSession, dept_id: int, obj_in: UpdateDept) -> int:
+        return await self.update_(db, dept_id, obj_in)
 
     async def delete(self, db: AsyncSession, dept_id: int) -> int:
         return await self.delete_(db, dept_id, del_flag=1)
diff --git a/backend/app/crud/crud_dict_data.py b/backend/app/crud/crud_dict_data.py
index 231b1f1..0b0ae7c 100644
--- a/backend/app/crud/crud_dict_data.py
+++ b/backend/app/crud/crud_dict_data.py
@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ class CRUDDictData(CRUDBase[DictData, CreateDictData, UpdateDictData]):
         api = await db.execute(select(self.model).where(self.model.label == label))
         return api.scalars().first()
 
-    async def create(self, db: AsyncSession, obj_in: CreateDictData, user_id: int) -> None:
-        await self.create_(db, obj_in, user_id)
+    async def create(self, db: AsyncSession, obj_in: CreateDictData) -> None:
+        await self.create_(db, obj_in)
 
-    async def update(self, db: AsyncSession, pk: int, obj_in: UpdateDictData, user_id: int) -> int:
-        return await self.update_(db, pk, obj_in, user_id)
+    async def update(self, db: AsyncSession, pk: int, obj_in: UpdateDictData) -> int:
+        return await self.update_(db, pk, obj_in)
 
     async def delete(self, db: AsyncSession, pk: list[int]) -> int:
         apis = await db.execute(delete(self.model).where(self.model.id.in_(pk)))
diff --git a/backend/app/crud/crud_dict_type.py b/backend/app/crud/crud_dict_type.py
index 33b334c..934eeaf 100644
--- a/backend/app/crud/crud_dict_type.py
+++ b/backend/app/crud/crud_dict_type.py
@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ class CRUDDictType(CRUDBase[DictType, CreateDictType, UpdateDictType]):
         dept = await db.execute(select(self.model).where(self.model.code == code))
         return dept.scalars().first()
 
-    async def create(self, db: AsyncSession, obj_in: CreateDictType, user_id: int) -> None:
-        await self.create_(db, obj_in, user_id)
+    async def create(self, db: AsyncSession, obj_in: CreateDictType) -> None:
+        await self.create_(db, obj_in)
 
-    async def update(self, db: AsyncSession, pk: int, obj_in: UpdateDictType, user_id: int) -> int:
-        return await self.update_(db, pk, obj_in, user_id)
+    async def update(self, db: AsyncSession, pk: int, obj_in: UpdateDictType) -> int:
+        return await self.update_(db, pk, obj_in)
 
     async def delete(self, db: AsyncSession, pk: list[int]) -> int:
         apis = await db.execute(delete(self.model).where(self.model.id.in_(pk)))
diff --git a/backend/app/crud/crud_login_log.py b/backend/app/crud/crud_login_log.py
index 11af50c..5dea793 100644
--- a/backend/app/crud/crud_login_log.py
+++ b/backend/app/crud/crud_login_log.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from backend.app.schemas.login_log import CreateLoginLog, UpdateLoginLog
 
 class CRUDLoginLog(CRUDBase[LoginLog, CreateLoginLog, UpdateLoginLog]):
     async def get_all(self, username: str | None = None, status: int | None = None, ip: str | None = None) -> Select:
-        se = select(self.model).order_by(desc(self.model.create_time))
+        se = select(self.model).order_by(desc(self.model.created_time))
         where_list = []
         if username:
             where_list.append(self.model.username.like(f'%{username}%'))
diff --git a/backend/app/crud/crud_menu.py b/backend/app/crud/crud_menu.py
index a7dbc5c..09a96c1 100644
--- a/backend/app/crud/crud_menu.py
+++ b/backend/app/crud/crud_menu.py
@@ -38,13 +38,11 @@ class CRUDMenu(CRUDBase[Menu, CreateMenu, UpdateMenu]):
         menu = await db.execute(se)
         return menu.scalars().all()
 
-    async def create(self, db, obj_in: dict, user_id: int) -> None:
-        obj_in.update({'create_user': user_id})
-        obj = self.model(**obj_in)
-        db.add(obj)
+    async def create(self, db, obj_in: CreateMenu) -> None:
+        await self.create_(db, obj_in)
 
-    async def update(self, db, menu_id: int, obj_in: dict, user_id: int) -> int:
-        return await self.update_(db, menu_id, obj_in, user_id)
+    async def update(self, db, menu_id: int, obj_in: UpdateMenu) -> int:
+        return await self.update_(db, menu_id, obj_in)
 
     async def delete(self, db, menu_id: int) -> int:
         return await self.delete_(db, menu_id)
diff --git a/backend/app/crud/crud_opera_log.py b/backend/app/crud/crud_opera_log.py
index 51635f1..04046a7 100644
--- a/backend/app/crud/crud_opera_log.py
+++ b/backend/app/crud/crud_opera_log.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from backend.app.schemas.opera_log import CreateOperaLog, UpdateOperaLog
 
 class CRUDOperaLogDao(CRUDBase[OperaLog, CreateOperaLog, UpdateOperaLog]):
     async def get_all(self, username: str | None = None, status: int | None = None, ip: str | None = None) -> Select:
-        se = select(self.model).order_by(desc(self.model.create_time))
+        se = select(self.model).order_by(desc(self.model.created_time))
         where_list = []
         if username:
             where_list.append(self.model.username.like(f'%{username}%'))
diff --git a/backend/app/crud/crud_role.py b/backend/app/crud/crud_role.py
index b8e2e84..1db5693 100644
--- a/backend/app/crud/crud_role.py
+++ b/backend/app/crud/crud_role.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from typing import NoReturn
 
-from sqlalchemy import select, update, delete
+from sqlalchemy import select, update, delete, desc
 from sqlalchemy.orm import selectinload
 
 from backend.app.crud.base import CRUDBase
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class CRUDRole(CRUDBase[Role, CreateRole, UpdateRole]):
         return role.scalars().first()
 
     async def get_all(self, name: str = None, data_scope: int = None):
-        se = select(self.model).options(selectinload(self.model.menus)).order_by(self.model.created_time.desc())
+        se = select(self.model).options(selectinload(self.model.menus)).order_by(desc(self.model.created_time))
         where_list = []
         if name:
             where_list.append(self.model.name.like(f'%{name}%'))
@@ -35,19 +35,17 @@ class CRUDRole(CRUDBase[Role, CreateRole, UpdateRole]):
         role = await db.execute(select(self.model).where(self.model.name == name))
         return role.scalars().first()
 
-    async def create(self, db, obj_in: CreateRole, user_id: int) -> NoReturn:
-        new_role = self.model(**obj_in.dict(exclude={'menus'}), create_user=user_id)
+    async def create(self, db, obj_in: CreateRole) -> NoReturn:
+        new_role = self.model(**obj_in.dict(exclude={'menus'}))
         menu_list = []
         for menu_id in obj_in.menus:
             menu_list.append(await db.get(Menu, menu_id))
         new_role.menus.append(*menu_list)
         db.add(new_role)
 
-    async def update(self, db, role_id: int, obj_in: UpdateRole, user_id: int) -> int:
+    async def update(self, db, role_id: int, obj_in: UpdateRole) -> int:
         role = await db.execute(
-            update(self.model)
-            .where(self.model.id == role_id)
-            .values(**obj_in.dict(exclude={'menus'}), update_user=user_id)
+            update(self.model).where(self.model.id == role_id).values(**obj_in.dict(exclude={'menus'}))
         )
         current_role = await self.get_with_relation(db, role_id)
         # 删除角色所有菜单
diff --git a/backend/app/crud/crud_user.py b/backend/app/crud/crud_user.py
index aa1bf9f..94491ac 100644
--- a/backend/app/crud/crud_user.py
+++ b/backend/app/crud/crud_user.py
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ class CRUDUser(CRUDBase[User, CreateUser, UpdateUser]):
         return user.scalars().first()
 
     async def update_login_time(self, db: AsyncSession, username: str, login_time: datetime) -> int:
-        user = await db.execute(update(self.model).where(self.model.username == username).values(last_login=login_time))
+        user = await db.execute(
+            update(self.model).where(self.model.username == username).values(last_login_time=login_time)
+        )
         await db.commit()
         return user.rowcount
 
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ class CRUDUser(CRUDBase[User, CreateUser, UpdateUser]):
             select(self.model)
             .options(selectinload(self.model.dept))
             .options(selectinload(self.model.roles).selectinload(Role.menus))
-            .order_by(desc(self.model.time_joined))
+            .order_by(desc(self.model.join_time))
         )
         where_list = []
         if username:
diff --git a/backend/app/database/db_mysql.py b/backend/app/database/db_mysql.py
index 4313626..1448ed3 100644
--- a/backend/app/database/db_mysql.py
+++ b/backend/app/database/db_mysql.py
@@ -9,11 +9,7 @@ from typing_extensions import Annotated
 
 from backend.app.common.log import log
 from backend.app.core.conf import settings
-from backend.app.database.base_class import MappedBase
-
-""" 
-说明：SqlAlchemy
-"""
+from backend.app.models.base import MappedBase
 
 
 def create_engine_and_session(url: str | URL):
@@ -38,11 +34,7 @@ async_engine, async_db_session = create_engine_and_session(SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_U
 
 
 async def get_db() -> AsyncSession:
-    """
-    session 生成器
-
-    :return:
-    """
+    """session 生成器"""
     session = async_db_session()
     try:
         yield session
@@ -58,8 +50,6 @@ CurrentSession = Annotated[AsyncSession, Depends(get_db)]
 
 
 async def create_table():
-    """
-    创建数据库表
-    """
+    """创建数据库表"""
     async with async_engine.begin() as coon:
         await coon.run_sync(MappedBase.metadata.create_all)
diff --git a/backend/app/init_test_data.py b/backend/app/init_test_data.py
index 802c0cc..7cef7c9 100644
--- a/backend/app/init_test_data.py
+++ b/backend/app/init_test_data.py
@@ -21,15 +21,15 @@ class InitTestData:
     async def create_dept(self):
         """自动创建部门"""
         async with self.session.begin() as db:
-            department_obj = Dept(name='test', create_user=1)
+            department_obj = Dept(name='test')
             db.add(department_obj)
         log.info('部门 test 创建成功')
 
     async def create_role(self):
         """自动创建角色"""
         async with self.session.begin() as db:
-            role_obj = Role(name='test', create_user=1)
-            role_obj.menus.append(Menu(name='test', create_user=1))
+            role_obj = Role(name='test')
+            role_obj.menus.append(Menu(name='test'))
             db.add(role_obj)
         log.info('角色 test 创建成功')
 
diff --git a/backend/app/middleware/access_middleware.py b/backend/app/middleware/access_middleware.py
index f85c76c..24594a6 100644
--- a/backend/app/middleware/access_middleware.py
+++ b/backend/app/middleware/access_middleware.py
@@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from datetime import datetime
-
 from fastapi import Request, Response
 from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware, RequestResponseEndpoint
 
 from backend.app.common.log import log
+from backend.app.utils.timezone import timezone_utils
 
 
 class AccessMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
     """记录请求日志中间件"""
 
     async def dispatch(self, request: Request, call_next: RequestResponseEndpoint) -> Response:
-        start_time = datetime.now()
+        start_time = timezone_utils.get_timezone_datetime()
         response = await call_next(request)
-        end_time = datetime.now()
+        end_time = timezone_utils.get_timezone_datetime()
         log.info(f'{response.status_code} {request.client.host} {request.method} {request.url} {end_time - start_time}')
         return response
diff --git a/backend/app/middleware/opera_log_middleware.py b/backend/app/middleware/opera_log_middleware.py
index 3e3e7f8..2da8fdb 100644
--- a/backend/app/middleware/opera_log_middleware.py
+++ b/backend/app/middleware/opera_log_middleware.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Any
 
 from asgiref.sync import sync_to_async
@@ -16,6 +15,7 @@ from backend.app.schemas.opera_log import CreateOperaLog
 from backend.app.services.opera_log_service import OperaLogService
 from backend.app.utils.encrypt import AESCipher, Md5Cipher
 from backend.app.utils.request_parse import parse_user_agent_info, parse_ip_info
+from backend.app.utils.timezone import timezone_utils
 
 
 class OperaLogMiddleware:
@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ class OperaLogMiddleware:
         request.state.device = device
 
         # 执行请求
-        start_time = datetime.now()
+        start_time = timezone_utils.get_timezone_datetime()
         code, msg, status, err = await self.execute_request(request, send)
-        end_time = datetime.now()
+        end_time = timezone_utils.get_timezone_datetime()
         cost_time = (end_time - start_time).total_seconds() * 1000.0
 
         router = request.scope.get('route')
diff --git a/backend/app/models/__init__.py b/backend/app/models/__init__.py
index b3b4a8d..c0b8b24 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/__init__.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/__init__.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # 导入所有模型，并将 Base 放在最前面， 以便 Base 拥有它们
 # imported by Alembic
 """
-from backend.app.database.base_class import MappedBase
+from backend.app.models.base import MappedBase
 from backend.app.models.sys_api import Api
 from backend.app.models.sys_casbin_rule import CasbinRule
 from backend.app.models.sys_dept import Dept
diff --git a/backend/app/database/base_class.py b/backend/app/models/base.py
similarity index 67%
rename from backend/app/database/base_class.py
rename to backend/app/models/base.py
index 0bb7637..2345986 100644
--- a/backend/app/database/base_class.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/base.py
@@ -1,32 +1,36 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-import uuid
 from datetime import datetime
 
-from sqlalchemy import func
 from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column, declared_attr, MappedAsDataclass
 from typing_extensions import Annotated
 
+from backend.app.utils.timezone import timezone_utils
+
 # 通用 Mapped 类型主键, 需手动添加，参考以下使用方式
 # MappedBase -> id: Mapped[id_key]
 # DataClassBase && Base -> id: Mapped[id_key] = mapped_column(init=False)
 id_key = Annotated[
-    int, mapped_column(primary_key=True, index=True, autoincrement=True, sort_order=-9999, comment='主键id')
+    int, mapped_column(primary_key=True, index=True, autoincrement=True, sort_order=-999, comment='主键id')
 ]
 
 
-class _BaseMixin(MappedAsDataclass):
-    """
-    Mixin 数据类
+# Mixin: 一种面向对象编程概念, 使结构变得更加清晰, `Wiki <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixin/>`__
+class UserMixin(MappedAsDataclass):
+    """用户 Mixin 数据类"""
 
-    Mixin: 一种面向对象编程概念, 使结构变得更加清晰, `Wiki <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixin/>`__
-    """
+    create_user: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sort_order=998, comment='创建者')
+    update_user: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(init=False, default=None, sort_order=998, comment='修改者')
 
-    create_user: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sort_order=9999, comment='创建者')
-    update_user: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(init=False, default=None, sort_order=9999, comment='修改者')
-    created_time: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(init=False, default=func.now(), sort_order=9999, comment='创建时间')
+
+class DateTimeMixin(MappedAsDataclass):
+    """日期时间 Mixin 数据类"""
+
+    created_time: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        init=False, default_factory=timezone_utils.get_timezone_datetime, sort_order=999, comment='创建时间'
+    )
     updated_time: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(
-        init=False, onupdate=func.now(), sort_order=9999, comment='更新时间'
+        init=False, onupdate=timezone_utils.get_timezone_datetime, sort_order=999, comment='更新时间'
     )
 
 
@@ -53,18 +57,9 @@ class DataClassBase(MappedAsDataclass, MappedBase):
     __abstract__ = True
 
 
-class Base(DataClassBase, _BaseMixin):
+class Base(DataClassBase, DateTimeMixin):
     """
     声明性 Mixin 数据类基类, 带有数据类集成, 并包含 MiXin 数据类基础表结构, 你可以简单的理解它为含有基础表结构的数据类基类
     """  # noqa: E501
 
     __abstract__ = True
-
-
-def use_uuid() -> str:
-    """
-    使用uuid
-
-    :return:
-    """
-    return uuid.uuid4().hex
diff --git a/backend/app/models/sys_api.py b/backend/app/models/sys_api.py
index 4f4a243..147e0ea 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/sys_api.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/sys_api.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from sqlalchemy import String
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.mysql import LONGTEXT
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
 
-from backend.app.database.base_class import Base, id_key
+from backend.app.models.base import Base, id_key
 
 
 class Api(Base):
diff --git a/backend/app/models/sys_casbin_rule.py b/backend/app/models/sys_casbin_rule.py
index d6ab000..e3ea5ca 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/sys_casbin_rule.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/sys_casbin_rule.py
@@ -1,17 +1,14 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 from sqlalchemy import String
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.mysql import LONGTEXT
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
 
-from backend.app.database.base_class import id_key, MappedBase
+from backend.app.models.base import id_key, MappedBase
 
 
 class CasbinRule(MappedBase):
-    """
-    重写 casbin_sqlalchemy_adapter 中的 casbinRule model类, 使用自定义 MappedBase, 避免产生 alembic 迁移问题
-    """
+    """重写 casbin 中的 casbinRule model 类, 使用自定义 Base, 避免产生 alembic 迁移问题"""
 
     __tablename__ = 'sys_casbin_rule'
 
@@ -23,3 +20,14 @@ class CasbinRule(MappedBase):
     v3: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(255))
     v4: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(255))
     v5: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(255))
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        arr = [self.ptype]
+        for v in (self.v0, self.v1, self.v2, self.v3, self.v4, self.v5):
+            if v is None:
+                break
+            arr.append(v)
+        return ', '.join(arr)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<CasbinRule {}: "{}">'.format(self.id, str(self))
diff --git a/backend/app/models/sys_dept.py b/backend/app/models/sys_dept.py
index f84565c..bcc487b 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/sys_dept.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/sys_dept.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from typing import Union
 from sqlalchemy import String, ForeignKey
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column, relationship
 
-from backend.app.database.base_class import Base, id_key
+from backend.app.models.base import Base, id_key
 
 
 class Dept(Base):
diff --git a/backend/app/models/sys_dict_data.py b/backend/app/models/sys_dict_data.py
index fe6fe5f..618c39a 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/sys_dict_data.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/sys_dict_data.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from sqlalchemy import String, ForeignKey
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.mysql import LONGTEXT
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column, relationship
 
-from backend.app.database.base_class import Base, id_key
+from backend.app.models.base import Base, id_key
 
 
 class DictData(Base):
diff --git a/backend/app/models/sys_dict_type.py b/backend/app/models/sys_dict_type.py
index 0f4f243..98b4134 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/sys_dict_type.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/sys_dict_type.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from sqlalchemy import String
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.mysql import LONGTEXT
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column, relationship
 
-from backend.app.database.base_class import Base, id_key
+from backend.app.models.base import Base, id_key
 
 
 class DictType(Base):
diff --git a/backend/app/models/sys_login_log.py b/backend/app/models/sys_login_log.py
index c3ba72d..1a06c96 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/sys_login_log.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/sys_login_log.py
@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from datetime import datetime
 
-from sqlalchemy import String, func
+from sqlalchemy import String
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.mysql import LONGTEXT
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
 
-from backend.app.database.base_class import DataClassBase, id_key
+from backend.app.models.base import DataClassBase, id_key
+from backend.app.utils.timezone import timezone_utils
 
 
 class LoginLog(DataClassBase):
@@ -28,4 +29,6 @@ class LoginLog(DataClassBase):
     device: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(50), comment='设备')
     msg: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(LONGTEXT, comment='提示消息')
     login_time: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(comment='登录时间')
-    create_time: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(init=False, default=func.now(), comment='创建时间')
+    created_time: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        init=False, default_factory=timezone_utils.get_timezone_datetime, comment='创建时间'
+    )
diff --git a/backend/app/models/sys_menu.py b/backend/app/models/sys_menu.py
index 0401887..7bda51c 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/sys_menu.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/sys_menu.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from sqlalchemy import String, ForeignKey
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.mysql import LONGTEXT
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column, relationship
 
-from backend.app.database.base_class import Base, id_key
+from backend.app.models.base import Base, id_key
 from backend.app.models.sys_role_menu import sys_role_menu
 
 
diff --git a/backend/app/models/sys_opera_log.py b/backend/app/models/sys_opera_log.py
index 593e94a..1ef047f 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/sys_opera_log.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/sys_opera_log.py
@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from datetime import datetime
 
-from sqlalchemy import String, func
+from sqlalchemy import String
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.mysql import JSON, LONGTEXT
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
 
-from backend.app.database.base_class import DataClassBase, id_key
+from backend.app.models.base import DataClassBase, id_key
+from backend.app.utils.timezone import timezone_utils
 
 
 class OperaLog(DataClassBase):
@@ -33,4 +34,6 @@ class OperaLog(DataClassBase):
     msg: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(LONGTEXT, comment='提示消息')
     cost_time: Mapped[float] = mapped_column(insert_default=0.0, comment='请求耗时ms')
     opera_time: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(comment='操作时间')
-    create_time: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(init=False, default=func.now(), comment='创建时间')
+    created_time: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        init=False, default_factory=timezone_utils.get_timezone_datetime, comment='创建时间'
+    )
diff --git a/backend/app/models/sys_role.py b/backend/app/models/sys_role.py
index f2fb03e..efdb737 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/sys_role.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/sys_role.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from sqlalchemy import String
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.mysql import LONGTEXT
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column, relationship
 
-from backend.app.database.base_class import Base, id_key
+from backend.app.models.base import Base, id_key
 from backend.app.models.sys_role_menu import sys_role_menu
 from backend.app.models.sys_user_role import sys_user_role
 
diff --git a/backend/app/models/sys_role_menu.py b/backend/app/models/sys_role_menu.py
index 73835df..48bff2c 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/sys_role_menu.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/sys_role_menu.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from sqlalchemy import Table, Column, ForeignKey, INT, Integer
 
-from backend.app.database.base_class import MappedBase
+from backend.app.models.base import MappedBase
 
 sys_role_menu = Table(
     'sys_role_menu',
diff --git a/backend/app/models/sys_user.py b/backend/app/models/sys_user.py
index 3b7614f..2d913ef 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/sys_user.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/sys_user.py
@@ -2,21 +2,23 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Union
+from uuid import uuid4
 
-from sqlalchemy import func, String, ForeignKey
+from sqlalchemy import String, ForeignKey
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column, relationship
 
-from backend.app.database.base_class import use_uuid, id_key, DataClassBase
+from backend.app.models.base import id_key, Base
 from backend.app.models.sys_user_role import sys_user_role
+from backend.app.utils.timezone import timezone_utils
 
 
-class User(DataClassBase):
+class User(Base):
     """用户表"""
 
     __tablename__ = 'sys_user'
 
     id: Mapped[id_key] = mapped_column(init=False)
-    user_uuid: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50), init=False, insert_default=use_uuid, unique=True)
+    uuid: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50), init=False, default_factory=uuid4, unique=True)
     username: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(20), unique=True, index=True, comment='用户名')
     nickname: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(20), unique=True, comment='昵称')
     password: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), comment='密码')
@@ -26,8 +28,12 @@ class User(DataClassBase):
     is_multi_login: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(default=False, comment='是否重复登陆(0否 1是)')
     avatar: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(255), default=None, comment='头像')
     phone: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(11), default=None, comment='手机号')
-    time_joined: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(init=False, default=func.now(), comment='注册时间')
-    last_login: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(init=False, onupdate=func.now(), comment='上次登录')
+    join_time: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        init=False, default_factory=timezone_utils.get_timezone_datetime, comment='注册时间'
+    )
+    last_login_time: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(
+        init=False, onupdate=timezone_utils.get_timezone_datetime, comment='上次登录'
+    )
     # 部门用户一对多
     dept_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(
         ForeignKey('sys_dept.id', ondelete='SET NULL'), default=None, comment='部门关联ID'
diff --git a/backend/app/models/sys_user_role.py b/backend/app/models/sys_user_role.py
index c29d16f..8174111 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/sys_user_role.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/sys_user_role.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from sqlalchemy import Table, Column, ForeignKey, INT, Integer
 
-from backend.app.database.base_class import MappedBase
+from backend.app.models.base import MappedBase
 
 sys_user_role = Table(
     'sys_user_role',
diff --git a/backend/app/schemas/api.py b/backend/app/schemas/api.py
index 09cb425..708d870 100644
--- a/backend/app/schemas/api.py
+++ b/backend/app/schemas/api.py
@@ -31,8 +31,6 @@ class UpdateApi(ApiBase):
 
 class GetAllApi(ApiBase):
     id: int
-    create_user: int
-    update_user: int = None
     created_time: datetime
     updated_time: datetime | None = None
 
diff --git a/backend/app/schemas/dept.py b/backend/app/schemas/dept.py
index 096400d..5cfb379 100644
--- a/backend/app/schemas/dept.py
+++ b/backend/app/schemas/dept.py
@@ -48,8 +48,6 @@ class UpdateDept(DeptBase):
 class GetAllDept(DeptBase):
     id: int
     del_flag: bool
-    create_user: int
-    update_user: int = None
     created_time: datetime
     updated_time: datetime | None = None
 
diff --git a/backend/app/schemas/dict_data.py b/backend/app/schemas/dict_data.py
index 8ad33f2..51c6776 100644
--- a/backend/app/schemas/dict_data.py
+++ b/backend/app/schemas/dict_data.py
@@ -29,8 +29,6 @@ class UpdateDictData(DictDataBase):
 class GetAllDictData(DictDataBase):
     id: int
     type: GetAllDictType
-    create_user: int
-    update_user: int = None
     created_time: datetime
     updated_time: datetime | None = None
 
diff --git a/backend/app/schemas/dict_type.py b/backend/app/schemas/dict_type.py
index 94264c8..41de459 100644
--- a/backend/app/schemas/dict_type.py
+++ b/backend/app/schemas/dict_type.py
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ class UpdateDictType(DictTypeBase):
 
 class GetAllDictType(DictTypeBase):
     id: int
-    create_user: int
-    update_user: int = None
     created_time: datetime
     updated_time: datetime | None = None
 
diff --git a/backend/app/schemas/login_log.py b/backend/app/schemas/login_log.py
index ac0d257..d7556b8 100644
--- a/backend/app/schemas/login_log.py
+++ b/backend/app/schemas/login_log.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from datetime import datetime
 
-
 from backend.app.schemas.base import SchemaBase
 
 
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ class UpdateLoginLog(LoginLogBase):
 
 class GetAllLoginLog(LoginLogBase):
     id: int
-    create_time: datetime
+    created_time: datetime
 
     class Config:
         orm_mode = True
diff --git a/backend/app/schemas/menu.py b/backend/app/schemas/menu.py
index 8b5b1b2..00961b2 100644
--- a/backend/app/schemas/menu.py
+++ b/backend/app/schemas/menu.py
@@ -31,8 +31,6 @@ class UpdateMenu(MenuBase):
 
 class GetAllMenu(MenuBase):
     id: int
-    create_user: int
-    update_user: int = None
     created_time: datetime
     updated_time: datetime | None = None
 
diff --git a/backend/app/schemas/opera_log.py b/backend/app/schemas/opera_log.py
index bbc46ab..35553f9 100644
--- a/backend/app/schemas/opera_log.py
+++ b/backend/app/schemas/opera_log.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class UpdateOperaLog(OperaLogBase):
 
 class GetAllOperaLog(OperaLogBase):
     id: int
-    create_time: datetime
+    created_time: datetime
 
     class Config:
         orm_mode = True
diff --git a/backend/app/schemas/role.py b/backend/app/schemas/role.py
index b4b1ef3..2ecfcd4 100644
--- a/backend/app/schemas/role.py
+++ b/backend/app/schemas/role.py
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ class UpdateRole(RoleBase):
 
 class GetAllRole(RoleBase):
     id: int
-    create_user: int
-    update_user: int = None
     created_time: datetime
     updated_time: datetime | None = None
     menus: list[GetAllMenu]
diff --git a/backend/app/schemas/token.py b/backend/app/schemas/token.py
index c4e4045..242880a 100644
--- a/backend/app/schemas/token.py
+++ b/backend/app/schemas/token.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from datetime import datetime
 
-
 from backend.app.schemas.base import SchemaBase
 from backend.app.schemas.user import GetUserInfoNoRelation
 
diff --git a/backend/app/schemas/user.py b/backend/app/schemas/user.py
index edba120..7a42c2a 100644
--- a/backend/app/schemas/user.py
+++ b/backend/app/schemas/user.py
@@ -68,13 +68,13 @@ class Avatar(SchemaBase):
 class GetUserInfoNoRelation(_UserInfoBase):
     dept_id: int | None = None
     id: int
-    user_uuid: str
+    uuid: str
     avatar: str | None = None
     status: StatusType = Field(default=StatusType.enable)
     is_superuser: bool
     is_multi_login: bool
-    time_joined: datetime = None
-    last_login: datetime | None = None
+    join_time: datetime = None
+    last_login_time: datetime | None = None
 
     class Config:
         orm_mode = True
diff --git a/backend/app/services/api_service.py b/backend/app/services/api_service.py
index 4da6caa..776d50b 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/api_service.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/api_service.py
@@ -23,17 +23,17 @@ class ApiService:
         return await ApiDao.get_all(name=name, method=method, path=path)
 
     @staticmethod
-    async def create(*, obj: CreateApi, user_id: int) -> None:
+    async def create(*, obj: CreateApi) -> None:
         async with async_db_session.begin() as db:
             api = await ApiDao.get_by_name(db, obj.name)
             if api:
                 raise errors.ForbiddenError(msg='接口已存在')
-            await ApiDao.create(db, obj, user_id)
+            await ApiDao.create(db, obj)
 
     @staticmethod
-    async def update(*, pk: int, obj: UpdateApi, user_id: int) -> int:
+    async def update(*, pk: int, obj: UpdateApi) -> int:
         async with async_db_session.begin() as db:
-            count = await ApiDao.update(db, pk, obj, user_id)
+            count = await ApiDao.update(db, pk, obj)
             return count
 
     @staticmethod
diff --git a/backend/app/services/auth_service.py b/backend/app/services/auth_service.py
index 6de1f04..a0aac8c 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/auth_service.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/auth_service.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ from typing import NoReturn
 
 from fastapi import Request
 from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
-from pydantic.datetime_parse import parse_datetime
 from starlette.background import BackgroundTasks, BackgroundTask
 
 from backend.app.common import jwt
@@ -19,10 +18,11 @@ from backend.app.crud.crud_user import UserDao
 from backend.app.database.db_mysql import async_db_session
 from backend.app.schemas.user import AuthLogin
 from backend.app.services.login_log_service import LoginLogService
+from backend.app.utils.timezone import timezone_utils
 
 
 class AuthService:
-    login_time = parse_datetime(datetime.now())
+    login_time = timezone_utils.get_timezone_datetime()
 
     async def swagger_login(self, *, form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm):
         async with async_db_session() as db:
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ class AuthService:
                     msg='登录成功',
                 )
                 background_tasks.add_task(LoginLogService.create, **log_info)
+                await redis_client.delete(f'{settings.CAPTCHA_LOGIN_REDIS_PREFIX}:{request.state.ip}')
                 return access_token, refresh_token, access_token_expire_time, refresh_token_expire_time, user
 
     @staticmethod
diff --git a/backend/app/services/dept_service.py b/backend/app/services/dept_service.py
index 3cc4a00..8d8572d 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/dept_service.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/dept_service.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class DeptService:
             return tree_data
 
     @staticmethod
-    async def create(*, obj: CreateDept, user_id: int):
+    async def create(*, obj: CreateDept):
         async with async_db_session.begin() as db:
             dept = await DeptDao.get_by_name(db, obj.name)
             if dept:
@@ -37,11 +37,10 @@ class DeptService:
                 parent_dept = await DeptDao.get(db, obj.parent_id)
                 if not parent_dept:
                     raise errors.NotFoundError(msg='父级部门不存在')
-            new_obj = obj.dict()
-            await DeptDao.create(db, new_obj, user_id)
+            await DeptDao.create(db, obj)
 
     @staticmethod
-    async def update(*, pk: int, obj: UpdateDept, user_id: int):
+    async def update(*, pk: int, obj: UpdateDept):
         async with async_db_session.begin() as db:
             dept = await DeptDao.get(db, pk)
             if not dept:
@@ -53,8 +52,7 @@ class DeptService:
                 parent_dept = await DeptDao.get(db, obj.parent_id)
                 if not parent_dept:
                     raise errors.NotFoundError(msg='父级部门不存在')
-            new_obj = obj.dict()
-            count = await DeptDao.update(db, pk, new_obj, user_id)
+            count = await DeptDao.update(db, pk, obj)
             return count
 
     @staticmethod
diff --git a/backend/app/services/dict_data_service.py b/backend/app/services/dict_data_service.py
index d534512..f19a040 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/dict_data_service.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/dict_data_service.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class DictDataService:
         return await DictDataDao.get_all(label=label, value=value, status=status)
 
     @staticmethod
-    async def create(*, obj: CreateDictData, user_id: int) -> None:
+    async def create(*, obj: CreateDictData) -> None:
         async with async_db_session.begin() as db:
             dict_data = await DictDataDao.get_by_label(db, obj.label)
             if dict_data:
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ class DictDataService:
             dict_type = await DictTypeDao.get(db, obj.type_id)
             if not dict_type:
                 raise errors.ForbiddenError(msg='字典类型不存在')
-            await DictDataDao.create(db, obj, user_id)
+            await DictDataDao.create(db, obj)
 
     @staticmethod
-    async def update(*, pk: int, obj: UpdateDictData, user_id: int) -> int:
+    async def update(*, pk: int, obj: UpdateDictData) -> int:
         async with async_db_session.begin() as db:
             dict_data = await DictDataDao.get(db, pk)
             if not dict_data:
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class DictDataService:
             dict_type = await DictTypeDao.get(db, obj.type_id)
             if not dict_type:
                 raise errors.ForbiddenError(msg='字典类型不存在')
-            count = await DictDataDao.update(db, pk, obj, user_id)
+            count = await DictDataDao.update(db, pk, obj)
             return count
 
     @staticmethod
diff --git a/backend/app/services/dict_type_service.py b/backend/app/services/dict_type_service.py
index a471d8b..dcf4081 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/dict_type_service.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/dict_type_service.py
@@ -14,15 +14,15 @@ class DictTypeService:
         return await DictTypeDao.get_all(name=name, code=code, status=status)
 
     @staticmethod
-    async def create(*, obj: CreateDictType, user_id: int) -> None:
+    async def create(*, obj: CreateDictType) -> None:
         async with async_db_session.begin() as db:
             dict_type = await DictTypeDao.get_by_code(db, obj.code)
             if dict_type:
                 raise errors.ForbiddenError(msg='字典类型已存在')
-            await DictTypeDao.create(db, obj, user_id)
+            await DictTypeDao.create(db, obj)
 
     @staticmethod
-    async def update(*, pk: int, obj: UpdateDictType, user_id: int) -> int:
+    async def update(*, pk: int, obj: UpdateDictType) -> int:
         async with async_db_session.begin() as db:
             dict_type = await DictTypeDao.get(db, pk)
             if not dict_type:
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class DictTypeService:
             if dict_type.code != obj.code:
                 if await DictTypeDao.get_by_code(db, obj.code):
                     raise errors.ForbiddenError(msg='字典类型已存在')
-            count = await DictTypeDao.update(db, pk, obj, user_id)
+            count = await DictTypeDao.update(db, pk, obj)
             return count
 
     @staticmethod
diff --git a/backend/app/services/login_log_service.py b/backend/app/services/login_log_service.py
index f0b93da..cda1579 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/login_log_service.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/login_log_service.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class LoginLogService:
         try:
             # request.state 来自 opera log 中间件定义的扩展参数，详见 opera_log_middleware.py
             obj_in = CreateLoginLog(
-                user_uuid=user.user_uuid,
+                user_uuid=user.uuid,
                 username=user.username,
                 status=status,
                 ip=request.state.ip,
diff --git a/backend/app/services/menu_service.py b/backend/app/services/menu_service.py
index 4dad414..1d8bdd6 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/menu_service.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/menu_service.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class MenuService:
             return menu_tree
 
     @staticmethod
-    async def create(*, obj: CreateMenu, user_id: int):
+    async def create(*, obj: CreateMenu):
         async with async_db_session.begin() as db:
             menu = await MenuDao.get_by_name(db, obj.name)
             if menu:
@@ -45,11 +45,10 @@ class MenuService:
                 parent_menu = await MenuDao.get(db, obj.parent_id)
                 if not parent_menu:
                     raise errors.NotFoundError(msg='父级菜单不存在')
-            new_obj = obj.dict()
-            await MenuDao.create(db, new_obj, user_id)
+            await MenuDao.create(db, obj)
 
     @staticmethod
-    async def update(*, pk: int, obj: UpdateMenu, user_id: int):
+    async def update(*, pk: int, obj: UpdateMenu):
         async with async_db_session.begin() as db:
             menu = await MenuDao.get(db, pk)
             if not menu:
@@ -61,8 +60,7 @@ class MenuService:
                 parent_menu = await MenuDao.get(db, obj.parent_id)
                 if not parent_menu:
                     raise errors.NotFoundError(msg='父级菜单不存在')
-            new_obj = obj.dict()
-            count = await MenuDao.update(db, pk, new_obj, user_id)
+            count = await MenuDao.update(db, pk, obj)
             return count
 
     @staticmethod
diff --git a/backend/app/services/role_service.py b/backend/app/services/role_service.py
index 80f5758..551f2bd 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/role_service.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/role_service.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class RoleService:
         return await RoleDao.get_all(name=name, data_scope=data_scope)
 
     @staticmethod
-    async def create(*, obj: CreateRole, user_id: int) -> None:
+    async def create(*, obj: CreateRole) -> None:
         async with async_db_session.begin() as db:
             role = await RoleDao.get_by_name(db, obj.name)
             if role:
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ class RoleService:
                 menu = await MenuDao.get(db, menu_id)
                 if not menu:
                     raise errors.ForbiddenError(msg='菜单不存在')
-            await RoleDao.create(db, obj, user_id)
+            await RoleDao.create(db, obj)
 
     @staticmethod
-    async def update(*, pk: int, obj: UpdateRole, user_id: int) -> int:
+    async def update(*, pk: int, obj: UpdateRole) -> int:
         async with async_db_session.begin() as db:
             role = await RoleDao.get(db, pk)
             if not role:
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class RoleService:
                 menu = await MenuDao.get(db, menu_id)
                 if not menu:
                     raise errors.ForbiddenError(msg='菜单不存在')
-            count = await RoleDao.update(db, pk, obj, user_id)
+            count = await RoleDao.update(db, pk, obj)
             return count
 
     @staticmethod
diff --git a/backend/app/tests/utils/db_mysql.py b/backend/app/tests/utils/db_mysql.py
index d349b11..280d981 100644
--- a/backend/app/tests/utils/db_mysql.py
+++ b/backend/app/tests/utils/db_mysql.py
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
-
 from backend.app.core.conf import settings
-from backend.app.database.base_class import MappedBase
+from backend.app.models.base import MappedBase
 from backend.app.database.db_mysql import create_engine_and_session
 
 TEST_DB_DATABASE = settings.DB_DATABASE + '_test'
@@ -19,11 +17,7 @@ async_engine, async_db_session = create_engine_and_session(SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_U
 
 
 async def override_get_db() -> AsyncSession:
-    """
-    session 生成器
-
-    :return:
-    """
+    """session 生成器"""
     session = async_db_session()
     try:
         yield session
@@ -35,8 +29,6 @@ async def override_get_db() -> AsyncSession:
 
 
 async def create_table():
-    """
-    创建数据库表
-    """
+    """创建数据库表"""
     async with async_engine.begin() as coon:
         await coon.run_sync(MappedBase.metadata.create_all)
diff --git a/backend/app/utils/data_factory.py b/backend/app/utils/data_factory.py
deleted file mode 100644
index ef60556..0000000
--- a/backend/app/utils/data_factory.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-import datetime
-import uuid
-
-
-def get_uuid_str() -> str:
-    """
-    生成uuid
-
-    :return: str(uuid)
-    """
-    return str(uuid.uuid4())
-
-
-def get_current_timestamp() -> float:
-    """
-    生成当前时间戳
-
-    :return:
-    """
-    return datetime.datetime.now().timestamp()
diff --git a/backend/app/utils/datetime.py b/backend/app/utils/datetime.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 33a6d71..0000000
--- a/backend/app/utils/datetime.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,224 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-import datetime
-import pytz
-
-from backend.app.core.conf import settings
-
-
-class DateTimeUtils:
-    def __init__(self, timezone_str=settings.DATETIME_TIMEZONE):
-        """
-        初始化函数，设置时区
-
-        :param timezone_str: 时区字符串，默认为 UTC
-        """
-        self.timezone_str = timezone_str
-        self.timezone = pytz.timezone(self.timezone_str)
-
-    def get_current_time(self) -> datetime.datetime:
-        """
-        获取当前时间
-
-        :return: 当前时间的 datetime 对象
-        """
-        return datetime.datetime.now(self.timezone)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def get_current_timestamp() -> int:
-        """
-        获取当前时间戳 (秒)
-
-        :return: 当前时间戳 (秒)
-        """
-        return int(datetime.datetime.now().timestamp())
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def get_current_milliseconds() -> int:
-        """
-        获取当前时间戳 (毫秒)
-
-        :return: 当前时间戳 (毫秒)
-        """
-        return int(datetime.datetime.now().timestamp() * 1000)
-
-    def timestamp_to_datetime(self, timestamp: int) -> datetime.datetime:
-        """
-        时间戳转 datetime 对象
-
-        :param timestamp: 时间戳 (秒)
-        :return: datetime 对象
-        """
-        return datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp).replace(tzinfo=self.timezone)
-
-    def datetime_to_timestamp(self, dt: datetime.datetime) -> int:
-        """
-        datetime 对象转时间戳（秒）
-
-        :param dt: datetime 对象
-        :return: 时间戳 (秒)
-        """
-        return int(dt.astimezone(self.timezone).timestamp())
-
-    def datetime_to_milliseconds(self, dt: datetime.datetime) -> int:
-        """
-        datetime 对象转时间戳（毫秒）
-
-        :param dt: datetime 对象
-        :return: 时间戳 (毫秒)
-        """
-        return int(dt.astimezone(self.timezone).timestamp() * 1000)
-
-    def str_to_datetime(self, time_str: str, format_str: str = settings.DATETIME_FORMAT) -> datetime.datetime:
-        """
-        时间字符串转 datetime 对象
-
-        :param time_str: 时间字符串
-        :param format_str: 时间字符串的格式，默认为 '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
-        :return: datetime 对象
-        """
-        return datetime.datetime.strptime(time_str, format_str).replace(tzinfo=self.timezone)
-
-    def datetime_to_str(self, dt: datetime.datetime, format_str: str = settings.DATETIME_FORMAT) -> str:
-        """
-        datetime 对象转时间字符串
-
-        :param dt: datetime 对象
-        :param format_str: 时间字符串的格式，默认为 '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
-        :return: 时间字符串
-        """
-        return dt.astimezone(self.timezone).strftime(format_str)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def get_timezone(timezone_str: str) -> pytz.timezone:
-        """
-        获取指定时区的 pytz.timezone 对象
-
-        :param timezone_str: 时区字符串
-        :return: pytz.timezone 对象
-        """
-        return pytz.timezone(timezone_str)
-
-    def get_timezone_time(self, timezone_str: str) -> datetime.datetime:
-        """
-        获取指定时区的当前时间
-
-        :param timezone_str: 时区字符串
-        :return: 当前时间的 datetime 对象
-        """
-        timezone = self.get_timezone(timezone_str)
-        return datetime.datetime.now(timezone)
-
-    def datetime_to_timezone(self, dt: datetime.datetime, timezone_str: str) -> datetime.datetime:
-        """
-        将 datetime 对象转换为指定时区的 datetime 对象
-
-        :param dt: datetime 对象
-        :param timezone_str: 目标时区字符串
-        :return: 目标时区的 datetime 对象
-        """
-        timezone = self.get_timezone(timezone_str)
-        return dt.astimezone(timezone)
-
-    def datetime_to_timezone_str(
-        self, dt: datetime.datetime, timezone_str: str, format_str: str = settings.DATETIME_FORMAT
-    ) -> str:
-        """
-        将 datetime 对象转换为指定时区的时间字符串
-
-        :param dt: datetime 对象
-        :param timezone_str: 目标时区字符串
-        :param format_str: 时间字符串的格式，默认为 '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
-        :return: 目标时区的时间字符串
-        """
-        dt_timezone = self.datetime_to_timezone(dt, timezone_str)
-        return dt_timezone.strftime(format_str)
-
-    def str_to_timezone(
-        self, time_str: str, timezone_str: str, format_str: str = settings.DATETIME_FORMAT
-    ) -> datetime.datetime:
-        """
-        将指定时区的时间字符串转换为 datetime 对象
-
-        :param time_str: 指定时区的时间字符串
-        :param timezone_str: 指定时区字符串
-        :param format_str: 时间字符串的格式，默认为 '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
-        :return: datetime 对象
-        """
-        dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(time_str, format_str).replace(tzinfo=self.timezone)
-        return self.datetime_to_timezone(dt, timezone_str)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def datetime_to_utc(dt: datetime.datetime) -> datetime.datetime:
-        """
-        将 datetime 对象转换为 UTC 时间
-
-        :param dt: datetime 对象
-        :return: UTC 时间的 datetime 对象
-        """
-        return dt.astimezone(pytz.utc)
-
-    def str_to_utc(self, time_str: str, format_str: str = settings.DATETIME_FORMAT) -> datetime.datetime:
-        """
-        将时间字符串转换为 UTC 时间的 datetime 对象
-
-        :param time_str: 时间字符串
-        :param format_str: 时间字符串的格式，默认为 '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
-        :return: UTC 时间的 datetime 对象
-        """
-        dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(time_str, format_str).replace(tzinfo=self.timezone)
-        return self.datetime_to_utc(dt)
-
-    def utc_to_datetime(self, utc_time: datetime.datetime) -> datetime.datetime:
-        """
-        将 UTC 时间的 datetime 对象转换为指定时区的 datetime 对象
-
-        :param utc_time: UTC 时间的 datetime 对象
-        :return: 目标时区的 datetime 对象
-        """
-        return utc_time.replace(tzinfo=pytz.utc).astimezone(self.timezone).replace(tzinfo=None)
-
-    def get_expire_time(self, expires_delta: datetime.timedelta) -> datetime:
-        """
-        获取过期时间
-
-        :param expires_delta: 时间间隔对象
-        :return: 过期时间的 datetime 对象
-        """
-        return self.get_current_time() + expires_delta
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def get_expire_time_from_datetime(expire_time: datetime, seconds: int) -> datetime:
-        """
-        获取从指定时间开始一定时间后的过期时间
-
-        :param expire_time: 指定时间的 datetime 对象
-        :param seconds: 时间间隔（秒）
-        :return: 过期时间的 datetime 对象
-        """
-        return expire_time + datetime.timedelta(seconds=seconds)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def get_expire_seconds(expires_delta: datetime.timedelta) -> int:
-        """
-        获取过期时间（秒）
-
-        :param expires_delta: 时间间隔对象
-        :return: 过期时间（秒）
-        """
-        return int(expires_delta.total_seconds())
-
-    def get_expire_seconds_from_datetime(self, expire_datetime: datetime) -> int:
-        """
-        获取从指定时间开始到当前时间的时间间隔（秒）
-
-        :param expire_datetime: 指定时间的 datetime 对象
-        :return: 时间间隔（秒）
-        """
-        current_time = self.get_current_time()
-        if expire_datetime < current_time:
-            return 0
-        return int((expire_datetime - current_time).total_seconds())
-
-
-datetime_utils = DateTimeUtils()
diff --git a/backend/app/utils/server_info.py b/backend/app/utils/server_info.py
index 313c693..0a98d98 100644
--- a/backend/app/utils/server_info.py
+++ b/backend/app/utils/server_info.py
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ import os
 import platform
 import socket
 import sys
-from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from datetime import timedelta
 from typing import List
 
 import psutil
 
-from backend.app.core.conf import settings
+from backend.app.utils.timezone import timezone_utils
 
 
 class ServerInfo:
@@ -23,16 +23,24 @@ class ServerInfo:
 
     @staticmethod
     def fmt_timedelta(td: timedelta) -> str:
-        """格式化时间戳"""
-        days, rem = divmod(td.seconds, 86400)
+        """格式化时间差"""
+        total_seconds = round(td.total_seconds())
+        days, rem = divmod(total_seconds, 86400)
         hours, rem = divmod(rem, 3600)
-        minutes, _ = divmod(rem, 60)
-        res = f'{minutes} 分钟'
-        if hours:
-            res = f'{hours} 小时 {res}'
+        minutes, seconds = divmod(rem, 60)
+        parts = []
         if days:
-            res = f'{days} 天 {res}'
-        return res
+            parts.append('{} 天'.format(days))
+        if hours:
+            parts.append('{} 小时'.format(hours))
+        if minutes:
+            parts.append('{} 分钟'.format(minutes))
+        if seconds:
+            parts.append('{} 秒'.format(seconds))
+        if len(parts) == 0:
+            return '0 秒'
+        else:
+            return ' '.join(parts)
 
     @staticmethod
     def get_cpu_info() -> dict:
@@ -96,7 +104,7 @@ class ServerInfo:
         """获取服务信息"""
         process = psutil.Process(os.getpid())
         mem_info = process.memory_info()
-        start_time = datetime.fromtimestamp(process.create_time())
+        start_time = timezone_utils.utc_timestamp_to_timezone_datetime(process.create_time())
         return {
             'name': 'Python3',
             'version': platform.python_version(),
@@ -105,6 +113,6 @@ class ServerInfo:
             'mem_vms': ServerInfo.format_bytes(mem_info.vms),  # 虚拟内存, 即当前进程申请的虚拟内存
             'mem_rss': ServerInfo.format_bytes(mem_info.rss),  # 常驻内存, 即当前进程实际使用的物理内存
             'mem_free': ServerInfo.format_bytes(mem_info.vms - mem_info.rss),  # 空闲内存
-            'startup': start_time.strftime(settings.DATETIME_FORMAT),
-            'elapsed': f'{ServerInfo.fmt_timedelta(datetime.now() - start_time)}',
+            'startup': start_time,
+            'elapsed': f'{ServerInfo.fmt_timedelta(timezone_utils.get_timezone_datetime() - start_time)}',
         }
diff --git a/backend/app/utils/timezone.py b/backend/app/utils/timezone.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1fbdaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/app/utils/timezone.py
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import datetime
+
+import pytz
+
+from backend.app.core.conf import settings
+
+
+class TimeZoneUtils:
+    def __init__(self, timezone_str=settings.DATETIME_TIMEZONE):
+        self.timezone = pytz.timezone(timezone_str)
+
+    def get_timezone_datetime(self) -> datetime.datetime:
+        """
+        获取时区时间
+
+        :return:
+        """
+        return datetime.datetime.now(self.timezone)
+
+    def get_timezone_timestamp(self) -> int:
+        """
+        获取时区时间戳 (秒)
+
+        :return:
+        """
+        return int(self.get_timezone_datetime().timestamp())
+
+    def get_timezone_milliseconds(self) -> int:
+        """
+        获取时区时间戳 (毫秒)
+
+        :return:
+        """
+        return int(self.get_timezone_datetime().timestamp() * 1000)
+
+    def datetime_to_timezone_str(self, dt: datetime.datetime, format_str: str = settings.DATETIME_FORMAT) -> str:
+        """
+        datetime 对象转时区时间字符串
+
+        :param dt:
+        :param format_str:
+        :return:
+        """
+        return dt.astimezone(self.timezone).strftime(format_str)
+
+    def datetime_to_timezone_datetime(self, dt: datetime.datetime) -> datetime.datetime:
+        """
+        datetime 对象转 datetime 时区对象
+
+        :param dt:
+        :return:
+        """
+        return dt.astimezone(self.timezone)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def datetime_to_timezone_utc(dt: datetime.datetime) -> datetime.datetime:
+        """
+        datetime 对象转 datetime UTC 对象
+
+        :param dt:
+        :return:
+        """
+        return dt.astimezone(pytz.utc)
+
+    def datetime_to_timezone_timestamp(self, dt: datetime.datetime) -> int:
+        """
+        datetime 对象转时区时间戳（秒）
+
+        :param dt:
+        :return:
+        """
+        return int(dt.astimezone(self.timezone).timestamp())
+
+    def datetime_to_timezone_milliseconds(self, dt: datetime.datetime) -> int:
+        """
+        datetime 对象转时区时间戳（毫秒）
+
+        :param dt:
+        :return:
+        """
+        return int(dt.astimezone(self.timezone).timestamp() * 1000)
+
+    def str_to_timezone_utc(self, time_str: str, format_str: str = settings.DATETIME_FORMAT) -> datetime.datetime:
+        """
+        时间字符串转时区 datetime UTC 对象
+
+        :param time_str:
+        :param format_str:
+        :return:
+        """
+        dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(time_str, format_str).replace(tzinfo=self.timezone)
+        return self.datetime_to_timezone_utc(dt)
+
+    def str_to_timezone_datetime(self, time_str: str, format_str: str = settings.DATETIME_FORMAT) -> datetime.datetime:
+        """
+        时间字符串转 datetime 时区对象
+
+        :param time_str:
+        :param format_str:
+        :return:
+        """
+        return datetime.datetime.strptime(time_str, format_str).replace(tzinfo=self.timezone)
+
+    def utc_datetime_to_timezone_datetime(self, utc_time: datetime.datetime) -> datetime.datetime:
+        """
+        datetime UTC 对象转 datetime 时区对象
+
+        :param utc_time:
+        :return:
+        """
+        return utc_time.replace(tzinfo=pytz.utc).astimezone(self.timezone)
+
+    def utc_timestamp_to_timezone_datetime(self, timestamp: int) -> datetime.datetime:
+        """
+        时间戳转 datetime 时区对象
+
+        :param timestamp:
+        :return:
+        """
+        utc_datetime = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp).replace(tzinfo=pytz.utc)
+        return self.datetime_to_timezone_datetime(utc_datetime)
+
+    def get_timezone_expire_time(self, expires_delta: datetime.timedelta) -> datetime.datetime:
+        """
+        获取时区过期时间
+
+        :param expires_delta:
+        :return:
+        """
+        return self.get_timezone_datetime() + expires_delta
+
+    def get_timezone_expire_seconds(self, expire_datetime: datetime.datetime) -> int:
+        """
+        获取从指定时间开始到当前时间的时间间隔（秒）
+
+        :param expire_datetime: 指定时间的 datetime 对象
+        :return: 时间间隔（秒）
+        """
+        timezone_datetime = self.get_timezone_datetime()
+        expire_datetime = self.datetime_to_timezone_datetime(expire_datetime)
+        if expire_datetime < timezone_datetime:
+            return 0
+        return int((expire_datetime - timezone_datetime).total_seconds())
+
+
+timezone_utils = TimeZoneUtils()