diff --git a/fastapi_users/authentication/strategy/jwt.py b/fastapi_users/authentication/strategy/jwt.py
index 39866062..2b28aa90 100644
--- a/fastapi_users/authentication/strategy/jwt.py
+++ b/fastapi_users/authentication/strategy/jwt.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class JWTStrategy(Strategy[models.UP, models.ID], Generic[models.UP, models.ID])
             data = decode_jwt(
                 token, self.decode_key, self.token_audience, algorithms=[self.algorithm]
             )
-            user_id = data.get("user_id")
+            user_id = data.get("sub")
             if user_id is None:
                 return None
         except jwt.PyJWTError:
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class JWTStrategy(Strategy[models.UP, models.ID], Generic[models.UP, models.ID])
             return None
 
     async def write_token(self, user: models.UP) -> str:
-        data = {"user_id": str(user.id), "aud": self.token_audience}
+        data = {"sub": str(user.id), "aud": self.token_audience}
         return generate_jwt(
             data, self.encode_key, self.lifetime_seconds, algorithm=self.algorithm
         )
diff --git a/fastapi_users/manager.py b/fastapi_users/manager.py
index 15501372..e1e63ce0 100644
--- a/fastapi_users/manager.py
+++ b/fastapi_users/manager.py
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ class BaseUserManager(Generic[models.UP, models.ID]):
             raise exceptions.UserAlreadyVerified()
 
         token_data = {
-            "user_id": str(user.id),
+            "sub": str(user.id),
             "email": user.email,
             "aud": self.verification_token_audience,
         }
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ class BaseUserManager(Generic[models.UP, models.ID]):
             raise exceptions.InvalidVerifyToken()
 
         try:
-            user_id = data["user_id"]
+            user_id = data["sub"]
             email = data["email"]
         except KeyError:
             raise exceptions.InvalidVerifyToken()
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ class BaseUserManager(Generic[models.UP, models.ID]):
             raise exceptions.UserInactive()
 
         token_data = {
-            "user_id": str(user.id),
+            "sub": str(user.id),
             "password_fgpt": self.password_helper.hash(user.hashed_password),
             "aud": self.reset_password_token_audience,
         }
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ class BaseUserManager(Generic[models.UP, models.ID]):
             raise exceptions.InvalidResetPasswordToken()
 
         try:
-            user_id = data["user_id"]
+            user_id = data["sub"]
             password_fingerprint = data["password_fgpt"]
         except KeyError:
             raise exceptions.InvalidResetPasswordToken()
diff --git a/tests/test_authentication_strategy_jwt.py b/tests/test_authentication_strategy_jwt.py
index 45aea5a5..767619a5 100644
--- a/tests/test_authentication_strategy_jwt.py
+++ b/tests/test_authentication_strategy_jwt.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def token(jwt_strategy: JWTStrategy[UserModel, IDType]):
     def _token(user_id=None, lifetime=LIFETIME):
         data = {"aud": "fastapi-users:auth"}
         if user_id is not None:
-            data["user_id"] = str(user_id)
+            data["sub"] = str(user_id)
         return generate_jwt(
             data, jwt_strategy.encode_key, lifetime, algorithm=jwt_strategy.algorithm
         )
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ async def test_write_token(jwt_strategy: JWTStrategy[UserModel, IDType], user):
         audience=jwt_strategy.token_audience,
         algorithms=[jwt_strategy.algorithm],
     )
-    assert decoded["user_id"] == str(user.id)
+    assert decoded["sub"] == str(user.id)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("jwt_strategy", ["HS256", "RS256", "ES256"], indirect=True)
diff --git a/tests/test_manager.py b/tests/test_manager.py
index 36fc1ba6..d418be04 100644
--- a/tests/test_manager.py
+++ b/tests/test_manager.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def verify_token(user_manager: UserManagerMock[UserModel]):
     ):
         data = {"aud": user_manager.verification_token_audience}
         if user_id is not None:
-            data["user_id"] = str(user_id)
+            data["sub"] = str(user_id)
         if email is not None:
             data["email"] = email
         return generate_jwt(data, user_manager.verification_token_secret, lifetime)
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def forgot_password_token(user_manager: UserManagerMock[UserModel]):
     ):
         data = {"aud": user_manager.reset_password_token_audience}
         if user_id is not None:
-            data["user_id"] = str(user_id)
+            data["sub"] = str(user_id)
         if current_password_hash is not None:
             data["password_fgpt"] = user_manager.password_helper.hash(
                 current_password_hash
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ class TestRequestVerifyUser:
             user_manager.verification_token_secret,
             audience=[user_manager.verification_token_audience],
         )
-        assert decoded_token["user_id"] == str(user.id)
+        assert decoded_token["sub"] == str(user.id)
         assert decoded_token["email"] == str(user.email)
 
 
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ class TestForgotPassword:
             user_manager.reset_password_token_secret,
             audience=[user_manager.reset_password_token_audience],
         )
-        assert decoded_token["user_id"] == str(user.id)
+        assert decoded_token["sub"] == str(user.id)
 
         valid_fingerprint, _ = user_manager.password_helper.verify_and_update(
             user.hashed_password, decoded_token["password_fgpt"]