Fix #20348: ErrorHandler::convertExceptionToError() Passing E_USER_ERROR to trigger_error() is deprecated since PHP 8.4

framework/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ Yii Framework 2 Change Log
 - Enh #20413: Add PHPStan/Psalm annotations for `Action`, `ActionEvent`, `Application`, `DynamicModel` and `InlineAction` (max-s-lab)
 - Enh #20416: Add `PHPStan`/`PSalm` annotation for `owner` property in `Behavior` class (terabytesoftw)
 - Bug #20423: `strcmp()` Passing `null` to parameter `2` ($string2) of type string is deprecated (terabytesoftw)
+- Bug #20348: `ErrorHandler::convertExceptionToError()` Passing `E_USER_ERROR` to `trigger_error()` is deprecated since PHP `8.4` (terabytesoftw)
 
 
 2.0.52 February 13, 2025

framework/UPGRADE.md

@@ -51,6 +51,41 @@ if you want to upgrade from version A to version C and there is
 version B between A and C, you need to follow the instructions
 for both A and B.
 
+Upgrade from Yii 2.0.53
+-----------------------
+
+* `ErrorHandler::convertExceptionToError()` has been deprecated and will be removed in version 22.0.
+
+  This method was deprecated due to `PHP 8.4` deprecating the use of `E_USER_ERROR` with `trigger_error()`.
+  The framework now handles exceptions in `__toString()` methods more appropriately based on the PHP version.
+
+  **Before (deprecated):**
+  ```php
+  public function __toString() {
+      try {
+          return $this->render();
+      } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+          ErrorHandler::convertExceptionToError($e);
+          return '';
+      }
+  }
+  ```
+
+  **After (recommended):**
+  ```php
+  public function __toString() {
+      try {
+          return $this->render();
+      } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+          if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70400) {
+              trigger_error(ErrorHandler::convertExceptionToString($e), E_USER_ERROR);
+              return '';
+          }
+          throw $e;
+      }
+  }
+  ```
+
 Upgrade from Yii 2.0.52
 -----------------------
 * There was a bug when loading fixtures into PostgreSQL database, the table sequences were not reset. If you used a work-around or if you depended on this behavior, you are advised to review your code.

framework/base/ErrorHandler.php

@@ -378,6 +378,11 @@ abstract class ErrorHandler extends Component
      * to PHP errors because exceptions cannot be thrown inside of them.
      * @param \Throwable $exception the exception to convert to a PHP error.
      * @return never
+     *
+     * @deprecated since 2.0.53. Use conditional exception throwing in `__toString()` methods instead.
+     * For PHP < 7.4: use `trigger_error()` directly with `convertExceptionToString()` method.
+     * For PHP >= 7.4: throw the exception directly as `__toString()` supports exceptions.
+     * This method will be removed in 2.2.0.
      */
     public static function convertExceptionToError($exception)
     {

framework/mail/BaseMessage.php

@@ -59,9 +59,14 @@ abstract class BaseMessage extends BaseObject implements MessageInterface
         // use trigger_error to bypass this limitation
         try {
             return $this->toString();
-        } catch (\Exception $e) {
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
-            ErrorHandler::convertExceptionToError($e);
+            if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70400) {
+                trigger_error(ErrorHandler::convertExceptionToString($e), E_USER_ERROR);
+
                 return '';
             }
+
+            throw $e;
+        }
     }
 }

framework/widgets/ActiveField.php

@@ -174,13 +174,15 @@ class ActiveField extends Component
         // use trigger_error to bypass this limitation
         try {
             return $this->render();
-        } catch (\Exception $e) {
-            ErrorHandler::convertExceptionToError($e);
-            return '';
         } catch (\Throwable $e) {
-            ErrorHandler::convertExceptionToError($e);
+            if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70400) {
+                trigger_error(ErrorHandler::convertExceptionToString($e), E_USER_ERROR);
+
                 return '';
             }
+
+            throw $e;
+        }
     }
 
     /**

tests/framework/mail/BaseMessageTest.php

@@ -60,6 +60,54 @@ class BaseMessageTest extends TestCase
         $message = $mailer->compose();
         $this->assertEquals($message->toString(), '' . $message);
     }
+
+    public function testExceptionToString()
+    {
+        if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70400) {
+            $this->markTestSkipped('This test is for PHP 7.4+ only');
+        }
+
+        $message = new TestMessageWithException();
+
+        $this->expectException(\Exception::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Test exception in toString.');
+
+        (string) $message;
+    }
+
+    public function testExceptionToStringLegacy()
+    {
+        if (PHP_VERSION_ID >= 70400) {
+            $this->markTestSkipped('This test is for PHP < 7.4 only');
+        }
+
+        $message = new TestMessageWithException();
+
+        $errorTriggered = false;
+        $errorMessage = '';
+
+        set_error_handler(
+            function ($severity, $message, $file, $line) use (&$errorTriggered, &$errorMessage) {
+                if ($severity === E_USER_ERROR) {
+                    $errorTriggered = true;
+                    $errorMessage = $message;
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            },
+            E_USER_ERROR,
+        );
+
+        $result = (string) $message;
+
+        restore_error_handler();
+
+        $this->assertTrue($errorTriggered, 'E_USER_ERROR should have been triggered');
+        $this->assertStringContainsString('Test exception in toString.', $errorMessage);
+        $this->assertSame('', $result, 'Result should be an empty string');
+    }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -178,3 +226,11 @@ class TestMessage extends BaseMessage
         return get_class($this);
     }
 }
+
+class TestMessageWithException extends TestMessage
+{
+    public function toString()
+    {
+        throw new \Exception('Test exception in toString.');
+    }
+}

tests/framework/widgets/ActiveFieldTest.php

@@ -700,6 +700,54 @@ HTML;
         $this->assertStringContainsString('placeholder="pholder_both_direct"', (string) $widget);
     }
 
+    public function testExceptionToString()
+    {
+        if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 70400) {
+            $this->markTestSkipped('This test is for PHP 7.4+ only');
+        }
+
+        $field = new TestActiveFieldWithException();
+
+        $this->expectException(\Exception::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Test exception in toString.');
+
+        (string) $field;
+    }
+
+    public function testExceptionToStringLegacy()
+    {
+        if (PHP_VERSION_ID >= 70400) {
+            $this->markTestSkipped('This test is for PHP < 7.4 only');
+        }
+
+        $field = new TestActiveFieldWithException();
+
+        $errorTriggered = false;
+        $errorMessage = '';
+
+        set_error_handler(
+            function ($severity, $message, $file, $line) use (&$errorTriggered, &$errorMessage) {
+                if ($severity === E_USER_ERROR) {
+                    $errorTriggered = true;
+                    $errorMessage = $message;
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            },
+            E_USER_ERROR,
+        );
+
+        $result = (string) $field;
+
+        restore_error_handler();
+
+        $this->assertTrue($errorTriggered, 'E_USER_ERROR should have been triggered');
+        $this->assertStringContainsString('Test exception in toString.', $errorMessage);
+        $this->assertSame('', $result, 'Result should be an empty string');
+    }
+
     /**
      * Helper methods.
      */
@@ -811,3 +859,11 @@ class TestMaskedInput extends MaskedInput
     }
 }
 
+class TestActiveFieldWithException extends ActiveField
+{
+    public function render($content = null)
+    {
+        throw new \Exception('Test exception in toString.');
+    }
+}
+