podman/pkg/varlinkapi/create.go

package varlinkapi

import (
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	goruntime "runtime"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"syscall"
	"time"

	"github.com/containers/common/pkg/sysinfo"
	"github.com/containers/image/v5/manifest"
	"github.com/containers/podman/v2/cmd/podman/parse"
	"github.com/containers/podman/v2/libpod"
	"github.com/containers/podman/v2/libpod/define"
	"github.com/containers/podman/v2/libpod/image"
	ann "github.com/containers/podman/v2/pkg/annotations"
	"github.com/containers/podman/v2/pkg/autoupdate"
	"github.com/containers/podman/v2/pkg/cgroups"
	envLib "github.com/containers/podman/v2/pkg/env"
	"github.com/containers/podman/v2/pkg/errorhandling"
	"github.com/containers/podman/v2/pkg/inspect"
	ns "github.com/containers/podman/v2/pkg/namespaces"
	"github.com/containers/podman/v2/pkg/rootless"
	"github.com/containers/podman/v2/pkg/seccomp"
	cc "github.com/containers/podman/v2/pkg/spec"
	systemdGen "github.com/containers/podman/v2/pkg/systemd/generate"
	"github.com/containers/podman/v2/pkg/util"
	"github.com/docker/go-connections/nat"
	"github.com/docker/go-units"
	"github.com/opentracing/opentracing-go"
	"github.com/pkg/errors"
	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
)

var DefaultKernelNamespaces = "cgroup,ipc,net,uts"

func CreateContainer(ctx context.Context, c *GenericCLIResults, runtime *libpod.Runtime) (*libpod.Container, *cc.CreateConfig, error) {
	var (
		healthCheck *manifest.Schema2HealthConfig
		err         error
		cidFile     *os.File
	)
	if c.Bool("trace") {
		span, _ := opentracing.StartSpanFromContext(ctx, "createContainer")
		defer span.Finish()
	}
	if c.Bool("rm") && c.String("restart") != "" && c.String("restart") != "no" {
		return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("the --rm option conflicts with --restart")
	}

	rtc, err := runtime.GetConfig()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	rootfs := ""
	if c.Bool("rootfs") {
		rootfs = c.InputArgs[0]
	}

	if c.IsSet("cidfile") {
		cidFile, err = util.OpenExclusiveFile(c.String("cidfile"))
		if err != nil && os.IsExist(err) {
			return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("container id file exists. Ensure another container is not using it or delete %s", c.String("cidfile"))
		}
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("error opening cidfile %s", c.String("cidfile"))
		}
		defer errorhandling.CloseQuiet(cidFile)
		defer errorhandling.SyncQuiet(cidFile)
	}

	imageName := ""
	rawImageName := ""
	var imageData *inspect.ImageData = nil

	// Set the storage if there is no rootfs specified
	if rootfs == "" {
		var writer io.Writer
		if !c.Bool("quiet") {
			writer = os.Stderr
		}

		if len(c.InputArgs) != 0 {
			rawImageName = c.InputArgs[0]
		} else {
			return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("error, image name not provided")
		}

		pullType, err := util.ValidatePullType(c.String("pull"))
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}

		overrideOS := c.String("override-os")
		overrideArch := c.String("override-arch")
		dockerRegistryOptions := image.DockerRegistryOptions{
			OSChoice:           overrideOS,
			ArchitectureChoice: overrideArch,
		}

		newImage, err := runtime.ImageRuntime().New(ctx, rawImageName, rtc.Engine.SignaturePolicyPath, c.String("authfile"), writer, &dockerRegistryOptions, image.SigningOptions{}, nil, pullType)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}
		imageData, err = newImage.InspectNoSize(ctx)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}

		if overrideOS == "" && imageData.Os != goruntime.GOOS {
			logrus.Infof("Using %q (OS) image on %q host", imageData.Os, goruntime.GOOS)
		}

		if overrideArch == "" && imageData.Architecture != goruntime.GOARCH {
			logrus.Infof("Using %q (architecture) on %q host", imageData.Architecture, goruntime.GOARCH)
		}

		names := newImage.Names()
		if len(names) > 0 {
			imageName = names[0]
		} else {
			imageName = newImage.ID()
		}

		// if the user disabled the healthcheck with "none" or the no-healthcheck
		// options is provided, we skip adding it
		healthCheckCommandInput := c.String("healthcheck-command")

		// the user didn't disable the healthcheck but did pass in a healthcheck command
		// now we need to make a healthcheck from the commandline input
		if healthCheckCommandInput != "none" && !c.Bool("no-healthcheck") {
			if len(healthCheckCommandInput) > 0 {
				healthCheck, err = makeHealthCheckFromCli(c)
				if err != nil {
					return nil, nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "unable to create healthcheck")
				}
			} else {
				// the user did not disable the health check and did not pass in a healthcheck
				// command as input.  so now we add healthcheck if it exists AND is correct mediatype
				_, mediaType, err := newImage.Manifest(ctx)
				if err != nil {
					return nil, nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "unable to determine mediatype of image %s", newImage.ID())
				}
				if mediaType == manifest.DockerV2Schema2MediaType {
					healthCheck, err = newImage.GetHealthCheck(ctx)
					if err != nil {
						return nil, nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "unable to get healthcheck for %s", c.InputArgs[0])
					}

					if healthCheck != nil {
						hcCommand := healthCheck.Test
						if len(hcCommand) < 1 || hcCommand[0] == "" || hcCommand[0] == "NONE" {
							// disable health check
							healthCheck = nil
						} else {
							// apply defaults if image doesn't override them
							if healthCheck.Interval == 0 {
								healthCheck.Interval = 30 * time.Second
							}
							if healthCheck.Timeout == 0 {
								healthCheck.Timeout = 30 * time.Second
							}
							/* Docker default is 0s, so the following would be a no-op
							if healthCheck.StartPeriod == 0 {
								healthCheck.StartPeriod = 0 * time.Second
							}
							*/
							if healthCheck.Retries == 0 {
								healthCheck.Retries = 3
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	createConfig, err := ParseCreateOpts(ctx, c, runtime, imageName, rawImageName, imageData)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}

	// (VR): Ideally we perform the checks _before_ pulling the image but that
	// would require some bigger code refactoring of `ParseCreateOpts` and the
	// logic here.  But as the creation code will be consolidated in the future
	// and given auto updates are experimental, we can live with that for now.
	// In the end, the user may only need to correct the policy or the raw image
	// name.
	autoUpdatePolicy, autoUpdatePolicySpecified := createConfig.Labels[autoupdate.Label]
	if autoUpdatePolicySpecified {
		if _, err := autoupdate.LookupPolicy(autoUpdatePolicy); err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}
		// Now we need to make sure we're having a fully-qualified image reference.
		if rootfs != "" {
			return nil, nil, errors.Errorf("auto updates do not work with --rootfs")
		}
		// Make sure the input image is a docker.
		if err := autoupdate.ValidateImageReference(rawImageName); err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}
	}

	// Because parseCreateOpts does derive anything from the image, we add health check
	// at this point. The rest is done by WithOptions.
	createConfig.HealthCheck = healthCheck

	// TODO: Should be able to return this from ParseCreateOpts
	var pod *libpod.Pod
	if createConfig.Pod != "" {
		pod, err = runtime.LookupPod(createConfig.Pod)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error looking up pod to join")
		}
	}

	ctr, err := CreateContainerFromCreateConfig(ctx, runtime, createConfig, pod)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	if cidFile != nil {
		_, err = cidFile.WriteString(ctr.ID())
		if err != nil {
			logrus.Error(err)
		}

	}

	logrus.Debugf("New container created %q", ctr.ID())
	return ctr, createConfig, nil
}

func configureEntrypoint(c *GenericCLIResults, data *inspect.ImageData) []string {
	entrypoint := []string{}
	if c.IsSet("entrypoint") {
		// Force entrypoint to ""
		if c.String("entrypoint") == "" {
			return entrypoint
		}
		// Check if entrypoint specified is json
		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(c.String("entrypoint")), &entrypoint); err == nil {
			return entrypoint
		}
		// Return entrypoint as a single command
		return []string{c.String("entrypoint")}
	}
	if data != nil {
		return data.Config.Entrypoint
	}
	return entrypoint
}

func configurePod(c *GenericCLIResults, runtime *libpod.Runtime, namespaces map[string]string, podName string) (map[string]string, string, error) {
	pod, err := runtime.LookupPod(podName)
	if err != nil {
		return namespaces, "", err
	}
	podInfraID, err := pod.InfraContainerID()
	if err != nil {
		return namespaces, "", err
	}
	hasUserns := false
	if podInfraID != "" {
		podCtr, err := runtime.GetContainer(podInfraID)
		if err != nil {
			return namespaces, "", err
		}
		mappings, err := podCtr.IDMappings()
		if err != nil {
			return namespaces, "", err
		}
		hasUserns = len(mappings.UIDMap) > 0
	}

	if (namespaces["pid"] == cc.Pod) || (!c.IsSet("pid") && pod.SharesPID()) {
		namespaces["pid"] = fmt.Sprintf("container:%s", podInfraID)
	}
	if (namespaces["net"] == cc.Pod) || (!c.IsSet("net") && !c.IsSet("network") && pod.SharesNet()) {
		namespaces["net"] = fmt.Sprintf("container:%s", podInfraID)
	}
	if hasUserns && (namespaces["user"] == cc.Pod) || (!c.IsSet("user") && pod.SharesUser()) {
		namespaces["user"] = fmt.Sprintf("container:%s", podInfraID)
	}
	if (namespaces["ipc"] == cc.Pod) || (!c.IsSet("ipc") && pod.SharesIPC()) {
		namespaces["ipc"] = fmt.Sprintf("container:%s", podInfraID)
	}
	if (namespaces["uts"] == cc.Pod) || (!c.IsSet("uts") && pod.SharesUTS()) {
		namespaces["uts"] = fmt.Sprintf("container:%s", podInfraID)
	}
	return namespaces, podInfraID, nil
}

// Parses CLI options related to container creation into a config which can be
// parsed into an OCI runtime spec
func ParseCreateOpts(ctx context.Context, c *GenericCLIResults, runtime *libpod.Runtime, imageName string, rawImageName string, data *inspect.ImageData) (*cc.CreateConfig, error) {
	var (
		inputCommand, command                                    []string
		memoryLimit, memoryReservation, memorySwap, memoryKernel int64
		blkioWeight                                              uint16
		namespaces                                               map[string]string
	)

	idmappings, err := util.ParseIDMapping(ns.UsernsMode(c.String("userns")), c.StringSlice("uidmap"), c.StringSlice("gidmap"), c.String("subuidname"), c.String("subgidname"))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	imageID := ""

	inputCommand = c.InputArgs[1:]
	if data != nil {
		imageID = data.ID
	}

	rootfs := ""
	if c.Bool("rootfs") {
		rootfs = c.InputArgs[0]
	}

	if c.String("memory") != "" {
		memoryLimit, err = units.RAMInBytes(c.String("memory"))
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid value for memory")
		}
	}
	if c.String("memory-reservation") != "" {
		memoryReservation, err = units.RAMInBytes(c.String("memory-reservation"))
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid value for memory-reservation")
		}
	}
	if c.String("memory-swap") != "" {
		if c.String("memory-swap") == "-1" {
			memorySwap = -1
		} else {
			memorySwap, err = units.RAMInBytes(c.String("memory-swap"))
			if err != nil {
				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid value for memory-swap")
			}
		}
	}
	if c.String("kernel-memory") != "" {
		memoryKernel, err = units.RAMInBytes(c.String("kernel-memory"))
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid value for kernel-memory")
		}
	}
	if c.String("blkio-weight") != "" {
		u, err := strconv.ParseUint(c.String("blkio-weight"), 10, 16)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid value for blkio-weight")
		}
		blkioWeight = uint16(u)
	}

	tty := c.Bool("tty")

	if c.Changed("cpu-period") && c.Changed("cpus") {
		return nil, errors.Errorf("--cpu-period and --cpus cannot be set together")
	}
	if c.Changed("cpu-quota") && c.Changed("cpus") {
		return nil, errors.Errorf("--cpu-quota and --cpus cannot be set together")
	}

	if c.Bool("no-hosts") && c.Changed("add-host") {
		return nil, errors.Errorf("--no-hosts and --add-host cannot be set together")
	}

	// EXPOSED PORTS
	var portBindings map[nat.Port][]nat.PortBinding
	if data != nil {
		portBindings, err = cc.ExposedPorts(c.StringSlice("expose"), c.StringSlice("publish"), c.Bool("publish-all"), data.Config.ExposedPorts)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}

	// Kernel Namespaces
	// TODO Fix handling of namespace from pod
	// Instead of integrating here, should be done in libpod
	// However, that also involves setting up security opts
	// when the pod's namespace is integrated
	namespaces = map[string]string{
		"cgroup": c.String("cgroupns"),
		"pid":    c.String("pid"),
		"net":    c.String("network"),
		"ipc":    c.String("ipc"),
		"user":   c.String("userns"),
		"uts":    c.String("uts"),
	}

	originalPodName := c.String("pod")
	podName := strings.Replace(originalPodName, "new:", "", 1)
	// after we strip out :new, make sure there is something left for a pod name
	if len(podName) < 1 && c.IsSet("pod") {
		return nil, errors.Errorf("new pod name must be at least one character")
	}

	// If we are adding a container to a pod, we would like to add an annotation for the infra ID
	// so kata containers can share VMs inside the pod
	var podInfraID string
	if c.IsSet("pod") {
		if strings.HasPrefix(originalPodName, "new:") {
			// pod does not exist; lets make it
			var podOptions []libpod.PodCreateOption
			podOptions = append(podOptions, libpod.WithPodName(podName), libpod.WithInfraContainer(), libpod.WithPodCgroups())
			if len(portBindings) > 0 {
				ociPortBindings, err := cc.NatToOCIPortBindings(portBindings)
				if err != nil {
					return nil, err
				}
				podOptions = append(podOptions, libpod.WithInfraContainerPorts(ociPortBindings))
			}

			podNsOptions, err := GetNamespaceOptions(strings.Split(DefaultKernelNamespaces, ","))
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			podOptions = append(podOptions, podNsOptions...)
			// make pod
			pod, err := runtime.NewPod(ctx, podOptions...)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			logrus.Debugf("pod %s created by new container request", pod.ID())

			// The container now cannot have port bindings; so we reset the map
			portBindings = make(map[nat.Port][]nat.PortBinding)
		}
		namespaces, podInfraID, err = configurePod(c, runtime, namespaces, podName)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}

	pidMode := ns.PidMode(namespaces["pid"])
	if !cc.Valid(string(pidMode), pidMode) {
		return nil, errors.Errorf("--pid %q is not valid", c.String("pid"))
	}

	usernsMode := ns.UsernsMode(namespaces["user"])
	if !cc.Valid(string(usernsMode), usernsMode) {
		return nil, errors.Errorf("--userns %q is not valid", namespaces["user"])
	}

	utsMode := ns.UTSMode(namespaces["uts"])
	if !cc.Valid(string(utsMode), utsMode) {
		return nil, errors.Errorf("--uts %q is not valid", namespaces["uts"])
	}

	cgroupMode := ns.CgroupMode(namespaces["cgroup"])
	if !cgroupMode.Valid() {
		return nil, errors.Errorf("--cgroup %q is not valid", namespaces["cgroup"])
	}

	ipcMode := ns.IpcMode(namespaces["ipc"])
	if !cc.Valid(string(ipcMode), ipcMode) {
		return nil, errors.Errorf("--ipc %q is not valid", ipcMode)
	}

	// Make sure if network is set to container namespace, port binding is not also being asked for
	netMode := ns.NetworkMode(namespaces["net"])
	if netMode.IsContainer() {
		if len(portBindings) > 0 {
			return nil, errors.Errorf("cannot set port bindings on an existing container network namespace")
		}
	}

	// USER
	user := c.String("user")
	if user == "" {
		switch {
		case usernsMode.IsKeepID():
			user = fmt.Sprintf("%d:%d", rootless.GetRootlessUID(), rootless.GetRootlessGID())
		case data == nil:
			user = "0"
		default:
			user = data.Config.User
		}
	}

	// STOP SIGNAL
	stopSignal := syscall.SIGTERM
	signalString := ""
	if data != nil {
		signalString = data.Config.StopSignal
	}
	if c.IsSet("stop-signal") {
		signalString = c.String("stop-signal")
	}
	if signalString != "" {
		stopSignal, err = util.ParseSignal(signalString)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}

	// ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
	//
	// Precedence order (higher index wins):
	//  1) env-host, 2) image data, 3) env-file, 4) env
	env := map[string]string{
		"container": "podman",
	}

	// First transform the os env into a map. We need it for the labels later in
	// any case.
	osEnv, err := envLib.ParseSlice(os.Environ())
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "error parsing host environment variables")
	}

	// Start with env-host

	if c.Bool("env-host") {
		env = envLib.Join(env, osEnv)
	}

	// Image data overrides any previous variables
	if data != nil {
		configEnv, err := envLib.ParseSlice(data.Config.Env)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "error passing image environment variables")
		}
		env = envLib.Join(env, configEnv)
	}

	// env-file overrides any previous variables
	if c.IsSet("env-file") {
		for _, f := range c.StringSlice("env-file") {
			fileEnv, err := envLib.ParseFile(f)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			// File env is overridden by env.
			env = envLib.Join(env, fileEnv)
		}
	}

	if c.IsSet("env") {
		// env overrides any previous variables
		cmdlineEnv := c.StringSlice("env")
		if len(cmdlineEnv) > 0 {
			parsedEnv, err := envLib.ParseSlice(cmdlineEnv)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			env = envLib.Join(env, parsedEnv)
		}
	}

	// LABEL VARIABLES
	labels, err := parse.GetAllLabels(c.StringSlice("label-file"), c.StringArray("label"))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "unable to process labels")
	}
	if data != nil {
		for key, val := range data.Config.Labels {
			if _, ok := labels[key]; !ok {
				labels[key] = val
			}
		}
	}

	if systemdUnit, exists := osEnv[systemdGen.EnvVariable]; exists {
		labels[systemdGen.EnvVariable] = systemdUnit
	}

	// ANNOTATIONS
	annotations := make(map[string]string)

	// First, add our default annotations
	annotations[ann.TTY] = "false"
	if tty {
		annotations[ann.TTY] = "true"
	}

	// in the event this container is in a pod, and the pod has an infra container
	// we will want to configure it as a type "container" instead defaulting to
	// the behavior of a "sandbox" container
	// In Kata containers:
	// - "sandbox" is the annotation that denotes the container should use its own
	//   VM, which is the default behavior
	// - "container" denotes the container should join the VM of the SandboxID
	//   (the infra container)
	if podInfraID != "" {
		annotations[ann.SandboxID] = podInfraID
		annotations[ann.ContainerType] = ann.ContainerTypeContainer
	}

	if data != nil {
		// Next, add annotations from the image
		for key, value := range data.Annotations {
			annotations[key] = value
		}
	}
	// Last, add user annotations
	for _, annotation := range c.StringSlice("annotation") {
		splitAnnotation := strings.SplitN(annotation, "=", 2)
		if len(splitAnnotation) < 2 {
			return nil, errors.Errorf("Annotations must be formatted KEY=VALUE")
		}
		annotations[splitAnnotation[0]] = splitAnnotation[1]
	}

	// WORKING DIRECTORY
	workDir := "/"
	if c.IsSet("workdir") {
		workDir = c.String("workdir")
	} else if data != nil && data.Config.WorkingDir != "" {
		workDir = data.Config.WorkingDir
	}

	userCommand := []string{}
	entrypoint := configureEntrypoint(c, data)
	// Build the command
	// If we have an entry point, it goes first
	if len(entrypoint) > 0 {
		command = entrypoint
	}
	if len(inputCommand) > 0 {
		// User command overrides data CMD
		command = append(command, inputCommand...)
		userCommand = append(userCommand, inputCommand...)
	} else if data != nil && len(data.Config.Cmd) > 0 && !c.IsSet("entrypoint") {
		// If not user command, add CMD
		command = append(command, data.Config.Cmd...)
		userCommand = append(userCommand, data.Config.Cmd...)
	}

	if data != nil && len(command) == 0 {
		return nil, errors.Errorf("No command specified on command line or as CMD or ENTRYPOINT in this image")
	}

	// SHM Size
	shmSize, err := units.FromHumanSize(c.String("shm-size"))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "unable to translate --shm-size")
	}

	if c.IsSet("add-host") {
		// Verify the additional hosts are in correct format
		for _, host := range c.StringSlice("add-host") {
			if _, err := parse.ValidateExtraHost(host); err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
		}
	}

	var (
		dnsSearches []string
		dnsServers  []string
		dnsOptions  []string
	)
	if c.Changed("dns-search") {
		dnsSearches = c.StringSlice("dns-search")
		// Check for explicit dns-search domain of ''
		if len(dnsSearches) == 0 {
			return nil, errors.Errorf("'' is not a valid domain")
		}
		// Validate domains are good
		for _, dom := range dnsSearches {
			if dom == "." {
				if len(dnsSearches) > 1 {
					return nil, errors.Errorf("cannot pass additional search domains when also specifying '.'")
				}
				continue
			}
			if _, err := parse.ValidateDomain(dom); err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
		}
	}
	if c.IsSet("dns") {
		dnsServers = append(dnsServers, c.StringSlice("dns")...)
	}
	if c.IsSet("dns-opt") {
		dnsOptions = c.StringSlice("dns-opt")
	}

	var ImageVolumes map[string]struct{}
	if data != nil && c.String("image-volume") != "ignore" {
		ImageVolumes = data.Config.Volumes
	}

	var imageVolType = map[string]string{
		"bind":   "",
		"tmpfs":  "",
		"ignore": "",
	}
	if _, ok := imageVolType[c.String("image-volume")]; !ok {
		return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid image-volume type %q. Pick one of bind, tmpfs, or ignore", c.String("image-volume"))
	}

	systemd := c.String("systemd") == "always"
	if !systemd && command != nil {
		x, err := strconv.ParseBool(c.String("systemd"))
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "cannot parse bool %s", c.String("systemd"))
		}
		useSystemdCommands := map[string]bool{
			"/sbin/init":           true,
			"/usr/sbin/init":       true,
			"/usr/local/sbin/init": true,
		}
		if x && (useSystemdCommands[command[0]] || (filepath.Base(command[0]) == "systemd")) {
			systemd = true
		}
	}
	if systemd {
		if signalString == "" {
			stopSignal, err = util.ParseSignal("RTMIN+3")
			if err != nil {
				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error parsing systemd signal")
			}
		}
	}
	// This is done because cobra cannot have two aliased flags. So we have to check
	// both
	memorySwappiness := c.Int64("memory-swappiness")

	logDriver := define.KubernetesLogging
	if c.Changed("log-driver") {
		logDriver = c.String("log-driver")
	}

	pidsLimit := c.Int64("pids-limit")
	if c.String("cgroups") == "disabled" && !c.Changed("pids-limit") {
		pidsLimit = -1
	}

	pid := &cc.PidConfig{
		PidMode: pidMode,
	}
	ipc := &cc.IpcConfig{
		IpcMode: ipcMode,
	}

	cgroup := &cc.CgroupConfig{
		Cgroups:      c.String("cgroups"),
		Cgroupns:     c.String("cgroupns"),
		CgroupParent: c.String("cgroup-parent"),
		CgroupMode:   cgroupMode,
	}

	userns := &cc.UserConfig{
		GroupAdd:   c.StringSlice("group-add"),
		IDMappings: idmappings,
		UsernsMode: usernsMode,
		User:       user,
	}

	uts := &cc.UtsConfig{
		UtsMode:  utsMode,
		NoHosts:  c.Bool("no-hosts"),
		HostAdd:  c.StringSlice("add-host"),
		Hostname: c.String("hostname"),
	}
	net := &cc.NetworkConfig{
		DNSOpt:       dnsOptions,
		DNSSearch:    dnsSearches,
		DNSServers:   dnsServers,
		HTTPProxy:    c.Bool("http-proxy"),
		MacAddress:   c.String("mac-address"),
		Network:      c.String("network"),
		NetMode:      netMode,
		IPAddress:    c.String("ip"),
		Publish:      c.StringSlice("publish"),
		PublishAll:   c.Bool("publish-all"),
		PortBindings: portBindings,
	}

	sysctl := map[string]string{}
	if c.Changed("sysctl") {
		sysctl, err = util.ValidateSysctls(c.StringSlice("sysctl"))
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid value for sysctl")
		}
	}

	secConfig := &cc.SecurityConfig{
		CapAdd:         c.StringSlice("cap-add"),
		CapDrop:        c.StringSlice("cap-drop"),
		Privileged:     c.Bool("privileged"),
		ReadOnlyRootfs: c.Bool("read-only"),
		ReadOnlyTmpfs:  c.Bool("read-only-tmpfs"),
		Sysctl:         sysctl,
	}

	var securityOpt []string
	if c.Changed("security-opt") {
		securityOpt = c.StringArray("security-opt")
	}
	if err := secConfig.SetSecurityOpts(runtime, securityOpt); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// SECCOMP
	if data != nil {
		if value, exists := labels[seccomp.ContainerImageLabel]; exists {
			secConfig.SeccompProfileFromImage = value
		}
	}
	if policy, err := seccomp.LookupPolicy(c.String("seccomp-policy")); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	} else {
		secConfig.SeccompPolicy = policy
	}
	rtc, err := runtime.GetConfig()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	volumes := rtc.Containers.Volumes
	if c.Changed("volume") {
		volumes = append(volumes, c.StringSlice("volume")...)
	}

	devices := rtc.Containers.Devices
	if c.Changed("device") {
		devices = append(devices, c.StringSlice("device")...)
	}

	config := &cc.CreateConfig{
		Annotations:       annotations,
		BuiltinImgVolumes: ImageVolumes,
		ConmonPidFile:     c.String("conmon-pidfile"),
		ImageVolumeType:   c.String("image-volume"),
		CidFile:           c.String("cidfile"),
		Command:           command,
		UserCommand:       userCommand,
		Detach:            c.Bool("detach"),
		Devices:           devices,
		Entrypoint:        entrypoint,
		Env:               env,
		// ExposedPorts:   ports,
		Init:         c.Bool("init"),
		InitPath:     c.String("init-path"),
		Image:        imageName,
		RawImageName: rawImageName,
		ImageID:      imageID,
		Interactive:  c.Bool("interactive"),
		// IP6Address:     c.String("ipv6"), // Not implemented yet - needs CNI support for static v6
		Labels: labels,
		// LinkLocalIP:    c.StringSlice("link-local-ip"), // Not implemented yet
		LogDriver:    logDriver,
		LogDriverOpt: c.StringSlice("log-opt"),
		Name:         c.String("name"),
		// NetworkAlias:   c.StringSlice("network-alias"), // Not implemented - does this make sense in Podman?
		Pod:   podName,
		Quiet: c.Bool("quiet"),
		Resources: cc.CreateResourceConfig{
			BlkioWeight:       blkioWeight,
			BlkioWeightDevice: c.StringSlice("blkio-weight-device"),
			CPUShares:         c.Uint64("cpu-shares"),
			CPUPeriod:         c.Uint64("cpu-period"),
			CPUsetCPUs:        c.String("cpuset-cpus"),
			CPUsetMems:        c.String("cpuset-mems"),
			CPUQuota:          c.Int64("cpu-quota"),
			CPURtPeriod:       c.Uint64("cpu-rt-period"),
			CPURtRuntime:      c.Int64("cpu-rt-runtime"),
			CPUs:              c.Float64("cpus"),
			DeviceCgroupRules: c.StringSlice("device-cgroup-rule"),
			DeviceReadBps:     c.StringSlice("device-read-bps"),
			DeviceReadIOps:    c.StringSlice("device-read-iops"),
			DeviceWriteBps:    c.StringSlice("device-write-bps"),
			DeviceWriteIOps:   c.StringSlice("device-write-iops"),
			DisableOomKiller:  c.Bool("oom-kill-disable"),
			ShmSize:           shmSize,
			Memory:            memoryLimit,
			MemoryReservation: memoryReservation,
			MemorySwap:        memorySwap,
			MemorySwappiness:  int(memorySwappiness),
			KernelMemory:      memoryKernel,
			OomScoreAdj:       c.Int("oom-score-adj"),
			PidsLimit:         pidsLimit,
			Ulimit:            c.StringSlice("ulimit"),
		},
		RestartPolicy: c.String("restart"),
		Rm:            c.Bool("rm"),
		Security:      *secConfig,
		StopSignal:    stopSignal,
		StopTimeout:   c.Uint("stop-timeout"),
		Systemd:       systemd,
		Tmpfs:         c.StringArray("tmpfs"),
		Tty:           tty,
		MountsFlag:    c.StringArray("mount"),
		Volumes:       volumes,
		WorkDir:       workDir,
		Rootfs:        rootfs,
		VolumesFrom:   c.StringSlice("volumes-from"),
		Syslog:        c.Bool("syslog"),

		Pid:     *pid,
		Ipc:     *ipc,
		Cgroup:  *cgroup,
		User:    *userns,
		Uts:     *uts,
		Network: *net,
	}

	warnings, err := verifyContainerResources(config, false)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	for _, warning := range warnings {
		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, warning)
	}
	return config, nil
}

func CreateContainerFromCreateConfig(ctx context.Context, r *libpod.Runtime, createConfig *cc.CreateConfig, pod *libpod.Pod) (*libpod.Container, error) {
	runtimeSpec, options, err := createConfig.MakeContainerConfig(r, pod)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	ctr, err := r.NewContainer(ctx, runtimeSpec, options...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return ctr, nil
}

func makeHealthCheckFromCli(c *GenericCLIResults) (*manifest.Schema2HealthConfig, error) {
	inCommand := c.String("healthcheck-command")
	inInterval := c.String("healthcheck-interval")
	inRetries := c.Uint("healthcheck-retries")
	inTimeout := c.String("healthcheck-timeout")
	inStartPeriod := c.String("healthcheck-start-period")

	// Every healthcheck requires a command
	if len(inCommand) == 0 {
		return nil, errors.New("Must define a healthcheck command for all healthchecks")
	}

	// first try to parse option value as JSON array of strings...
	cmd := []string{}
	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(inCommand), &cmd)
	if err != nil {
		// ...otherwise pass it to "/bin/sh -c" inside the container
		cmd = []string{"CMD-SHELL", inCommand}
	}
	hc := manifest.Schema2HealthConfig{
		Test: cmd,
	}

	if inInterval == "disable" {
		inInterval = "0"
	}
	intervalDuration, err := time.ParseDuration(inInterval)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid healthcheck-interval %s ", inInterval)
	}

	hc.Interval = intervalDuration

	if inRetries < 1 {
		return nil, errors.New("healthcheck-retries must be greater than 0.")
	}
	hc.Retries = int(inRetries)
	timeoutDuration, err := time.ParseDuration(inTimeout)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid healthcheck-timeout %s", inTimeout)
	}
	if timeoutDuration < time.Duration(1) {
		return nil, errors.New("healthcheck-timeout must be at least 1 second")
	}
	hc.Timeout = timeoutDuration

	startPeriodDuration, err := time.ParseDuration(inStartPeriod)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid healthcheck-start-period %s", inStartPeriod)
	}
	if startPeriodDuration < time.Duration(0) {
		return nil, errors.New("healthcheck-start-period must be 0 seconds or greater")
	}
	hc.StartPeriod = startPeriodDuration

	return &hc, nil
}

// GetNamespaceOptions transforms a slice of kernel namespaces
// into a slice of pod create options. Currently, not all
// kernel namespaces are supported, and they will be returned in an error
func GetNamespaceOptions(ns []string) ([]libpod.PodCreateOption, error) {
	var options []libpod.PodCreateOption
	var erroredOptions []libpod.PodCreateOption
	for _, toShare := range ns {
		switch toShare {
		case "cgroup":
			options = append(options, libpod.WithPodCgroups())
		case "net":
			options = append(options, libpod.WithPodNet())
		case "mnt":
			return erroredOptions, errors.Errorf("Mount sharing functionality not supported on pod level")
		case "pid":
			options = append(options, libpod.WithPodPID())
		case "user":
			return erroredOptions, errors.Errorf("User sharing functionality not supported on pod level")
		case "ipc":
			options = append(options, libpod.WithPodIPC())
		case "uts":
			options = append(options, libpod.WithPodUTS())
		case "":
		case "none":
			return erroredOptions, nil
		default:
			return erroredOptions, errors.Errorf("Invalid kernel namespace to share: %s. Options are: net, pid, ipc, uts or none", toShare)
		}
	}
	return options, nil
}

func addWarning(warnings []string, msg string) []string {
	logrus.Warn(msg)
	return append(warnings, msg)
}

func verifyContainerResources(config *cc.CreateConfig, update bool) ([]string, error) {
	warnings := []string{}

	cgroup2, err := cgroups.IsCgroup2UnifiedMode()
	if err != nil || cgroup2 {
		return warnings, err
	}

	sysInfo := sysinfo.New(true)

	// memory subsystem checks and adjustments
	if config.Resources.Memory > 0 && !sysInfo.MemoryLimit {
		warnings = addWarning(warnings, "Your kernel does not support memory limit capabilities or the cgroup is not mounted. Limitation discarded.")
		config.Resources.Memory = 0
		config.Resources.MemorySwap = -1
	}
	if config.Resources.Memory > 0 && config.Resources.MemorySwap != -1 && !sysInfo.SwapLimit {
		warnings = addWarning(warnings, "Your kernel does not support swap limit capabilities,or the cgroup is not mounted. Memory limited without swap.")
		config.Resources.MemorySwap = -1
	}
	if config.Resources.Memory > 0 && config.Resources.MemorySwap > 0 && config.Resources.MemorySwap < config.Resources.Memory {
		return warnings, fmt.Errorf("minimum memoryswap limit should be larger than memory limit, see usage")
	}
	if config.Resources.Memory == 0 && config.Resources.MemorySwap > 0 && !update {
		return warnings, fmt.Errorf("you should always set the memory limit when using memoryswap limit, see usage")
	}
	if config.Resources.MemorySwappiness != -1 {
		if !sysInfo.MemorySwappiness {
			msg := "Your kernel does not support memory swappiness capabilities, or the cgroup is not mounted. Memory swappiness discarded."
			warnings = addWarning(warnings, msg)
			config.Resources.MemorySwappiness = -1
		} else {
			swappiness := config.Resources.MemorySwappiness
			if swappiness < -1 || swappiness > 100 {
				return warnings, fmt.Errorf("invalid value: %v, valid memory swappiness range is 0-100", swappiness)
			}
		}
	}
	if config.Resources.MemoryReservation > 0 && !sysInfo.MemoryReservation {
		warnings = addWarning(warnings, "Your kernel does not support memory soft limit capabilities or the cgroup is not mounted. Limitation discarded.")
		config.Resources.MemoryReservation = 0
	}
	if config.Resources.Memory > 0 && config.Resources.MemoryReservation > 0 && config.Resources.Memory < config.Resources.MemoryReservation {
		return warnings, fmt.Errorf("minimum memory limit cannot be less than memory reservation limit, see usage")
	}
	if config.Resources.KernelMemory > 0 && !sysInfo.KernelMemory {
		warnings = addWarning(warnings, "Your kernel does not support kernel memory limit capabilities or the cgroup is not mounted. Limitation discarded.")
		config.Resources.KernelMemory = 0
	}
	if config.Resources.DisableOomKiller && !sysInfo.OomKillDisable {
		// only produce warnings if the setting wasn't to *disable* the OOM Kill; no point
		// warning the caller if they already wanted the feature to be off
		warnings = addWarning(warnings, "Your kernel does not support OomKillDisable. OomKillDisable discarded.")
		config.Resources.DisableOomKiller = false
	}

	if config.Resources.PidsLimit != 0 && !sysInfo.PidsLimit {
		warnings = addWarning(warnings, "Your kernel does not support pids limit capabilities or the cgroup is not mounted. PIDs limit discarded.")
		config.Resources.PidsLimit = 0
	}

	if config.Resources.CPUShares > 0 && !sysInfo.CPUShares {
		warnings = addWarning(warnings, "Your kernel does not support CPU shares or the cgroup is not mounted. Shares discarded.")
		config.Resources.CPUShares = 0
	}
	if config.Resources.CPUPeriod > 0 && !sysInfo.CPUCfsPeriod {
		warnings = addWarning(warnings, "Your kernel does not support CPU cfs period or the cgroup is not mounted. Period discarded.")
		config.Resources.CPUPeriod = 0
	}
	if config.Resources.CPUPeriod != 0 && (config.Resources.CPUPeriod < 1000 || config.Resources.CPUPeriod > 1000000) {
		return warnings, fmt.Errorf("CPU cfs period cannot be less than 1ms (i.e. 1000) or larger than 1s (i.e. 1000000)")
	}
	if config.Resources.CPUQuota > 0 && !sysInfo.CPUCfsQuota {
		warnings = addWarning(warnings, "Your kernel does not support CPU cfs quota or the cgroup is not mounted. Quota discarded.")
		config.Resources.CPUQuota = 0
	}
	if config.Resources.CPUQuota > 0 && config.Resources.CPUQuota < 1000 {
		return warnings, fmt.Errorf("CPU cfs quota cannot be less than 1ms (i.e. 1000)")
	}
	// cpuset subsystem checks and adjustments
	if (config.Resources.CPUsetCPUs != "" || config.Resources.CPUsetMems != "") && !sysInfo.Cpuset {
		warnings = addWarning(warnings, "Your kernel does not support cpuset or the cgroup is not mounted. CPUset discarded.")
		config.Resources.CPUsetCPUs = ""
		config.Resources.CPUsetMems = ""
	}
	cpusAvailable, err := sysInfo.IsCpusetCpusAvailable(config.Resources.CPUsetCPUs)
	if err != nil {
		return warnings, fmt.Errorf("invalid value %s for cpuset cpus", config.Resources.CPUsetCPUs)
	}
	if !cpusAvailable {
		return warnings, fmt.Errorf("requested CPUs are not available - requested %s, available: %s", config.Resources.CPUsetCPUs, sysInfo.Cpus)
	}
	memsAvailable, err := sysInfo.IsCpusetMemsAvailable(config.Resources.CPUsetMems)
	if err != nil {
		return warnings, fmt.Errorf("invalid value %s for cpuset mems", config.Resources.CPUsetMems)
	}
	if !memsAvailable {
		return warnings, fmt.Errorf("requested memory nodes are not available - requested %s, available: %s", config.Resources.CPUsetMems, sysInfo.Mems)
	}

	// blkio subsystem checks and adjustments
	if config.Resources.BlkioWeight > 0 && !sysInfo.BlkioWeight {
		warnings = addWarning(warnings, "Your kernel does not support Block I/O weight or the cgroup is not mounted. Weight discarded.")
		config.Resources.BlkioWeight = 0
	}
	if config.Resources.BlkioWeight > 0 && (config.Resources.BlkioWeight < 10 || config.Resources.BlkioWeight > 1000) {
		return warnings, fmt.Errorf("range of blkio weight is from 10 to 1000")
	}
	if len(config.Resources.BlkioWeightDevice) > 0 && !sysInfo.BlkioWeightDevice {
		warnings = addWarning(warnings, "Your kernel does not support Block I/O weight_device or the cgroup is not mounted. Weight-device discarded.")
		config.Resources.BlkioWeightDevice = []string{}
	}
	if len(config.Resources.DeviceReadBps) > 0 && !sysInfo.BlkioReadBpsDevice {
		warnings = addWarning(warnings, "Your kernel does not support BPS Block I/O read limit or the cgroup is not mounted. Block I/O BPS read limit discarded")
		config.Resources.DeviceReadBps = []string{}
	}
	if len(config.Resources.DeviceWriteBps) > 0 && !sysInfo.BlkioWriteBpsDevice {
		warnings = addWarning(warnings, "Your kernel does not support BPS Block I/O write limit or the cgroup is not mounted. Block I/O BPS write limit discarded.")
		config.Resources.DeviceWriteBps = []string{}
	}
	if len(config.Resources.DeviceReadIOps) > 0 && !sysInfo.BlkioReadIOpsDevice {
		warnings = addWarning(warnings, "Your kernel does not support IOPS Block read limit or the cgroup is not mounted. Block I/O IOPS read limit discarded.")
		config.Resources.DeviceReadIOps = []string{}
	}
	if len(config.Resources.DeviceWriteIOps) > 0 && !sysInfo.BlkioWriteIOpsDevice {
		warnings = addWarning(warnings, "Your kernel does not support IOPS Block I/O write limit or the cgroup is not mounted. Block I/O IOPS write limit discarded.")
		config.Resources.DeviceWriteIOps = []string{}
	}

	return warnings, nil
}