podman/pkg/systemd/generate/pods.go

package generate

import (
	"bytes"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"sort"
	"strings"
	"text/template"
	"time"

	"github.com/containers/podman/v4/libpod"
	"github.com/containers/podman/v4/pkg/domain/entities"
	"github.com/containers/podman/v4/pkg/systemd/define"
	"github.com/containers/podman/v4/version"
	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
)

// podInfo contains data required for generating a pod's systemd
// unit file.
type podInfo struct {
	// ServiceName of the systemd service.
	ServiceName string
	// Name or ID of the infra container.
	InfraNameOrID string
	// StopTimeout sets the timeout Podman waits before killing the container
	// during service stop.
	StopTimeout uint
	// RestartPolicy of the systemd unit (e.g., no, on-failure, always).
	RestartPolicy string
	// RestartSec of the systemd unit. Configures the time to sleep before restarting a service.
	RestartSec uint
	// PIDFile of the service. Required for forking services. Must point to the
	// PID of the associated conmon process.
	PIDFile string
	// PodIDFile of the unit.
	PodIDFile string
	// GenerateTimestamp, if set the generated unit file has a time stamp.
	GenerateTimestamp bool
	// RequiredServices are services this service requires. Note that this
	// service runs before them.
	RequiredServices []string
	// PodmanVersion for the header. Will be set internally. Will be auto-filled
	// if left empty.
	PodmanVersion string
	// Executable is the path to the podman executable. Will be auto-filled if
	// left empty.
	Executable string
	// RootFlags contains the root flags which were used to create the container
	// Only used with --new
	RootFlags string
	// TimeStamp at the time of creating the unit file. Will be set internally.
	TimeStamp string
	// CreateCommand is the full command plus arguments of the process the
	// container has been created with.
	CreateCommand []string
	// PodCreateCommand - a post-processed variant of CreateCommand to use
	// when creating the pod.
	PodCreateCommand string
	// EnvVariable is generate.EnvVariable and must not be set.
	EnvVariable string
	// ExecStartPre of the unit.
	ExecStartPre string
	// ExecStart of the unit.
	ExecStart string
	// TimeoutStopSec of the unit.
	TimeoutStopSec uint
	// ExecStop of the unit.
	ExecStop string
	// ExecStopPost of the unit.
	ExecStopPost string
	// Removes autogenerated by Podman and timestamp if set to true
	GenerateNoHeader bool
	// Location of the GraphRoot for the pod.  Required for ensuring the
	// volume has finished mounting when coming online at boot.
	GraphRoot string
	// Location of the RunRoot for the pod.  Required for ensuring the tmpfs
	// or volume exists and is mounted when coming online at boot.
	RunRoot string
	// Add %i and %I to description and execute parts - this should not be used
	IdentifySpecifier bool
	// Wants are the list of services that this service is (weak) dependent on. This
	// option does not influence the order in which services are started or stopped.
	Wants []string
	// After ordering dependencies between the list of services and this service.
	After []string
	// Similar to Wants, but declares a stronger requirement dependency.
	Requires []string
}

const podTemplate = headerTemplate + `Wants={{{{- range $index, $value := .RequiredServices -}}}}{{{{if $index}}}} {{{{end}}}}{{{{ $value }}}}.service{{{{end}}}}
Before={{{{- range $index, $value := .RequiredServices -}}}}{{{{if $index}}}} {{{{end}}}}{{{{ $value }}}}.service{{{{end}}}}
{{{{- if or .Wants .After .Requires }}}}

# User-defined dependencies
{{{{- end}}}}
{{{{- if .Wants}}}}
Wants={{{{- range $index, $value := .Wants }}}}{{{{ if $index}}}} {{{{end}}}}{{{{ $value }}}}{{{{end}}}}
{{{{- end}}}}
{{{{- if .After}}}}
After={{{{- range $index, $value := .After }}}}{{{{ if $index}}}} {{{{end}}}}{{{{ $value }}}}{{{{end}}}}
{{{{- end}}}}
{{{{- if .Requires}}}}
Requires={{{{- range $index, $value := .Requires }}}}{{{{ if $index}}}} {{{{end}}}}{{{{ $value }}}}{{{{end}}}}
{{{{- end}}}}

[Service]
Environment={{{{.EnvVariable}}}}=%n
Restart={{{{.RestartPolicy}}}}
{{{{- if .RestartSec}}}}
RestartSec={{{{.RestartSec}}}}
{{{{- end}}}}
TimeoutStopSec={{{{.TimeoutStopSec}}}}
{{{{- if .ExecStartPre}}}}
ExecStartPre={{{{.ExecStartPre}}}}
{{{{- end}}}}
ExecStart={{{{.ExecStart}}}}
ExecStop={{{{.ExecStop}}}}
ExecStopPost={{{{.ExecStopPost}}}}
PIDFile={{{{.PIDFile}}}}
Type=forking

[Install]
WantedBy=default.target
`

// PodUnits generates systemd units for the specified pod and its containers.
// Based on the options, the return value might be the content of all units or
// the files they been written to.
func PodUnits(pod *libpod.Pod, options entities.GenerateSystemdOptions) (map[string]string, error) {
	if options.TemplateUnitFile {
		return nil, errors.New("--template is not supported for pods")
	}
	// Error out if the pod has no infra container, which we require to be the
	// main service.
	if !pod.HasInfraContainer() {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("generating systemd unit files: Pod %q has no infra container", pod.Name())
	}

	podInfo, err := generatePodInfo(pod, options)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	infraID, err := pod.InfraContainerID()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Compute the container-dependency graph for the Pod.
	containers, err := pod.AllContainers()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if len(containers) == 0 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("generating systemd unit files: Pod %q has no containers", pod.Name())
	}
	graph, err := libpod.BuildContainerGraph(containers)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Traverse the dependency graph and create systemdgen.containerInfo's for
	// each container.
	containerInfos := []*containerInfo{}
	for ctr, dependencies := range graph.DependencyMap() {
		// Skip the infra container as we already generated it.
		if ctr.ID() == infraID {
			continue
		}
		ctrInfo, err := generateContainerInfo(ctr, options)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		// Now add the container's dependencies and at the container as a
		// required service of the infra container.
		for _, dep := range dependencies {
			if dep.ID() == infraID {
				ctrInfo.BoundToServices = append(ctrInfo.BoundToServices, podInfo.ServiceName)
			} else {
				_, serviceName := containerServiceName(dep, options)
				ctrInfo.BoundToServices = append(ctrInfo.BoundToServices, serviceName)
			}
		}
		podInfo.RequiredServices = append(podInfo.RequiredServices, ctrInfo.ServiceName)
		containerInfos = append(containerInfos, ctrInfo)
	}

	units := map[string]string{}
	// Now generate the systemd service for all containers.
	out, err := executePodTemplate(podInfo, options)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	units[podInfo.ServiceName] = out
	for _, info := range containerInfos {
		info.Pod = podInfo
		out, err := executeContainerTemplate(info, options)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		units[info.ServiceName] = out
	}

	return units, nil
}

func generatePodInfo(pod *libpod.Pod, options entities.GenerateSystemdOptions) (*podInfo, error) {
	// Generate a systemdgen.containerInfo for the infra container. This
	// containerInfo acts as the main service of the pod.
	infraCtr, err := pod.InfraContainer()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not find infra container: %w", err)
	}

	stopTimeout := infraCtr.StopTimeout()
	if options.StopTimeout != nil {
		stopTimeout = *options.StopTimeout
	}

	config := infraCtr.Config()
	conmonPidFile := config.ConmonPidFile
	if conmonPidFile == "" {
		return nil, errors.New("conmon PID file path is empty, try to recreate the container with --conmon-pidfile flag")
	}

	createCommand := pod.CreateCommand()
	if options.New && len(createCommand) == 0 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot use --new on pod %q: no create command found", pod.ID())
	}

	nameOrID := pod.ID()
	ctrNameOrID := infraCtr.ID()
	if options.Name {
		nameOrID = pod.Name()
		ctrNameOrID = infraCtr.Name()
	}

	serviceName := getServiceName(options.PodPrefix, options.Separator, nameOrID)

	info := podInfo{
		ServiceName:       serviceName,
		InfraNameOrID:     ctrNameOrID,
		PIDFile:           conmonPidFile,
		StopTimeout:       stopTimeout,
		GenerateTimestamp: true,
		CreateCommand:     createCommand,
		RunRoot:           infraCtr.Runtime().RunRoot(),
	}
	return &info, nil
}

// Determine whether the command array includes an exit-policy setting
func hasPodExitPolicy(cmd []string) bool {
	for _, arg := range cmd {
		if strings.HasPrefix(arg, "--exit-policy=") || arg == "--exit-policy" {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// executePodTemplate executes the pod template on the specified podInfo.  Note
// that the podInfo is also post processed and completed, which allows for an
// easier unit testing.
func executePodTemplate(info *podInfo, options entities.GenerateSystemdOptions) (string, error) {
	info.RestartPolicy = define.DefaultRestartPolicy
	if options.RestartPolicy != nil {
		if err := validateRestartPolicy(*options.RestartPolicy); err != nil {
			return "", err
		}
		info.RestartPolicy = *options.RestartPolicy
	}

	if options.RestartSec != nil {
		info.RestartSec = *options.RestartSec
	}

	// Make sure the executable is set.
	if info.Executable == "" {
		executable, err := os.Executable()
		if err != nil {
			executable = "/usr/bin/podman"
			logrus.Warnf("Could not obtain podman executable location, using default %s: %v", executable, err)
		}
		info.Executable = executable
	}

	info.EnvVariable = define.EnvVariable
	info.ExecStart = formatOptionsString("{{{{.Executable}}}} start {{{{.InfraNameOrID}}}}")
	info.ExecStop = formatOptionsString("{{{{.Executable}}}} stop {{{{if (ge .StopTimeout 0)}}}} -t {{{{.StopTimeout}}}}{{{{end}}}} {{{{.InfraNameOrID}}}}")
	info.ExecStopPost = formatOptionsString("{{{{.Executable}}}} stop {{{{if (ge .StopTimeout 0)}}}} -t {{{{.StopTimeout}}}}{{{{end}}}} {{{{.InfraNameOrID}}}}")

	// Assemble the ExecStart command when creating a new pod.
	//
	// Note that we cannot catch all corner cases here such that users
	// *must* manually check the generated files.  A pod might have been
	// created via a Python script, which would certainly yield an invalid
	// `info.CreateCommand`.  Hence, we're doing a best effort unit
	// generation and don't try aiming at completeness.
	if options.New {
		info.PIDFile = "%t/" + info.ServiceName + ".pid"
		info.PodIDFile = "%t/" + info.ServiceName + ".pod-id"

		podCreateIndex := 0
		var podRootArgs, podCreateArgs []string
		switch len(info.CreateCommand) {
		case 0, 1, 2:
			return "", fmt.Errorf("pod does not appear to be created via `podman pod create`: %v", info.CreateCommand)
		default:
			// Make sure that pod was created with `pod create` and
			// not something else, such as `run --pod new`.
			for i := 1; i < len(info.CreateCommand); i++ {
				if info.CreateCommand[i-1] == "pod" && info.CreateCommand[i] == "create" {
					podCreateIndex = i
					break
				}
			}
			if podCreateIndex == 0 {
				return "", fmt.Errorf("pod does not appear to be created via `podman pod create`: %v", info.CreateCommand)
			}
			podRootArgs = info.CreateCommand[1 : podCreateIndex-1]
			info.RootFlags = strings.Join(escapeSystemdArguments(podRootArgs), " ")
			podCreateArgs = filterPodFlags(info.CreateCommand[podCreateIndex+1:], 0)
		}
		// We're hard-coding the first five arguments and append the
		// CreateCommand with a stripped command and subcommand.
		startCommand := []string{info.Executable}
		startCommand = append(startCommand, podRootArgs...)
		startCommand = append(startCommand,
			"pod", "create",
			"--infra-conmon-pidfile", "{{{{.PIDFile}}}}",
			"--pod-id-file", "{{{{.PodIDFile}}}}")

		// Presence check for certain flags/options.
		fs := pflag.NewFlagSet("args", pflag.ContinueOnError)
		fs.ParseErrorsWhitelist.UnknownFlags = true
		fs.Usage = func() {}
		fs.SetInterspersed(false)
		fs.String("name", "", "")
		fs.Bool("replace", false, "")
		if err := fs.Parse(podCreateArgs); err != nil {
			return "", fmt.Errorf("parsing remaining command-line arguments: %w", err)
		}

		hasNameParam := fs.Lookup("name").Changed
		hasReplaceParam, err := fs.GetBool("replace")
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}
		if hasNameParam && !hasReplaceParam {
			if fs.Changed("replace") {
				// this can only happen if --replace=false is set
				// in that case we need to remove it otherwise we
				// would overwrite the previous replace arg to false
				podCreateArgs = removeReplaceArg(podCreateArgs, fs.NArg())
			}
			podCreateArgs = append(podCreateArgs, "--replace")
		}

		if !hasPodExitPolicy(append(startCommand, podCreateArgs...)) {
			startCommand = append(startCommand, "--exit-policy=stop")
		}
		startCommand = append(startCommand, podCreateArgs...)
		startCommand = escapeSystemdArguments(startCommand)

		info.ExecStartPre = formatOptions(startCommand)
		info.ExecStart = formatOptionsString("{{{{.Executable}}}} {{{{if .RootFlags}}}}{{{{ .RootFlags}}}} {{{{end}}}}pod start --pod-id-file {{{{.PodIDFile}}}}")
		info.ExecStop = formatOptionsString("{{{{.Executable}}}} {{{{if .RootFlags}}}}{{{{ .RootFlags}}}} {{{{end}}}}pod stop --ignore --pod-id-file {{{{.PodIDFile}}}} {{{{if (ge .StopTimeout 0)}}}} -t {{{{.StopTimeout}}}}{{{{end}}}}")
		info.ExecStopPost = formatOptionsString("{{{{.Executable}}}} {{{{if .RootFlags}}}}{{{{ .RootFlags}}}} {{{{end}}}}pod rm --ignore -f --pod-id-file {{{{.PodIDFile}}}}")
	}
	info.TimeoutStopSec = minTimeoutStopSec + info.StopTimeout

	if info.PodmanVersion == "" {
		info.PodmanVersion = version.Version.String()
	}

	if options.NoHeader {
		info.GenerateNoHeader = true
		info.GenerateTimestamp = false
	}

	if info.GenerateTimestamp {
		info.TimeStamp = fmt.Sprintf("%v", time.Now().Format(time.UnixDate))
	}

	// Sort the slices to assure a deterministic output.
	sort.Strings(info.RequiredServices)

	// Generate the template and compile it.
	//
	// Note that we need a two-step generation process to allow for fields
	// embedding other fields.  This way we can replace `A -> B -> C` and
	// make the code easier to maintain at the cost of a slightly slower
	// generation.  That's especially needed for embedding the PID and ID
	// files in other fields which will eventually get replaced in the 2nd
	// template execution.
	templ, err := template.New("pod_template").Delims("{{{{", "}}}}").Parse(podTemplate)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("parsing systemd service template: %w", err)
	}

	var buf bytes.Buffer
	if err := templ.Execute(&buf, info); err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	// Now parse the generated template (i.e., buf) and execute it.
	templ, err = template.New("pod_template").Delims("{{{{", "}}}}").Parse(buf.String())
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("parsing systemd service template: %w", err)
	}

	buf = bytes.Buffer{}
	if err := templ.Execute(&buf, info); err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	return buf.String(), nil
}