journald event logging

add the ability for podman to read and write events to journald instead
of just a logfile.  This can be controlled in libpod.conf with the
`events_logger` attribute of `journald` or `file`.  The default will be
set to `journald`.

Signed-off-by: baude <bbaude@redhat.com>

vendor/github.com/coreos/go-systemd/journal/journal.go

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+// Copyright 2015 CoreOS, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package journal provides write bindings to the local systemd journal.
+// It is implemented in pure Go and connects to the journal directly over its
+// unix socket.
+//
+// To read from the journal, see the "sdjournal" package, which wraps the
+// sd-journal a C API.
+//
+// http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd-journald.service.html
+package journal
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// Priority of a journal message
+type Priority int
+
+const (
+	PriEmerg Priority = iota
+	PriAlert
+	PriCrit
+	PriErr
+	PriWarning
+	PriNotice
+	PriInfo
+	PriDebug
+)
+
+var conn net.Conn
+
+func init() {
+	var err error
+	conn, err = net.Dial("unixgram", "/run/systemd/journal/socket")
+	if err != nil {
+		conn = nil
+	}
+}
+
+// Enabled returns true if the local systemd journal is available for logging
+func Enabled() bool {
+	return conn != nil
+}
+
+// Send a message to the local systemd journal. vars is a map of journald
+// fields to values.  Fields must be composed of uppercase letters, numbers,
+// and underscores, but must not start with an underscore. Within these
+// restrictions, any arbitrary field name may be used.  Some names have special
+// significance: see the journalctl documentation
+// (http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.journal-fields.html)
+// for more details.  vars may be nil.
+func Send(message string, priority Priority, vars map[string]string) error {
+	if conn == nil {
+		return journalError("could not connect to journald socket")
+	}
+
+	data := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	appendVariable(data, "PRIORITY", strconv.Itoa(int(priority)))
+	appendVariable(data, "MESSAGE", message)
+	for k, v := range vars {
+		appendVariable(data, k, v)
+	}
+
+	_, err := io.Copy(conn, data)
+	if err != nil && isSocketSpaceError(err) {
+		file, err := tempFd()
+		if err != nil {
+			return journalError(err.Error())
+		}
+		defer file.Close()
+		_, err = io.Copy(file, data)
+		if err != nil {
+			return journalError(err.Error())
+		}
+
+		rights := syscall.UnixRights(int(file.Fd()))
+
+		/* this connection should always be a UnixConn, but better safe than sorry */
+		unixConn, ok := conn.(*net.UnixConn)
+		if !ok {
+			return journalError("can't send file through non-Unix connection")
+		}
+		unixConn.WriteMsgUnix([]byte{}, rights, nil)
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return journalError(err.Error())
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Print prints a message to the local systemd journal using Send().
+func Print(priority Priority, format string, a ...interface{}) error {
+	return Send(fmt.Sprintf(format, a...), priority, nil)
+}
+
+func appendVariable(w io.Writer, name, value string) {
+	if !validVarName(name) {
+		journalError("variable name contains invalid character, ignoring")
+	}
+	if strings.ContainsRune(value, '\n') {
+		/* When the value contains a newline, we write:
+		 * - the variable name, followed by a newline
+		 * - the size (in 64bit little endian format)
+		 * - the data, followed by a newline
+		 */
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, name)
+		binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(value)))
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, value)
+	} else {
+		/* just write the variable and value all on one line */
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s=%s\n", name, value)
+	}
+}
+
+func validVarName(name string) bool {
+	/* The variable name must be in uppercase and consist only of characters,
+	 * numbers and underscores, and may not begin with an underscore. (from the docs)
+	 */
+
+	valid := name[0] != '_'
+	for _, c := range name {
+		valid = valid && ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') || ('0' <= c && c <= '9') || c == '_'
+	}
+	return valid
+}
+
+func isSocketSpaceError(err error) bool {
+	opErr, ok := err.(*net.OpError)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	sysErr, ok := opErr.Err.(syscall.Errno)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return sysErr == syscall.EMSGSIZE || sysErr == syscall.ENOBUFS
+}
+
+func tempFd() (*os.File, error) {
+	file, err := ioutil.TempFile("/dev/shm/", "journal.XXXXX")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	syscall.Unlink(file.Name())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return file, nil
+}
+
+func journalError(s string) error {
+	s = "journal error: " + s
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, s)
+	return errors.New(s)
+}

vendor/github.com/coreos/go-systemd/sdjournal/functions.go

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// Copyright 2015 RedHat, Inc.
+// Copyright 2015 CoreOS, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package sdjournal
+
+import (
+	"github.com/coreos/pkg/dlopen"
+	"sync"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+var (
+	// lazy initialized
+	libsystemdHandle *dlopen.LibHandle
+
+	libsystemdMutex     = &sync.Mutex{}
+	libsystemdFunctions = map[string]unsafe.Pointer{}
+	libsystemdNames     = []string{
+		// systemd < 209
+		"libsystemd-journal.so.0",
+		"libsystemd-journal.so",
+
+		// systemd >= 209 merged libsystemd-journal into libsystemd proper
+		"libsystemd.so.0",
+		"libsystemd.so",
+	}
+)
+
+func getFunction(name string) (unsafe.Pointer, error) {
+	libsystemdMutex.Lock()
+	defer libsystemdMutex.Unlock()
+
+	if libsystemdHandle == nil {
+		h, err := dlopen.GetHandle(libsystemdNames)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		libsystemdHandle = h
+	}
+
+	f, ok := libsystemdFunctions[name]
+	if !ok {
+		var err error
+		f, err = libsystemdHandle.GetSymbolPointer(name)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		libsystemdFunctions[name] = f
+	}
+
+	return f, nil
+}

vendor/github.com/coreos/go-systemd/sdjournal/read.go

@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+// Copyright 2015 RedHat, Inc.
+// Copyright 2015 CoreOS, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package sdjournal
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrExpired = errors.New("Timeout expired")
+)
+
+// JournalReaderConfig represents options to drive the behavior of a JournalReader.
+type JournalReaderConfig struct {
+	// The Since, NumFromTail and Cursor options are mutually exclusive and
+	// determine where the reading begins within the journal. The order in which
+	// options are written is exactly the order of precedence.
+	Since       time.Duration // start relative to a Duration from now
+	NumFromTail uint64        // start relative to the tail
+	Cursor      string        // start relative to the cursor
+
+	// Show only journal entries whose fields match the supplied values. If
+	// the array is empty, entries will not be filtered.
+	Matches []Match
+
+	// If not empty, the journal instance will point to a journal residing
+	// in this directory. The supplied path may be relative or absolute.
+	Path string
+}
+
+// JournalReader is an io.ReadCloser which provides a simple interface for iterating through the
+// systemd journal. A JournalReader is not safe for concurrent use by multiple goroutines.
+type JournalReader struct {
+	journal   *Journal
+	msgReader *strings.Reader
+}
+
+// NewJournalReader creates a new JournalReader with configuration options that are similar to the
+// systemd journalctl tool's iteration and filtering features.
+func NewJournalReader(config JournalReaderConfig) (*JournalReader, error) {
+	r := &JournalReader{}
+
+	// Open the journal
+	var err error
+	if config.Path != "" {
+		r.journal, err = NewJournalFromDir(config.Path)
+	} else {
+		r.journal, err = NewJournal()
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Add any supplied matches
+	for _, m := range config.Matches {
+		r.journal.AddMatch(m.String())
+	}
+
+	// Set the start position based on options
+	if config.Since != 0 {
+		// Start based on a relative time
+		start := time.Now().Add(config.Since)
+		if err := r.journal.SeekRealtimeUsec(uint64(start.UnixNano() / 1000)); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	} else if config.NumFromTail != 0 {
+		// Start based on a number of lines before the tail
+		if err := r.journal.SeekTail(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		// Move the read pointer into position near the tail. Go one further than
+		// the option so that the initial cursor advancement positions us at the
+		// correct starting point.
+		skip, err := r.journal.PreviousSkip(config.NumFromTail + 1)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		// If we skipped fewer lines than expected, we have reached journal start.
+		// Thus, we seek to head so that next invocation can read the first line.
+		if skip != config.NumFromTail+1 {
+			if err := r.journal.SeekHead(); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+	} else if config.Cursor != "" {
+		// Start based on a custom cursor
+		if err := r.journal.SeekCursor(config.Cursor); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return r, nil
+}
+
+// Read reads entries from the journal. Read follows the Reader interface so
+// it must be able to read a specific amount of bytes. Journald on the other
+// hand only allows us to read full entries of arbitrary size (without byte
+// granularity). JournalReader is therefore internally buffering entries that
+// don't fit in the read buffer. Callers should keep calling until 0 and/or an
+// error is returned.
+func (r *JournalReader) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	var err error
+
+	if r.msgReader == nil {
+		var c uint64
+
+		// Advance the journal cursor. It has to be called at least one time
+		// before reading
+		c, err = r.journal.Next()
+
+		// An unexpected error
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+
+		// EOF detection
+		if c == 0 {
+			return 0, io.EOF
+		}
+
+		// Build a message
+		var msg string
+		msg, err = r.buildMessage()
+
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		r.msgReader = strings.NewReader(msg)
+	}
+
+	// Copy and return the message
+	var sz int
+	sz, err = r.msgReader.Read(b)
+	if err == io.EOF {
+		// The current entry has been fully read. Don't propagate this
+		// EOF, so the next entry can be read at the next Read()
+		// iteration.
+		r.msgReader = nil
+		return sz, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return sz, err
+	}
+	if r.msgReader.Len() == 0 {
+		r.msgReader = nil
+	}
+
+	return sz, nil
+}
+
+// Close closes the JournalReader's handle to the journal.
+func (r *JournalReader) Close() error {
+	return r.journal.Close()
+}
+
+// Rewind attempts to rewind the JournalReader to the first entry.
+func (r *JournalReader) Rewind() error {
+	r.msgReader = nil
+	return r.journal.SeekHead()
+}
+
+// Follow synchronously follows the JournalReader, writing each new journal entry to writer. The
+// follow will continue until a single time.Time is received on the until channel.
+func (r *JournalReader) Follow(until <-chan time.Time, writer io.Writer) (err error) {
+
+	// Process journal entries and events. Entries are flushed until the tail or
+	// timeout is reached, and then we wait for new events or the timeout.
+	var msg = make([]byte, 64*1<<(10))
+process:
+	for {
+		c, err := r.Read(msg)
+		if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
+			break process
+		}
+
+		select {
+		case <-until:
+			return ErrExpired
+		default:
+			if c > 0 {
+				if _, err = writer.Write(msg[:c]); err != nil {
+					break process
+				}
+				continue process
+			}
+		}
+
+		// We're at the tail, so wait for new events or time out.
+		// Holds journal events to process. Tightly bounded for now unless there's a
+		// reason to unblock the journal watch routine more quickly.
+		events := make(chan int, 1)
+		pollDone := make(chan bool, 1)
+		go func() {
+			for {
+				select {
+				case <-pollDone:
+					return
+				default:
+					events <- r.journal.Wait(time.Duration(1) * time.Second)
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+
+		select {
+		case <-until:
+			pollDone <- true
+			return ErrExpired
+		case e := <-events:
+			pollDone <- true
+			switch e {
+			case SD_JOURNAL_NOP, SD_JOURNAL_APPEND, SD_JOURNAL_INVALIDATE:
+				// TODO: need to account for any of these?
+			default:
+				log.Printf("Received unknown event: %d\n", e)
+			}
+			continue process
+		}
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+// buildMessage returns a string representing the current journal entry in a simple format which
+// includes the entry timestamp and MESSAGE field.
+func (r *JournalReader) buildMessage() (string, error) {
+	var msg string
+	var usec uint64
+	var err error
+
+	if msg, err = r.journal.GetData("MESSAGE"); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	if usec, err = r.journal.GetRealtimeUsec(); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	timestamp := time.Unix(0, int64(usec)*int64(time.Microsecond))
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s %s\n", timestamp, msg), nil
+}

vendor/github.com/coreos/pkg/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
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+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
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+      the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
+      comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
+      file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
+      same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
+      identification within third-party archives.
+
+   Copyright {yyyy} {name of copyright owner}
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+

vendor/github.com/coreos/pkg/NOTICE

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+CoreOS Project
+Copyright 2014 CoreOS, Inc
+
+This product includes software developed at CoreOS, Inc.
+(http://www.coreos.com/).

vendor/github.com/coreos/pkg/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+a collection of go utility packages
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/coreos/pkg.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/coreos/pkg)
+[![Godoc](http://img.shields.io/badge/godoc-reference-blue.svg?style=flat)](https://godoc.org/github.com/coreos/pkg)

vendor/github.com/coreos/pkg/dlopen/dlopen.go

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Copyright 2016 CoreOS, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package dlopen provides some convenience functions to dlopen a library and
+// get its symbols.
+package dlopen
+
+// #cgo LDFLAGS: -ldl
+// #include <stdlib.h>
+// #include <dlfcn.h>
+import "C"
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+var ErrSoNotFound = errors.New("unable to open a handle to the library")
+
+// LibHandle represents an open handle to a library (.so)
+type LibHandle struct {
+	Handle  unsafe.Pointer
+	Libname string
+}
+
+// GetHandle tries to get a handle to a library (.so), attempting to access it
+// by the names specified in libs and returning the first that is successfully
+// opened. Callers are responsible for closing the handler. If no library can
+// be successfully opened, an error is returned.
+func GetHandle(libs []string) (*LibHandle, error) {
+	for _, name := range libs {
+		libname := C.CString(name)
+		defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(libname))
+		handle := C.dlopen(libname, C.RTLD_LAZY)
+		if handle != nil {
+			h := &LibHandle{
+				Handle:  handle,
+				Libname: name,
+			}
+			return h, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, ErrSoNotFound
+}
+
+// GetSymbolPointer takes a symbol name and returns a pointer to the symbol.
+func (l *LibHandle) GetSymbolPointer(symbol string) (unsafe.Pointer, error) {
+	sym := C.CString(symbol)
+	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(sym))
+
+	C.dlerror()
+	p := C.dlsym(l.Handle, sym)
+	e := C.dlerror()
+	if e != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error resolving symbol %q: %v", symbol, errors.New(C.GoString(e)))
+	}
+
+	return p, nil
+}
+
+// Close closes a LibHandle.
+func (l *LibHandle) Close() error {
+	C.dlerror()
+	C.dlclose(l.Handle)
+	e := C.dlerror()
+	if e != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error closing %v: %v", l.Libname, errors.New(C.GoString(e)))
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

vendor/github.com/coreos/pkg/dlopen/dlopen_example.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Copyright 2015 CoreOS, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+// +build linux
+
+package dlopen
+
+// #include <string.h>
+// #include <stdlib.h>
+//
+// int
+// my_strlen(void *f, const char *s)
+// {
+//   size_t (*strlen)(const char *);
+//
+//   strlen = (size_t (*)(const char *))f;
+//   return strlen(s);
+// }
+import "C"
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+func strlen(libs []string, s string) (int, error) {
+	h, err := GetHandle(libs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return -1, fmt.Errorf(`couldn't get a handle to the library: %v`, err)
+	}
+	defer h.Close()
+
+	f := "strlen"
+	cs := C.CString(s)
+	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cs))
+
+	strlen, err := h.GetSymbolPointer(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return -1, fmt.Errorf(`couldn't get symbol %q: %v`, f, err)
+	}
+
+	len := C.my_strlen(strlen, cs)
+
+	return int(len), nil
+}