diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index df66aa5738..0f61e68fa7 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/mitchellh/colorstring v0.0.0-20190213212951-d06e56a500db
 	github.com/ncw/swift/v2 v2.0.5
 	github.com/oklog/ulid/v2 v2.1.1
-	github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go v0.27.0
+	github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go v0.28.0
 	github.com/pressly/goose/v3 v3.26.0
 	github.com/prometheus/alertmanager v0.31.1
 	github.com/prometheus/common/sigv4 v0.1.0
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 9a46e17b45..47c2628ce3 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -965,8 +965,8 @@ github.com/parquet-go/bitpack v1.0.0 h1:AUqzlKzPPXf2bCdjfj4sTeacrUwsT7NlcYDMUQxP
 github.com/parquet-go/bitpack v1.0.0/go.mod h1:XnVk9TH+O40eOOmvpAVZ7K2ocQFrQwysLMnc6M/8lgs=
 github.com/parquet-go/jsonlite v1.0.0 h1:87QNdi56wOfsE5bdgas0vRzHPxfJgzrXGml1zZdd7VU=
 github.com/parquet-go/jsonlite v1.0.0/go.mod h1:nDjpkpL4EOtqs6NQugUsi0Rleq9sW/OtC1NnZEnxzF0=
-github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go v0.27.0 h1:vHWK2xaHbj+v1DYps03yDRpEsdtOeKbhiXUaixoPb3g=
-github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go v0.27.0/go.mod h1:navtkAYr2LGoJVp141oXPlO/sxLvaOe3la2JEoD8+rg=
+github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go v0.28.0 h1:ECyksyv8T2pOrlLsN7aWJIoQakyk/HtxQ2lchgS4els=
+github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go v0.28.0/go.mod h1:navtkAYr2LGoJVp141oXPlO/sxLvaOe3la2JEoD8+rg=
 github.com/pascaldekloe/goe v0.1.0 h1:cBOtyMzM9HTpWjXfbbunk26uA6nG3a8n06Wieeh0MwY=
 github.com/pascaldekloe/goe v0.1.0/go.mod h1:lzWF7FIEvWOWxwDKqyGYQf6ZUaNfKdP144TG7ZOy1lc=
 github.com/pb33f/jsonpath v0.7.1 h1:dEp6oIZuJbpDSyuHAl9m7GonoDW4M20BcD5vT0tPYRE=
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/.CLAUDE.md b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/.CLAUDE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..37709f4df8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/.CLAUDE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+# parquet-go Project Context
+
+## Overview
+High-performance Go library for reading and writing Apache Parquet files. Originally developed by Twilio Segment, now community-maintained at github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go.
+
+- **Go Version**: 1.22+
+- **Current Version**: v0.26.0+ (pre-v1, breaking changes possible)
+- **Codebase Size**: ~71,700 lines across 210 Go files
+
+## Project Structure
+
+```
+parquet-go/
+├── Root Package          # Core API: Reader/Writer/File/Schema
+├── encoding/             # 7 encoding formats (plain, rle, delta, etc.)
+├── compress/             # 6 compression codecs (snappy, gzip, zstd, etc.)
+├── bloom/                # Split-block Bloom filter (SIMD-optimized)
+├── sparse/               # Sparse array utilities with gather ops
+├── hashprobe/            # Hash-based dictionary operations
+├── format/               # Generated Thrift definitions (parquet spec)
+└── internal/             # Memory mgmt, byte algorithms, unsafe casts
+```
+
+## Key Files by Function
+
+| Purpose | Files |
+|---------|-------|
+| Core Types | `parquet.go`, `file.go`, `schema.go`, `node.go`, `type.go` |
+| Reading | `reader.go`, `column.go`, `page.go` |
+| Writing | `writer.go`, `column_buffer.go`, `buffer.go` |
+| Logical Types | `type_boolean.go` through `type_variant.go` (40+ files) |
+| Column Buffers | `column_buffer_*.go` (20+ files for each physical type) |
+| Page Impl | `page_*.go` (15+ files) |
+| Operations | `convert.go`, `merge.go`, `sorting.go` |
+| Configuration | `config.go` (900+ lines) |
+
+## Core Types & Interfaces
+
+### Schema System
+- `Schema` - Immutable, thread-safe parquet schema
+- `Node` - Interface for schema nodes
+- `Field` - Named schema node interface
+- `Column` - Concrete column representation
+- `Type` - Logical type interface
+- `Kind` - Physical type enum (Boolean, Int32, Int64, Float, Double, ByteArray, FixedLenByteArray)
+
+### Reader/Writer System
+- `GenericReader[T]` - Type-safe reader (preferred)
+- `GenericWriter[T]` - Type-safe writer (preferred)
+- `SortingWriter[T]` - Writer with integrated sorting
+- `GenericBuffer[T]` - In-memory row group buffer (implements sort.Interface)
+
+### Row Group Abstractions
+- `RowGroup` - Interface for row group collections
+- `ColumnChunk` - Interface for column data
+- `Page` - Interface for page data with stats
+- `Pages` - Sequential page reader
+
+## Common Patterns
+
+### Writing Data
+```go
+// One-shot
+parquet.WriteFile[T](path, rows, options...)
+
+// Streaming
+writer := parquet.NewGenericWriter[T](w, options...)
+writer.Write(rows)
+writer.Close()
+
+// With sorting
+sortWriter := parquet.NewSortingWriter[T](w, rowCount, options...)
+```
+
+### Reading Data
+```go
+// One-shot
+rows, _ := parquet.ReadFile[T](path)
+
+// Streaming
+reader := parquet.NewGenericReader[T](r, options...)
+n, _ := reader.Read(rows)
+
+// Low-level
+file, _ := parquet.OpenFile(r, size)
+for _, rg := range file.RowGroups() { ... }
+```
+
+## Build Commands
+
+```bash
+make test     # Run tests with -race and coverage
+make format   # Go fmt + modernize tool
+make tools    # Install development tools
+```
+
+## Testing Patterns
+
+- Unit tests: `*_test.go` throughout (100+ files)
+- Examples: `example_test.go`
+- Property tests: `internal/quick` package
+- Key test files:
+  - `parquet_test.go` - Core functionality
+  - `writer_test.go` - Writer specifics (91KB)
+  - `reader_test.go` - Reader specifics
+  - `merge_test.go` - Merge operations
+  - `convert_test.go` - Schema conversion
+
+## Debugging
+
+Set environment variable:
+```bash
+PARQUETGODEBUG=1
+```
+
+## Important Implementation Details
+
+### Performance Optimizations
+- SIMD assembly for AMD64 (dictionary ops, page bounds, ordering)
+- Zero-copy via interface-based design
+- Memory pooling with `BufferPool`
+- Async reading with `ReadModeAsync`
+
+### Schema Tags
+Struct field tags control parquet behavior:
+```go
+type Record struct {
+    ID   int64  `parquet:"id"`
+    Name string `parquet:"name,optional"`
+    Data []byte `parquet:"data,snappy"`
+}
+```
+
+### Encoding Options
+- plain, rle, delta (binary-packed, length byte array, byte array)
+- bytestreamsplit (float optimization)
+- dictionary encoding
+
+### Compression Codecs
+snappy, gzip, brotli, zstd, lz4, uncompressed
+
+## Recent Development Focus
+- Bug fixes: panic in Group.GoType(), json.RawMessage handling, repetition levels
+- New features: Geometry/Geography types, VARIANT logical type
+- Performance: GenericWriter optimizations
+- Stability: SortingWriter improvements
+
+## Common Bug Areas
+- Schema conversion edge cases (`convert.go`)
+- Nested structure handling (repetition/definition levels)
+- Memory management in streaming writes
+- Page statistics and index handling
+- Dictionary encoding with nulls
+- Interface type handling in dynamic value mapping (`value.go`, `row.go`)
+
+## Dependencies (Runtime)
+- Compression: brotli, gzip, lz4, zstd libraries
+- Encoding: bitpack, jsonlite
+- Types: google/uuid, go-geom (geometry)
+- Serialization: protobuf
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/column.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/column.go
index fb819cebc3..0566c8589a 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/column.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/column.go
@@ -238,12 +238,15 @@ func (c *Column) setLevels(depth, repetition, definition, index int) (int, error
 		return -1, fmt.Errorf("cannot represent parquet columns with more than %d definition levels: %s", MaxDefinitionLevel, c.path)
 	}
 
-	switch schemaRepetitionTypeOf(c.schema) {
-	case format.Optional:
-		definition++
-	case format.Repeated:
-		repetition++
-		definition++
+	// Only non-root columns have a well defined repetition_type
+	if depth > 0 {
+		switch schemaRepetitionTypeOf(c.schema) {
+		case format.Optional:
+			definition++
+		case format.Repeated:
+			repetition++
+			definition++
+		}
 	}
 
 	c.depth = int8(depth)
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/column_buffer_reflect.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/column_buffer_reflect.go
index cfc630fd23..1564605736 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/column_buffer_reflect.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/column_buffer_reflect.go
@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 package parquet
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"cmp"
+	"encoding/binary"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"maps"
+	"math"
+	"math/big"
 	"math/bits"
 	"reflect"
 	"sort"
@@ -37,11 +41,10 @@ import (
 // - nil *structpb.Struct, *structpb.ListValue, *structpb.Value
 // - Zero values for value types
 func isNullValue(value reflect.Value) bool {
-	if !value.IsValid() {
-		return true
-	}
-
 	switch value.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Invalid:
+		return true
+
 	case reflect.Pointer, reflect.Interface:
 		if value.IsNil() {
 			return true
@@ -705,12 +708,11 @@ func writeValueFuncOfLeaf(columnIndex int16, node Node) (int16, writeValueFunc)
 	return columnIndex + 1, func(columns []ColumnBuffer, levels columnLevels, value reflect.Value) {
 		col := columns[columnIndex]
 	writeValue:
-		if !value.IsValid() {
+		switch value.Kind() {
+		case reflect.Invalid:
 			col.writeNull(levels)
 			return
-		}
 
-		switch value.Kind() {
 		case reflect.Pointer, reflect.Interface:
 			if value.IsNil() {
 				col.writeNull(levels)
@@ -755,6 +757,8 @@ func writeValueFuncOfLeaf(columnIndex int16, node Node) (int16, writeValueFunc)
 				writeProtoAny(col, levels, msg, node)
 			case geom.T:
 				writeGeometry(col, levels, msg, node)
+			case *big.Float:
+				writeBigFloat(col, levels, msg, node)
 			default:
 				value = value.Elem()
 				goto writeValue
@@ -790,10 +794,23 @@ func writeValueFuncOfLeaf(columnIndex int16, node Node) (int16, writeValueFunc)
 			return
 
 		case reflect.Float32:
+			typ := node.Type()
+			logicalType := typ.LogicalType()
+			if logicalType != nil && logicalType.Decimal != nil {
+				decimalValue(col, levels, typ, value, logicalType.Decimal.Scale)
+				return
+			}
 			col.writeFloat(levels, float32(value.Float()))
 			return
 
 		case reflect.Float64:
+			typ := node.Type()
+			logicalType := typ.LogicalType()
+			if logicalType != nil && logicalType.Decimal != nil {
+				decimalValue(col, levels, typ, value, logicalType.Decimal.Scale)
+				return
+			}
+
 			col.writeDouble(levels, value.Float())
 			return
 
@@ -907,3 +924,108 @@ func writeUUID(col ColumnBuffer, levels columnLevels, str string, typ Type) {
 	col.writeByteArray(levels, buf.Slice())
 	buf.Reset()
 }
+
+func decimalValue(col ColumnBuffer, levels columnLevels, typ Type, value reflect.Value, scale int32) {
+	val := int64(math.Round(value.Float() * math.Pow10(int(scale))))
+	switch typ.Kind() {
+	case Int32:
+		col.writeInt32(levels, int32(val))
+	case Int64:
+		col.writeInt64(levels, val)
+	case ByteArray:
+		col.writeByteArray(levels, numberToByteArray(val))
+	}
+}
+
+func numberToByteArray(data any) []byte {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, data)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+func writeBigFloat(col ColumnBuffer, levels columnLevels, f *big.Float, node Node) {
+	typ := node.Type()
+	logicalType := typ.LogicalType()
+	if logicalType == nil || logicalType.Decimal == nil {
+		panic("writeBigFloat requires a decimal logical type")
+	}
+
+	scale := int(logicalType.Decimal.Scale)
+	// Compute minimum precision needed: decimal precision * log2(10) ≈ precision * 3.32
+	// We use precision * 4 + 64 for safety margin
+	minPrec := uint(logicalType.Decimal.Precision)*4 + 64
+	prec := max(f.Prec(), minPrec)
+	scaleFactor := new(big.Float).SetPrec(prec)
+	scaleFactor.SetInt(new(big.Int).Exp(big.NewInt(10), big.NewInt(int64(scale)), nil))
+	scaled := new(big.Float).SetPrec(prec).Mul(f, scaleFactor)
+	// Round to nearest integer (add 0.5 and truncate for positive, subtract 0.5 for negative)
+	half := new(big.Float).SetPrec(prec).SetFloat64(0.5)
+	if scaled.Sign() >= 0 {
+		scaled.Add(scaled, half)
+	} else {
+		scaled.Sub(scaled, half)
+	}
+	unscaled, _ := scaled.Int(nil)
+
+	b := bigIntToByteArray(unscaled)
+	if typ.Kind() == FixedLenByteArray {
+		b = padToFixedLen(b, typ.Length(), unscaled.Sign() < 0)
+	}
+	col.writeByteArray(levels, b)
+}
+
+func bigIntToByteArray(i *big.Int) []byte {
+	if i.Sign() >= 0 {
+		b := i.Bytes()
+		// Add leading zero byte if high bit is set to avoid being interpreted as negative
+		if len(b) > 0 && b[0]&0x80 != 0 {
+			b = append([]byte{0}, b...)
+		}
+		return b
+	}
+	// Negative: convert to two's complement
+	// Get the absolute value bytes
+	abs := new(big.Int).Abs(i)
+	b := abs.Bytes()
+	// Add a leading zero byte to ensure we have room for sign
+	if len(b) == 0 || b[0]&0x80 != 0 {
+		b = append([]byte{0}, b...)
+	}
+	// Invert all bits
+	for j := range b {
+		b[j] = ^b[j]
+	}
+	// Add 1
+	carry := byte(1)
+	for j := len(b) - 1; j >= 0 && carry > 0; j-- {
+		sum := b[j] + carry
+		b[j] = sum
+		if sum != 0 {
+			carry = 0
+		}
+	}
+	return b
+}
+
+func padToFixedLen(b []byte, length int, negative bool) []byte {
+	if len(b) == length {
+		return b
+	}
+	if len(b) > length {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("decimal value requires %d bytes but fixed length is %d", len(b), length))
+	}
+	padByte := byte(0x00)
+	if negative {
+		padByte = 0xFF
+	}
+	result := make([]byte, length)
+	padding := length - len(b)
+	for i := range padding {
+		result[i] = padByte
+	}
+	copy(result[padding:], b)
+	return result
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/column_buffer_write.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/column_buffer_write.go
index 34ad076931..cc46e5f22c 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/column_buffer_write.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/column_buffer_write.go
@@ -307,8 +307,26 @@ func writeRowsFuncOfPointer(t reflect.Type, schema *Schema, path columnPath, tag
 func writeRowsFuncOfSlice(t reflect.Type, schema *Schema, path columnPath, tagReplacements []StructTagOption) writeRowsFunc {
 	elemType := t.Elem()
 	elemSize := uintptr(elemType.Size())
+
+	// If the current node is a LIST, we need to drill down to the element
+	// to find the schema node for the slice elements.
+	if node := findByPath(schema, path); node != nil && isList(node) {
+		path = path.append("list", "element")
+	}
+
 	writeRows := writeRowsFuncOf(elemType, schema, path, tagReplacements)
 
+	// Check if the element schema node is optional.
+	// This handles the case of `parquet-element:",optional"` tag where
+	// the list elements themselves are optional (non-pointer basic types).
+	// For pointer types (like []*string), the pointer handling already
+	// takes care of optionality via writeRowsFuncOfPointer.
+	if elemType.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
+		if node := findByPath(schema, path); node != nil && node.Optional() {
+			writeRows = writeRowsFuncOfOptional(elemType, schema, path, writeRows)
+		}
+	}
+
 	return func(columns []ColumnBuffer, levels columnLevels, rows sparse.Array) {
 		type sliceHeader struct {
 			base unsafe.Pointer
@@ -638,14 +656,18 @@ func writeRowsFuncOfMap(t reflect.Type, schema *Schema, path columnPath, tagRepl
 }
 
 func writeRowsFuncOfJSON(t reflect.Type, schema *Schema, path columnPath) writeRowsFunc {
-	// If this is a string or a byte array write directly.
-	switch t.Kind() {
-	case reflect.String:
-		return writeRowsFuncOfRequired(t, schema, path)
-	case reflect.Slice:
-		if t.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8 {
-			return writeRowsFuncOfRequired(t, schema, path)
+	// If this is a string or a byte array, write directly.
+	if t.Kind() == reflect.String || (t.Kind() == reflect.Slice && t.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8) {
+		column, _ := schema.Lookup(path...)
+		isOptional := column.Node.Optional()
+
+		// This fast-path avoids the optional checks, so check here and wrap the writer
+		// if required.
+		writer := writeRowsFuncOfRequired(t, schema, path)
+		if isOptional {
+			writer = writeRowsFuncOfOptional(t, schema, path, writer)
 		}
+		return writer
 	}
 
 	columnIndex := findColumnIndex(schema, schema, path)
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/convert.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/convert.go
index 8cbab51d25..2b58865d46 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/convert.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/convert.go
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ func (c *conversion) Convert(rows []Row) (int, error) {
 				// Fix: If we have a zero Value{}, convert it to a properly typed value
 				// For optional fields, keep as null (kind = 0)
 				// For required fields, convert to typed zero value
-				if columnValues[i].Kind() == Kind(0) && !conv.isOptional {
+				if columnValues[i].IsNull() && !conv.isOptional {
 					columnValues[i] = ZeroValue(conv.targetKind)
 				}
 
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/encoding/thrift/binary.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/encoding/thrift/binary.go
index 82d7fe610f..7c01ccbdae 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/encoding/thrift/binary.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/encoding/thrift/binary.go
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ func (r *binaryReader) Reader() io.Reader {
 
 func (r *binaryReader) ReadBool() (bool, error) {
 	v, err := r.ReadByte()
-	return v != 0, err
+	// Thrift protocol treats both 0 and 2 as false.
+	return v != 0 && v != 2, err
 }
 
 func (r *binaryReader) ReadInt8() (int8, error) {
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/format/parquet.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/format/parquet.go
index 90c135eca6..256a803e61 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/format/parquet.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/format/parquet.go
@@ -1038,6 +1038,17 @@ type RowGroup struct {
 	Ordinal int16 `thrift:"7,optional,writezero"`
 }
 
+func (r *RowGroup) Reset() {
+	r.FileOffset = 0
+	r.NumRows = 0
+	r.TotalByteSize = 0
+	r.SortingColumns = r.SortingColumns[:0]
+	r.Columns = r.Columns[:0]
+	r.Ordinal = 0
+	r.TotalByteSize = 0
+	r.TotalCompressedSize = 0
+}
+
 // Empty struct to signal the order defined by the physical or logical type.
 type TypeDefinedOrder struct{}
 
@@ -1125,6 +1136,16 @@ type OffsetIndex struct {
 	UnencodedByteArrayDataBytes []int64 `thrift:"2,optional"`
 }
 
+func (o *OffsetIndex) Reset() {
+	for k := range o.PageLocations {
+		o.PageLocations[k].Offset = 0
+		o.PageLocations[k].CompressedPageSize = 0
+		o.PageLocations[k].FirstRowIndex = 0
+	}
+	o.PageLocations = o.PageLocations[:0]
+	o.UnencodedByteArrayDataBytes = o.UnencodedByteArrayDataBytes[:0]
+}
+
 // Description for ColumnIndex.
 // Each <array-field>[i] refers to the page at OffsetIndex.PageLocations[i]
 type ColumnIndex struct {
@@ -1174,6 +1195,22 @@ type ColumnIndex struct {
 	DefinitionLevelHistogram []int64 `thrift:"7,optional"`
 }
 
+func (c *ColumnIndex) Reset() {
+	c.DefinitionLevelHistogram = c.DefinitionLevelHistogram[:0]
+	c.RepetitionLevelHistogram = c.RepetitionLevelHistogram[:0]
+	c.NullCounts = c.NullCounts[:0]
+	c.NullPages = c.NullPages[:0]
+	c.BoundaryOrder = 0
+	for k := range c.MaxValues {
+		c.MaxValues[k] = c.MaxValues[k][:0]
+	}
+	c.MaxValues = c.MaxValues[:0]
+	for k := range c.MinValues {
+		c.MinValues[k] = c.MinValues[k][:0]
+	}
+	c.MinValues = c.MinValues[:0]
+}
+
 type AesGcmV1 struct {
 	// AAD prefix.
 	AadPrefix []byte `thrift:"1,optional"`
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/merge.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/merge.go
index fc7b7cd20f..8650b66a9a 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/merge.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/merge.go
@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ func mergeTwoNodes(a, b Node) Node {
 		if !isPlainEncoding(encoding2) {
 			encoding = encoding2
 		}
-		if encoding != nil {
+		if encoding != nil && canEncode(encoding, merged.Type().Kind()) {
 			merged = Encoded(merged, encoding)
 		}
 	} else {
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/node.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/node.go
index d2460c9d56..6429bb803f 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/node.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/node.go
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 package parquet
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
 	"slices"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"unicode"
 	"unicode/utf8"
@@ -381,18 +383,70 @@ func goTypeOfLeaf(node Node) reflect.Type {
 func goTypeOfGroup(node Node) reflect.Type {
 	fields := node.Fields()
 	structFields := make([]reflect.StructField, len(fields))
+	names := make(map[string]struct{}, len(fields))
 	for i, field := range fields {
-		structFields[i].Name = exportedStructFieldName(field.Name())
+		if strings.IndexByte(field.Name(), ',') != -1 {
+			// Ruh-roh! We cannot create a valid Go identifier, but neither can we
+			// create a valid Go struct tag for mapping a synthetic field name.
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("schema node contains an invalid name %q: fields must not have commas in their name", field.Name()))
+		}
+		name := exportedStructFieldName(field.Name())
+		for {
+			if _, alreadyUsed := names[name]; !alreadyUsed {
+				break
+			}
+			name += "_" // add suffix to fix collision
+		}
+		names[name] = struct{}{}
+		structFields[i].Name = name
 		structFields[i].Type = field.GoType()
-		// TODO: can we reconstruct a struct tag that would be valid if a value
-		// of this type were passed to SchemaOf?
+		structFields[i].Tag = reflect.StructTag(`parquet:` + strconv.Quote(field.Name()))
 	}
 	return reflect.StructOf(structFields)
 }
 
 func exportedStructFieldName(name string) string {
 	firstRune, size := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(name)
-	return string([]rune{unicode.ToUpper(firstRune)}) + name[size:]
+	if unicode.IsUpper(firstRune) {
+		return sanitize(name)
+	}
+	upperFirstRune := unicode.ToUpper(firstRune)
+	if upperFirstRune == firstRune {
+		// First character was not a letter, so just trying to upper-case the first
+		// character won't export the field. We need to add an upper-case prefix instead.
+		return "X" + sanitize(name)
+	}
+	return string([]rune{upperFirstRune}) + sanitize(name[size:])
+}
+
+// sanitize replaces any character that are invalid in a Go identifier with "_".
+func sanitize(name string) string {
+	if isSanitized(name) {
+		// Fast path: name is fine, no need to allocate or compute anything.
+		return name
+	}
+	var newName strings.Builder
+	for _, r := range name {
+		if isValidInGoIdent(r) {
+			newName.WriteRune(r)
+		} else {
+			newName.WriteByte('_')
+		}
+	}
+	return newName.String()
+}
+
+func isSanitized(name string) bool {
+	for _, r := range name {
+		if !isValidInGoIdent(r) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func isValidInGoIdent(r rune) bool {
+	return r == '_' || unicode.IsLetter(r) || unicode.IsDigit(r)
 }
 
 func isList(node Node) bool {
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/page_byte_array.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/page_byte_array.go
index dbe5407326..08d69b9160 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/page_byte_array.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/page_byte_array.go
@@ -18,10 +18,16 @@ type byteArrayPage struct {
 
 func newByteArrayPage(typ Type, columnIndex int16, numValues int32, values encoding.Values) *byteArrayPage {
 	data, offsets := values.ByteArray()
+	if len(offsets) != int(numValues)+1 {
+		println("parquet: warning: column", columnIndex, "byte array page has", len(offsets), "offsets but numValues is", numValues, "(expected", numValues+1, "offsets)")
+	}
+	if int(numValues)+1 <= len(offsets) {
+		offsets = offsets[:numValues+1]
+	}
 	return &byteArrayPage{
 		typ:         typ,
 		values:      memory.SliceBufferFrom(data),
-		offsets:     memory.SliceBufferFrom(offsets[:numValues+1]),
+		offsets:     memory.SliceBufferFrom(offsets),
 		columnIndex: ^columnIndex,
 	}
 }
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/page_double.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/page_double.go
index 92f6343843..c93903a969 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/page_double.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/page_double.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package parquet
 
 import (
 	"io"
+	"math"
 
 	"github.com/parquet-go/bitpack/unsafecast"
 	"github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/encoding"
@@ -50,11 +51,39 @@ func (page *doublePage) max() float64 { return maxFloat64(page.values.Slice()) }
 
 func (page *doublePage) bounds() (min, max float64) { return boundsFloat64(page.values.Slice()) }
 
+// Bounds returns the min and max values in the page. NaN values are excluded
+// from the result when non-NaN values exist so that query engines can rely on
+// min/max for predicate pushdown and row-group/page skipping. This matches the
+// behavior of Apache parquet-mr (PARQUET-1246), Apache Arrow, and the Apache
+// Iceberg spec (which states lower/upper bounds apply to non-null, non-NaN
+// values only). If all values are NaN, the bounds are reported as NaN so that
+// readers know the page had data.
 func (page *doublePage) Bounds() (min, max Value, ok bool) {
 	if ok = page.values.Len() > 0; ok {
-		minFloat, maxFloat := page.bounds()
-		min = page.makeValue(minFloat)
-		max = page.makeValue(maxFloat)
+		data := page.values.Slice()
+		i := 0
+		for i < len(data) && math.IsNaN(data[i]) {
+			i++
+		}
+		if i >= len(data) {
+			min = page.makeValue(data[0])
+			max = page.makeValue(data[0])
+			return min, max, ok
+		}
+		lo, hi := data[i], data[i]
+		for _, v := range data[i+1:] {
+			if math.IsNaN(v) {
+				continue
+			}
+			if v < lo {
+				lo = v
+			}
+			if v > hi {
+				hi = v
+			}
+		}
+		min = page.makeValue(lo)
+		max = page.makeValue(hi)
 	}
 	return min, max, ok
 }
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/page_float.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/page_float.go
index 3c6c092dd8..d4002000ca 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/page_float.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/page_float.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package parquet
 
 import (
 	"io"
+	"math"
 
 	"github.com/parquet-go/bitpack/unsafecast"
 	"github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/encoding"
@@ -50,11 +51,40 @@ func (page *floatPage) max() float32 { return maxFloat32(page.values.Slice()) }
 
 func (page *floatPage) bounds() (min, max float32) { return boundsFloat32(page.values.Slice()) }
 
+// Bounds returns the min and max values in the page. NaN values are excluded
+// from the result when non-NaN values exist so that query engines can rely on
+// min/max for predicate pushdown and row-group/page skipping. This matches the
+// behavior of Apache parquet-mr (PARQUET-1246), Apache Arrow, and the Apache
+// Iceberg spec (which states lower/upper bounds apply to non-null, non-NaN
+// values only). If all values are NaN, the bounds are reported as NaN so that
+// readers know the page had data.
 func (page *floatPage) Bounds() (min, max Value, ok bool) {
 	if ok = page.values.Len() > 0; ok {
-		minFloat32, maxFloat32 := page.bounds()
-		min = page.makeValue(minFloat32)
-		max = page.makeValue(maxFloat32)
+		data := page.values.Slice()
+		i := 0
+		for i < len(data) && math.IsNaN(float64(data[i])) {
+			i++
+		}
+		if i >= len(data) {
+			// All values are NaN.
+			min = page.makeValue(data[0])
+			max = page.makeValue(data[0])
+			return min, max, ok
+		}
+		lo, hi := data[i], data[i]
+		for _, v := range data[i+1:] {
+			if math.IsNaN(float64(v)) {
+				continue
+			}
+			if v < lo {
+				lo = v
+			}
+			if v > hi {
+				hi = v
+			}
+		}
+		min = page.makeValue(lo)
+		max = page.makeValue(hi)
 	}
 	return min, max, ok
 }
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/page_optional.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/page_optional.go
index 9c51d1978c..0a2f11a7d5 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/page_optional.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/page_optional.go
@@ -92,7 +92,12 @@ func (r *optionalPageValues) ReadValues(values []Value) (n int, err error) {
 		}
 
 		if n < i {
-			for j, err = r.values.ReadValues(values[n:i]); j > 0; j-- {
+			j, err := r.values.ReadValues(values[n:i])
+			if j == 0 && err == io.EOF {
+				// Underlying page exhausted before definitionLevels - corrupted file
+				return n, io.EOF
+			}
+			for ; j > 0; j-- {
 				values[n].definitionLevel = maxDefinitionLevel
 				r.offset++
 				n++
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/page_repeated.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/page_repeated.go
index 2d850a66e2..0cd2856a14 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/page_repeated.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/page_repeated.go
@@ -152,7 +152,12 @@ func (r *repeatedPageValues) ReadValues(values []Value) (n int, err error) {
 
 		// Copy all the non-zero values in this run.
 		if n < i {
-			for j, err = r.values.ReadValues(values[n:i]); j > 0; j-- {
+			j, err := r.values.ReadValues(values[n:i])
+			if j == 0 && err == io.EOF {
+				// Underlying page exhausted before definitionLevels - corrupted file
+				return n, io.EOF
+			}
+			for ; j > 0; j-- {
 				values[n].repetitionLevel = repetitionLevels[r.offset]
 				values[n].definitionLevel = maxDefinitionLevel
 				r.offset++
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/row.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/row.go
index a662d1fb12..180a704f57 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/row.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/row.go
@@ -705,7 +705,99 @@ func reconstructFuncOfRequired(columnIndex int16, node Node) (int16, reconstruct
 }
 
 func reconstructFuncOfList(columnIndex int16, node Node) (int16, reconstructFunc) {
-	return reconstructFuncOf(columnIndex, Repeated(listElementOf(node)))
+	elem := listElementOf(node)
+	// If the list element is optional (e.g., from `parquet-element:",optional"`),
+	// we need to handle it specially because the normal path through
+	// reconstructFuncOfRepeated would wrap the node with Required() which
+	// hides the Optional property.
+	if elem.Optional() {
+		return reconstructFuncOfRepeatedOptional(columnIndex, elem)
+	}
+	return reconstructFuncOf(columnIndex, Repeated(elem))
+}
+
+// reconstructFuncOfRepeatedOptional handles the case where list elements are optional.
+// This is needed because reconstructFuncOfRepeated uses Required() which hides
+// the Optional property of the inner node.
+//
+//go:noinline
+func reconstructFuncOfRepeatedOptional(columnIndex int16, node Node) (int16, reconstructFunc) {
+	// node is Optional(X), get the inner reconstruction for the required version
+	nextColumnIndex, reconstruct := reconstructFuncOf(columnIndex, Required(node))
+
+	return nextColumnIndex, func(value reflect.Value, levels columnLevels, columns [][]Value) error {
+		// Increment both for the repeated and optional levels
+		levels.repetitionDepth++
+		levels.definitionLevel += 2 // +1 for repeated, +1 for optional
+
+		// Handle empty groups (no columns)
+		if len(columns) == 0 || len(columns[0]) == 0 {
+			setMakeSlice(value, 0)
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		// Check if the list itself is null (definition level less than the repeated level)
+		// We need to check against (levels.definitionLevel - 1) because that's the repeated level
+		if columns[0][0].definitionLevel < levels.definitionLevel-1 {
+			setMakeSlice(value, 0)
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		values := make([][]Value, len(columns))
+		column := columns[0]
+		n := 0
+
+		for i, column := range columns {
+			values[i] = column[0:0:len(column)]
+		}
+
+		for i := 0; i < len(column); {
+			i++
+			n++
+
+			for i < len(column) && column[i].repetitionLevel > levels.repetitionDepth {
+				i++
+			}
+		}
+
+		value = setMakeSlice(value, n)
+
+		for i := range n {
+			for j, column := range values {
+				column = column[:cap(column)]
+				if len(column) == 0 {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				k := 1
+				for k < len(column) && column[k].repetitionLevel > levels.repetitionDepth {
+					k++
+				}
+
+				values[j] = column[:k]
+			}
+
+			// Check if this element is null (definition level indicates null)
+			// An element is null if its definition level is less than the max (which includes optional)
+			elemValue := value.Index(i)
+			if len(values) > 0 && len(values[0]) > 0 && values[0][0].definitionLevel < levels.definitionLevel {
+				// Element is null, leave as zero value
+				elemValue.SetZero()
+			} else {
+				if err := reconstruct(elemValue, levels, values); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+
+			for j, column := range values {
+				values[j] = column[len(column):len(column):cap(column)]
+			}
+
+			levels.repetitionLevel = levels.repetitionDepth
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	}
 }
 
 //go:noinline
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/row_buffer.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/row_buffer.go
index 9f98e4d057..1ce453f3c3 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/row_buffer.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/row_buffer.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package parquet
 
 import (
 	"io"
+	"math"
 	"sort"
 
 	"github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/deprecated"
@@ -225,21 +226,48 @@ func (p *rowBufferPage) NumNulls() int64 {
 }
 
 func (p *rowBufferPage) Bounds() (min, max Value, ok bool) {
+	var nanValue Value
+	hasNaN := false
+
 	p.scan(func(value Value) {
-		if !value.IsNull() {
-			switch {
-			case !ok:
-				min, max, ok = value, value, true
-			case p.typ.Compare(value, min) < 0:
-				min = value
-			case p.typ.Compare(value, max) > 0:
-				max = value
-			}
+		if value.IsNull() {
+			return
+		}
+		// NaN is excluded from min/max so that query engines can rely on
+		// statistics for predicate pushdown. See floatPage.Bounds for the
+		// full rationale.
+		if isNaN(value) {
+			nanValue = value
+			hasNaN = true
+			return
+		}
+		switch {
+		case !ok:
+			min, max, ok = value, value, true
+		case p.typ.Compare(value, min) < 0:
+			min = value
+		case p.typ.Compare(value, max) > 0:
+			max = value
 		}
 	})
+
+	if !ok && hasNaN {
+		min, max, ok = nanValue, nanValue, true
+	}
 	return min, max, ok
 }
 
+func isNaN(v Value) bool {
+	switch v.Kind() {
+	case Float:
+		return math.IsNaN(float64(v.Float()))
+	case Double:
+		return math.IsNaN(v.Double())
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
 func (p *rowBufferPage) Size() int64 { return 0 }
 
 func (p *rowBufferPage) Values() ValueReader {
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/schema.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/schema.go
index 248de8ad58..7f86acc1f2 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/schema.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/schema.go
@@ -1152,6 +1152,21 @@ func makeNodeOf(path []string, t reflect.Type, name string, tags parquetTags, ta
 							throwInvalidTag(t, name, option+args)
 						}
 						setNode(TimeAdjusted(timeUnit, adjusted))
+					case reflect.Ptr:
+						// Support *time.Duration with time tag
+						if t.Elem() == reflect.TypeFor[time.Duration]() {
+							timeUnit, adjusted, err := parseTimestampArgs(args)
+							if err != nil {
+								throwInvalidTag(t, name, option+args)
+							}
+							if args == "()" {
+								timeUnit = Nanosecond
+								adjusted = true
+							}
+							setNode(Optional(TimeAdjusted(timeUnit, adjusted)))
+						} else {
+							throwInvalidTag(t, name, option)
+						}
 					default:
 						throwInvalidTag(t, name, option)
 					}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/sorting.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/sorting.go
index e4087b6d31..cdb5974cc9 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/sorting.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/sorting.go
@@ -73,18 +73,11 @@ func (w *SortingWriter[T]) Close() error {
 	if err := w.Flush(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return w.output.Close()
-}
 
-func (w *SortingWriter[T]) Flush() error {
 	defer w.resetSortingBuffer()
 
-	if err := w.sortAndWriteBufferedRows(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	if w.numRows == 0 {
-		return nil
+		return w.output.Close()
 	}
 
 	if err := w.writer.Close(); err != nil {
@@ -129,7 +122,18 @@ func (w *SortingWriter[T]) Flush() error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	return w.output.Flush()
+	if err := w.output.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return w.output.Close()
+}
+
+// Flush sorts any buffered rows and writes them to temporary storage.
+// This can be called multiple times to manage memory usage.
+// The actual merge and write to output happens on Close.
+func (w *SortingWriter[T]) Flush() error {
+	return w.sortAndWriteBufferedRows()
 }
 
 func (w *SortingWriter[T]) Reset(output io.Writer) {
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_decimal.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_decimal.go
index 5f57557aa2..0bb1e53cc0 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_decimal.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_decimal.go
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 package parquet
 
 import (
+	"log"
+	"math"
+	"math/big"
+	"reflect"
+	"strconv"
+
 	"github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/deprecated"
 	"github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/format"
 )
@@ -11,7 +17,18 @@ import (
 // https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#decimal
 func Decimal(scale, precision int, typ Type) Node {
 	switch typ.Kind() {
-	case Int32, Int64, ByteArray, FixedLenByteArray:
+	case Int32:
+		if precision < 1 || precision > 9 {
+			panic("DECIMAL annotated with Int32 must have precision >= 1 and <= 9, got " + strconv.Itoa(precision))
+		}
+	case Int64:
+		if precision < 1 || precision > 18 {
+			panic("DECIMAL annotated with Int32 must have precision >= 1 and <= 9, got " + strconv.Itoa(precision))
+		}
+		if precision < 10 {
+			log.Printf("WARNING: DECIMAL annotated with Int64 should have a precision >= 10, got %d", precision)
+		}
+	case ByteArray, FixedLenByteArray:
 	default:
 		panic("DECIMAL node must annotate Int32, Int64, ByteArray or FixedLenByteArray but got " + typ.String())
 	}
@@ -38,3 +55,50 @@ func (t *decimalType) LogicalType() *format.LogicalType {
 func (t *decimalType) ConvertedType() *deprecated.ConvertedType {
 	return &convertedTypes[deprecated.Decimal]
 }
+
+func (t *decimalType) AssignValue(dst reflect.Value, src Value) error {
+	switch t.Type {
+	case Int32Type:
+		switch dst.Kind() {
+		case reflect.Int32:
+			dst.SetInt(int64(src.int32()))
+		default:
+			dst.Set(reflect.ValueOf(float32(src.int32()) / float32(math.Pow10(int(t.decimal.Scale)))))
+		}
+	case Int64Type:
+		switch dst.Kind() {
+		case reflect.Int64:
+			dst.SetInt(src.int64())
+		default:
+			dst.Set(reflect.ValueOf(float64(src.int64()) / math.Pow10(int(t.decimal.Scale))))
+		}
+	default:
+		// ByteArray and FixedLenByteArray
+		if t.Type.Kind() != ByteArray && t.Type.Kind() != FixedLenByteArray {
+			return nil
+		}
+		data := src.ByteArray()
+		val := new(big.Int)
+		if len(data) > 0 && data[0]&0x80 != 0 {
+			// Negative number: convert from two's complement
+			tmp := make([]byte, len(data))
+			for i, b := range data {
+				tmp[i] = ^b
+			}
+			val.SetBytes(tmp)
+			val.Add(val, big.NewInt(1))
+			val.Neg(val)
+		} else {
+			val.SetBytes(data)
+		}
+		// Use enough precision to represent the decimal value accurately
+		// precision * log2(10) ≈ precision * 3.32, round up generously
+		prec := max(uint(t.decimal.Precision)*4+64, 192)
+		f := new(big.Float).SetPrec(prec).SetInt(val)
+		scaleFactor := new(big.Float).SetPrec(prec)
+		scaleFactor.SetInt(new(big.Int).Exp(big.NewInt(10), big.NewInt(int64(t.decimal.Scale)), nil))
+		f.Quo(f, scaleFactor)
+		dst.Set(reflect.ValueOf(f))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_int32.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_int32.go
index f6497c76d0..d46113f287 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_int32.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_int32.go
@@ -10,19 +10,19 @@ import (
 
 type int32Type struct{}
 
-func (t int32Type) String() string                   { return "INT32" }
-func (t int32Type) Kind() Kind                       { return Int32 }
-func (t int32Type) Length() int                      { return 32 }
-func (t int32Type) EstimateSize(n int) int           { return 4 * n }
-func (t int32Type) EstimateNumValues(n int) int      { return n / 4 }
-func (t int32Type) Compare(a, b Value) int           { return compareInt32(a.int32(), b.int32()) }
-func (t int32Type) ColumnOrder() *format.ColumnOrder { return &typeDefinedColumnOrder }
-func (t int32Type) LogicalType() *format.LogicalType {
-	return &format.LogicalType{Integer: &format.IntType{
-		BitWidth: 32,
-		IsSigned: true,
-	}}
-}
+var int32LogicalType = format.LogicalType{Integer: &format.IntType{
+	BitWidth: 32,
+	IsSigned: true,
+}}
+
+func (t int32Type) String() string                           { return "INT32" }
+func (t int32Type) Kind() Kind                               { return Int32 }
+func (t int32Type) Length() int                              { return 32 }
+func (t int32Type) EstimateSize(n int) int                   { return 4 * n }
+func (t int32Type) EstimateNumValues(n int) int              { return n / 4 }
+func (t int32Type) Compare(a, b Value) int                   { return compareInt32(a.int32(), b.int32()) }
+func (t int32Type) ColumnOrder() *format.ColumnOrder         { return &typeDefinedColumnOrder }
+func (t int32Type) LogicalType() *format.LogicalType         { return &int32LogicalType }
 func (t int32Type) ConvertedType() *deprecated.ConvertedType { return nil }
 func (t int32Type) PhysicalType() *format.Type               { return &physicalTypes[Int32] }
 
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_int64.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_int64.go
index 9742a7f14b..db1287b694 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_int64.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_int64.go
@@ -10,19 +10,19 @@ import (
 
 type int64Type struct{}
 
-func (t int64Type) String() string                   { return "INT64" }
-func (t int64Type) Kind() Kind                       { return Int64 }
-func (t int64Type) Length() int                      { return 64 }
-func (t int64Type) EstimateSize(n int) int           { return 8 * n }
-func (t int64Type) EstimateNumValues(n int) int      { return n / 8 }
-func (t int64Type) Compare(a, b Value) int           { return compareInt64(a.int64(), b.int64()) }
-func (t int64Type) ColumnOrder() *format.ColumnOrder { return &typeDefinedColumnOrder }
-func (t int64Type) LogicalType() *format.LogicalType {
-	return &format.LogicalType{Integer: &format.IntType{
-		BitWidth: 64,
-		IsSigned: true,
-	}}
-}
+var int64LogicalType = format.LogicalType{Integer: &format.IntType{
+	BitWidth: 64,
+	IsSigned: true,
+}}
+
+func (t int64Type) String() string                           { return "INT64" }
+func (t int64Type) Kind() Kind                               { return Int64 }
+func (t int64Type) Length() int                              { return 64 }
+func (t int64Type) EstimateSize(n int) int                   { return 8 * n }
+func (t int64Type) EstimateNumValues(n int) int              { return n / 8 }
+func (t int64Type) Compare(a, b Value) int                   { return compareInt64(a.int64(), b.int64()) }
+func (t int64Type) ColumnOrder() *format.ColumnOrder         { return &typeDefinedColumnOrder }
+func (t int64Type) LogicalType() *format.LogicalType         { return &int64LogicalType }
 func (t int64Type) ConvertedType() *deprecated.ConvertedType { return nil }
 func (t int64Type) PhysicalType() *format.Type               { return &physicalTypes[Int64] }
 
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_list.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_list.go
index 20a1bbf866..3f17fde492 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_list.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_list.go
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ func (listNode) Type() Type { return &listType{} }
 
 type listType format.ListType
 
+var listLogicalType = format.LogicalType{List: new(format.ListType)}
+
 func (t *listType) String() string { return (*format.ListType)(t).String() }
 
 func (t *listType) Kind() Kind { panic("cannot call Kind on parquet LIST type") }
@@ -37,9 +39,7 @@ func (t *listType) ColumnOrder() *format.ColumnOrder { return nil }
 
 func (t *listType) PhysicalType() *format.Type { return nil }
 
-func (t *listType) LogicalType() *format.LogicalType {
-	return &format.LogicalType{List: (*format.ListType)(t)}
-}
+func (t *listType) LogicalType() *format.LogicalType { return &listLogicalType }
 
 func (t *listType) ConvertedType() *deprecated.ConvertedType {
 	return &convertedTypes[deprecated.List]
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_map.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_map.go
index d5f6a95cc5..66835cda12 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_map.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_map.go
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ func (mapNode) Type() Type { return &mapType{} }
 
 type mapType format.MapType
 
+var mapLogicalType = format.LogicalType{Map: new(format.MapType)}
+
 func (t *mapType) String() string { return (*format.MapType)(t).String() }
 
 func (t *mapType) Kind() Kind { panic("cannot call Kind on parquet MAP type") }
@@ -42,9 +44,7 @@ func (t *mapType) ColumnOrder() *format.ColumnOrder { return nil }
 
 func (t *mapType) PhysicalType() *format.Type { return nil }
 
-func (t *mapType) LogicalType() *format.LogicalType {
-	return &format.LogicalType{Map: (*format.MapType)(t)}
-}
+func (t *mapType) LogicalType() *format.LogicalType { return &mapLogicalType }
 
 func (t *mapType) ConvertedType() *deprecated.ConvertedType {
 	return &convertedTypes[deprecated.Map]
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_null.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_null.go
index ca1947d9ce..546bbe98cc 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_null.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_null.go
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import (
 
 type nullType format.NullType
 
+var nullLogicalType = format.LogicalType{Unknown: new(format.NullType)}
+
 func (t *nullType) String() string { return (*format.NullType)(t).String() }
 
 func (t *nullType) Kind() Kind { return -1 }
@@ -26,9 +28,7 @@ func (t *nullType) ColumnOrder() *format.ColumnOrder { return nil }
 
 func (t *nullType) PhysicalType() *format.Type { return nil }
 
-func (t *nullType) LogicalType() *format.LogicalType {
-	return &format.LogicalType{Unknown: (*format.NullType)(t)}
-}
+func (t *nullType) LogicalType() *format.LogicalType { return &nullLogicalType }
 
 func (t *nullType) ConvertedType() *deprecated.ConvertedType { return nil }
 
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_variant.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_variant.go
index fd6cc06c97..8d692e0e0c 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_variant.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/type_variant.go
@@ -1,30 +1,160 @@
 package parquet
 
 import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/deprecated"
 	"github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/encoding"
 	"github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/format"
 )
 
-// Variant constructs a node of unshredded VARIANT logical type. It is a group with
+// Variant constructs a node of unshredded [VARIANT logical type]. It is a group with
 // two required fields, "metadata" and "value", both byte arrays.
 //
-// Experimental: The specification for variants is still being developed and the type
-// is not fully adopted. Support for this type is subject to change.
+// *Experimental*: Support for the VARIANT type is still being developed and subject to
+// change.
 //
 // Initial support does not attempt to process the variant data. So reading and writing
 // data of this type behaves as if it were just a group with two byte array fields, as
 // if the logical type annotation were absent. This may change in the future.
 //
-// https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#variant
+// [VARIANT logical type]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#variant
 func Variant() Node {
 	return variantNode{Group{"metadata": Required(Leaf(ByteArrayType)), "value": Required(Leaf(ByteArrayType))}}
 }
 
-// TODO: add ShreddedVariant(Node) function, to create a shredded variant
-//  where the argument defines the type/structure of the shredded value(s).
+// ShreddedVariant constructs a node of shredded [VARIANT logical type]. It is a group
+// with a required byte array "metadata" field, an optional byte array "value" field
+// (for any unshredded values), and an optional "typed_value" field whose type is that
+// of the shredded value. If the given node is a group or list (or contains a list),
+// the resulting "typed_value" field will have some additional structure to allow
+// each group or element in a list to have a mix of shredded and unshredded data.
+//
+// The given node may only contain types that map to valid [variant value types].
+// Therefore, it may not contain ENUM, FLOAT16, INTERVAL, JSON, BSON, VARIANT,
+// GEOMETRY, GEOGRAPHY, MAP, or UNKNOWN logical types. It may only use signed INT
+// logical types. It may only use DECIMAL logical types whose precision is less than
+// or equal to 38. It may not contain any repeated fields unless they are the middle
+// level of a 3-level LIST logical type. Any "required" settings on fields will be
+// ignored: shredded fields must always be optional to represent values that may not
+// conform to the shredded type. It also may not contain empty groups: any groups
+// must have at least one field.
+//
+// More information on shredded variants can be found in the [Parquet documentation].
+//
+// *Experimental*: Support for the VARIANT type is still being developed and subject to
+// change.
+//
+// Initial support does not attempt to process the variant data. So reading and writing
+// data of this type behaves as if it were just a group with the three described fields,
+// as if the logical type annotation were absent. This may change in the future.
+//
+// [VARIANT logical type]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#variant
+// [variant value types]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/VariantShredding.md#shredded-value-types
+// [Parquet documentation]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/VariantShredding.md
+func ShreddedVariant(shreddedType Node) (Node, error) {
+	typedNode, err := variantTypedValueNode(shreddedType)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return variantNode{Group{
+		"metadata":    Required(Leaf(ByteArrayType)),
+		"value":       Optional(Leaf(ByteArrayType)),
+		"typed_value": Optional(typedNode),
+	}}, nil
+}
+
+func variantTypedValueNode(node Node, fieldPath ...string) (typed Node, err error) {
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil && len(fieldPath) > 0 {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("field %s: %w", strings.Join(fieldPath, "."), err)
+		}
+	}()
+	if node.Repeated() {
+		return nil, errors.New("repeated types are not allowed unless they are part of a 3-level LIST logical type")
+	}
+	if lt := node.Type().LogicalType(); lt != nil {
+		switch lt := getLogicalType(lt).(type) {
+		case *format.ListType:
+			// We must first extract the inner list.element field of the 3-level LIST type.
+			children := node.Fields()
+			if len(children) != 1 {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid LIST logical type: expecting a single 'list' field but instead found %d", len(children))
+			}
+			grandchildren := children[0].Fields()
+			if len(grandchildren) != 1 {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid LIST logical type: expecting a single 'element' field but instead found %d", len(grandchildren))
+			}
+			elementNode, err := variantTypedValueNode(grandchildren[0], fieldPath...)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			list := List(Required(Group{
+				"value":       Optional(Leaf(ByteArrayType)),
+				"typed_value": Optional(elementNode),
+			}))
+			if node.ID() != 0 {
+				return FieldID(list, node.ID()), nil
+			}
+			return list, nil
+		case *format.IntType:
+			if !lt.IsSigned {
+				return nil, errors.New("signed INT logical types are not allowed")
+			}
+		case *format.DecimalType:
+			if lt.Precision > 38 {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("DECIMAL logical types with precision >38 are not allowed (got %d)", lt.Precision)
+			}
+		case *format.DateType:
+		case *format.TimeType:
+		case *format.TimestampType:
+		case *format.StringType:
+		case *format.UUIDType:
+		default:
+			// No other logical types are allowed.
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s logical types are not allowed", lt)
+		}
+	}
+	if node.Leaf() {
+		return node, nil
+	}
+	children := node.Fields()
+	if len(children) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("empty groups are not allowed")
+	}
+	group := make(Group, len(children))
+	for _, child := range children {
+		childNode, err := variantTypedValueNode(child, append(fieldPath, child.Name())...)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		group[child.Name()] = Required(Group{
+			"value":       Optional(Leaf(ByteArrayType)),
+			"typed_value": Optional(childNode),
+		})
+	}
+	if node.ID() != 0 {
+		return FieldID(group, node.ID()), nil
+	}
+	return group, nil
+}
+
+func getLogicalType(lt *format.LogicalType) any {
+	// We use reflection so we can always catch a logical type annotation. If a
+	// new one is added, we don't have to remember to update the switch above (unless
+	// a new one is added that is also supported as a variant value).
+	refVal := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(lt))
+	for i := range refVal.NumField() {
+		field := refVal.Field(i)
+		if field.CanInterface() && !field.IsZero() {
+			return field.Interface()
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
 
 type variantNode struct{ Group }
 
@@ -32,6 +162,8 @@ func (variantNode) Type() Type { return &variantType{} }
 
 type variantType format.VariantType
 
+var variantLogicalType = format.LogicalType{Variant: new(format.VariantType)}
+
 func (t *variantType) String() string { return (*format.VariantType)(t).String() }
 
 func (t *variantType) Kind() Kind { panic("cannot call Kind on parquet VARIANT type") }
@@ -50,9 +182,7 @@ func (t *variantType) ColumnOrder() *format.ColumnOrder { return nil }
 
 func (t *variantType) PhysicalType() *format.Type { return nil }
 
-func (t *variantType) LogicalType() *format.LogicalType {
-	return &format.LogicalType{Variant: (*format.VariantType)(t)}
-}
+func (t *variantType) LogicalType() *format.LogicalType { return &variantLogicalType }
 
 func (t *variantType) ConvertedType() *deprecated.ConvertedType { return nil }
 
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/writer.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/writer.go
index 76b5002704..beb54e9efb 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/writer.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/writer.go
@@ -1026,13 +1026,19 @@ func (w *writer) reset(writer io.Writer) {
 	}
 	w.currentRowGroup.reset()
 	for i := range w.rowGroups {
-		w.rowGroups[i] = format.RowGroup{}
+		w.rowGroups[i].Reset()
 	}
 	for i := range w.columnIndexes {
-		w.columnIndexes[i] = nil
+		for j := range w.columnIndexes[i] {
+			w.columnIndexes[i][j].Reset()
+		}
+		w.columnIndexes[i] = w.columnIndexes[i][:0]
 	}
 	for i := range w.offsetIndexes {
-		w.offsetIndexes[i] = nil
+		for j := range w.offsetIndexes[i] {
+			w.offsetIndexes[i][j].Reset()
+		}
+		w.offsetIndexes[i] = w.offsetIndexes[i][:0]
 	}
 	w.rowGroups = w.rowGroups[:0]
 	w.columnIndexes = w.columnIndexes[:0]
@@ -1155,6 +1161,10 @@ func (w *writer) writeRowGroup(rg *ConcurrentRowGroupWriter, rowGroupSchema *Sch
 		return 0, nil
 	}
 
+	rowGroupIndex := len(w.rowGroups)
+	columnIndexIndex := len(w.columnIndexes)
+	offsetIndexIndex := len(w.offsetIndexes)
+
 	if len(w.rowGroups) == MaxRowGroups {
 		return 0, ErrTooManyRowGroups
 	}
@@ -1178,10 +1188,9 @@ func (w *writer) writeRowGroup(rg *ConcurrentRowGroupWriter, rowGroupSchema *Sch
 	fileOffset := w.writer.offset
 
 	for i, c := range rg.columns {
-		columnIndex := c.columnIndex.ColumnIndex()
-		columnIndex.RepetitionLevelHistogram = slices.Clone(c.pageRepetitionLevelHistograms)
-		columnIndex.DefinitionLevelHistogram = slices.Clone(c.pageDefinitionLevelHistograms)
-		rg.columnIndex[i] = columnIndex
+		rg.columnIndex[i] = c.columnIndex.ColumnIndex()
+		rg.columnIndex[i].RepetitionLevelHistogram = append(rg.columnIndex[i].RepetitionLevelHistogram[:0], c.pageRepetitionLevelHistograms...)
+		rg.columnIndex[i].DefinitionLevelHistogram = append(rg.columnIndex[i].DefinitionLevelHistogram[:0], c.pageDefinitionLevelHistograms...)
 
 		c.columnChunk.MetaData.SizeStatistics = format.SizeStatistics{
 			UnencodedByteArrayDataBytes: c.totalUnencodedByteArrayBytes,
@@ -1239,9 +1248,20 @@ func (w *writer) writeRowGroup(rg *ConcurrentRowGroupWriter, rowGroupSchema *Sch
 		totalCompressedSize += int64(c.TotalCompressedSize)
 	}
 
+	var reuseRowGroup *format.RowGroup = nil
+	if cap(w.rowGroups) > rowGroupIndex {
+		w.rowGroups = w.rowGroups[:rowGroupIndex+1] // Extend the slice by one element
+		reuseRowGroup = &w.rowGroups[rowGroupIndex] // Pointer to the last element
+	}
+
 	sortingColumns := w.sortingColumns
 	if len(sortingColumns) == 0 && len(rowGroupSortingColumns) > 0 {
-		sortingColumns = make([]format.SortingColumn, 0, len(rowGroupSortingColumns))
+		scLen := len(rowGroupSortingColumns)
+		if reuseRowGroup == nil {
+			sortingColumns = make([]format.SortingColumn, 0, scLen)
+		} else {
+			sortingColumns = reuseRowGroup.SortingColumns
+		}
 		forEachLeafColumnOf(rowGroupSchema, func(leaf leafColumn) {
 			if sortingIndex := searchSortingColumn(rowGroupSortingColumns, leaf.path); sortingIndex < len(sortingColumns) {
 				sortingColumns[sortingIndex] = format.SortingColumn{
@@ -1253,13 +1273,47 @@ func (w *writer) writeRowGroup(rg *ConcurrentRowGroupWriter, rowGroupSchema *Sch
 		})
 	}
 
-	columns := slices.Clone(rg.columnChunk)
-	columnIndex := slices.Clone(rg.columnIndex)
-	offsetIndex := slices.Clone(rg.offsetIndex)
+	var reuseColumnIndex *[]format.ColumnIndex = nil
+	if cap(w.columnIndexes) > columnIndexIndex {
+		// Extend the slice by one element
+		w.columnIndexes = w.columnIndexes[:columnIndexIndex+1]
+		reuseColumnIndex = &w.columnIndexes[columnIndexIndex]
+	}
+	var columnIndex []format.ColumnIndex
+	if reuseColumnIndex != nil {
+		// Copy the slice
+		columnIndex = append(*reuseColumnIndex, rg.columnIndex...)
+		w.columnIndexes[columnIndexIndex] = columnIndex
+	} else {
+		columnIndex = slices.Clone(rg.columnIndex)
+		w.columnIndexes = append(w.columnIndexes, columnIndex)
+	}
 
+	var reuseOffsetIndex *[]format.OffsetIndex = nil
+	if cap(w.offsetIndexes) > offsetIndexIndex {
+		// Extend the slice by one element
+		w.offsetIndexes = w.offsetIndexes[:offsetIndexIndex+1]
+		reuseOffsetIndex = &w.offsetIndexes[offsetIndexIndex]
+	}
+	var offsetIndex []format.OffsetIndex
+	if reuseOffsetIndex != nil {
+		offsetIndex = append(*reuseOffsetIndex, rg.offsetIndex...)
+		w.offsetIndexes[offsetIndexIndex] = offsetIndex
+	} else {
+		offsetIndex = slices.Clone(rg.offsetIndex)
+		w.offsetIndexes = append(w.offsetIndexes, offsetIndex)
+	}
+
+	// If the existing row group slice is full, we need to create a new element
+	var columns []format.ColumnChunk = nil
+	if reuseRowGroup == nil {
+		columns = slices.Clone(rg.columnChunk)
+	} else {
+		columns = append(reuseRowGroup.Columns, rg.columnChunk...)
+	}
 	for i := range columns {
 		c := &columns[i]
-		c.MetaData.EncodingStats = slices.Clone(rg.columnChunk[i].MetaData.EncodingStats)
+		c.MetaData.EncodingStats = append(c.MetaData.EncodingStats[:0], rg.columnChunk[i].MetaData.EncodingStats...)
 	}
 
 	for i := range offsetIndex {
@@ -1267,18 +1321,26 @@ func (w *writer) writeRowGroup(rg *ConcurrentRowGroupWriter, rowGroupSchema *Sch
 		c.PageLocations = slices.Clone(rg.offsetIndex[i].PageLocations)
 	}
 
-	w.rowGroups = append(w.rowGroups, format.RowGroup{
-		Columns:             columns,
-		TotalByteSize:       totalByteSize,
-		NumRows:             numRows,
-		SortingColumns:      sortingColumns,
-		FileOffset:          fileOffset,
-		TotalCompressedSize: totalCompressedSize,
-		Ordinal:             int16(len(w.rowGroups)),
-	})
+	if reuseRowGroup == nil {
+		w.rowGroups = append(w.rowGroups, format.RowGroup{
+			Columns:             columns,
+			TotalByteSize:       totalByteSize,
+			NumRows:             numRows,
+			SortingColumns:      sortingColumns,
+			FileOffset:          fileOffset,
+			TotalCompressedSize: totalCompressedSize,
+			Ordinal:             int16(len(w.rowGroups)),
+		})
+	} else {
+		reuseRowGroup.Columns = columns
+		reuseRowGroup.TotalByteSize = totalByteSize
+		reuseRowGroup.NumRows = numRows
+		reuseRowGroup.SortingColumns = sortingColumns
+		reuseRowGroup.FileOffset = fileOffset
+		reuseRowGroup.TotalCompressedSize = totalCompressedSize
+		reuseRowGroup.Ordinal = int16(len(w.rowGroups) - 1)
+	}
 
-	w.columnIndexes = append(w.columnIndexes, columnIndex)
-	w.offsetIndexes = append(w.offsetIndexes, offsetIndex)
 	return numRows, nil
 }
 
@@ -1946,7 +2008,15 @@ func (c *ColumnWriter) fallbackDictionaryToPlain() error {
 		c.columnType = indexedType.Type
 	}
 	if c.plainColumnBuffer == nil {
-		c.plainColumnBuffer = c.columnType.NewColumnBuffer(int(c.bufferIndex), int(c.bufferSize))
+		base := c.columnType.NewColumnBuffer(int(c.bufferIndex), int(c.bufferSize))
+		switch {
+		case c.maxRepetitionLevel > 0:
+			c.plainColumnBuffer = newRepeatedColumnBuffer(base, c.maxRepetitionLevel, c.maxDefinitionLevel, nullsGoLast)
+		case c.maxDefinitionLevel > 0:
+			c.plainColumnBuffer = newOptionalColumnBuffer(base, c.maxDefinitionLevel, nullsGoLast)
+		default:
+			c.plainColumnBuffer = base
+		}
 	}
 	c.columnBuffer = c.plainColumnBuffer
 	c.encoding = &plain.Encoding{}
@@ -2045,16 +2115,20 @@ func (c *ColumnWriter) recordPageStats(headerSize int32, header *format.PageHead
 		definitionLevels := page.DefinitionLevels()
 
 		if c.maxRepetitionLevel > 0 {
-			accumulateLevelHistogram(c.repetitionLevelHistogram, repetitionLevels)
-			c.pageRepetitionLevelHistograms = appendPageLevelHistogram(
-				c.pageRepetitionLevelHistograms, repetitionLevels, c.maxRepetitionLevel,
+			c.pageRepetitionLevelHistograms = accumulateAndAppendPageLevelHistogram(
+				c.repetitionLevelHistogram,
+				c.pageRepetitionLevelHistograms,
+				repetitionLevels,
+				c.maxRepetitionLevel,
 			)
 		}
 
 		if c.maxDefinitionLevel > 0 {
-			accumulateLevelHistogram(c.definitionLevelHistogram, definitionLevels)
-			c.pageDefinitionLevelHistograms = appendPageLevelHistogram(
-				c.pageDefinitionLevelHistograms, definitionLevels, c.maxDefinitionLevel,
+			c.pageDefinitionLevelHistograms = accumulateAndAppendPageLevelHistogram(
+				c.definitionLevelHistogram,
+				c.pageDefinitionLevelHistograms,
+				definitionLevels,
+				c.maxDefinitionLevel,
 			)
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/writer_statistics.go b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/writer_statistics.go
index dd5aa07e45..72bcd3f44b 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/writer_statistics.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/writer_statistics.go
@@ -29,10 +29,7 @@ func appendPageLevelHistogram(histograms []int64, levels []byte, maxLevel byte)
 	histSize := int(maxLevel) + 1
 	startIndex := len(histograms)
 	histograms = slices.Grow(histograms, histSize)[:startIndex+histSize]
-
-	for i := range histSize {
-		histograms[startIndex+i] = 0
-	}
+	clear(histograms[startIndex : startIndex+histSize])
 
 	for _, level := range levels {
 		histograms[startIndex+int(level)]++
@@ -40,3 +37,25 @@ func appendPageLevelHistogram(histograms []int64, levels []byte, maxLevel byte)
 
 	return histograms
 }
+
+// accumulateAndAppendPageLevelHistogram combines accumulateLevelHistogram and
+// appendPageLevelHistogram into a single pass through the levels array.
+// It updates both the column-level histogram and creates a per-page histogram.
+func accumulateAndAppendPageLevelHistogram(
+	columnHistogram []int64,
+	pageHistograms []int64,
+	levels []byte,
+	maxLevel byte,
+) []int64 {
+	histSize := int(maxLevel) + 1
+	startIndex := len(pageHistograms)
+	pageHistograms = slices.Grow(pageHistograms, histSize)[:startIndex+histSize]
+	clear(pageHistograms[startIndex : startIndex+histSize])
+
+	for _, level := range levels {
+		columnHistogram[level]++
+		pageHistograms[startIndex+int(level)]++
+	}
+
+	return pageHistograms
+}
diff --git a/vendor/modules.txt b/vendor/modules.txt
index 4c34179556..0153cb6efd 100644
--- a/vendor/modules.txt
+++ b/vendor/modules.txt
@@ -1691,7 +1691,7 @@ github.com/parquet-go/bitpack/unsafecast
 # github.com/parquet-go/jsonlite v1.0.0
 ## explicit; go 1.23
 github.com/parquet-go/jsonlite
-# github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go v0.27.0
+# github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go v0.28.0
 ## explicit; go 1.24.9
 github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go
 github.com/parquet-go/parquet-go/bloom