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View code on Github</a>
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<a href='#section-0'>#</a>
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</div>
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<h1>具有多处理功能的 Atari 封装器</h1>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">9</span><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">multiprocessing</span>
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<span class="lineno">10</span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">multiprocessing.connection</span>
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<span class="lineno">11</span>
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<span class="lineno">12</span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">cv2</span>
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<span class="lineno">13</span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">gym</span>
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<span class="lineno">14</span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='section' id='section-1'>
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<div class='docs doc-strings'>
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<div class='section-link'>
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<a href='#section-1'>#</a>
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</div>
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<p><a id="GameEnvironment"></a></p>
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<h2>游戏环境</h2>
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<p>这是 OpenAI 健身游戏环境的封装。我们在这里做了几件事：</p>
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<p>1.在四帧上应用相同的动作并获得最后一帧 2。将观测帧转换为灰色并将其缩放为 (84, 84) 3。堆叠最后四个动作中的四帧 4.添加剧集信息（整个剧集的总奖励）以进行监控 5.将一集限制为单人生命（游戏有 5 条生命，我们在每一次生命之后重置）</p>
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<h4>观察格式</h4>
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<p>观测值是大小为张量（4、84、84）。它是堆叠在第一轴上的四个帧（游戏屏幕的图像）。也就是说，每个通道都是一个帧。</p>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">17</span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Game</span><span class="p">:</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='section' id='section-2'>
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<div class='docs'>
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<div class='section-link'>
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<a href='#section-2'>#</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">38</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">seed</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='section' id='section-3'>
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<div class='docs'>
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<div class='section-link'>
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<a href='#section-3'>#</a>
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</div>
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<p>创建环境</p>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">40</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">env</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gym</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'BreakoutNoFrameskip-v4'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="lineno">41</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">seed</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='section' id='section-4'>
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<div class='docs'>
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<div class='section-link'>
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<a href='#section-4'>#</a>
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</div>
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<p>4 帧堆栈的张量</p>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">44</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">obs_4</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zeros</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">84</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">84</span><span class="p">))</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='section' id='section-5'>
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<div class='docs'>
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<div class='section-link'>
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<a href='#section-5'>#</a>
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</div>
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<p>缓冲区以保持最后 2 帧的最大值</p>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">47</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">obs_2_max</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zeros</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">84</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">84</span><span class="p">))</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='section' id='section-6'>
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<div class='docs'>
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<div class='section-link'>
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<a href='#section-6'>#</a>
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</div>
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<p>跟踪剧集奖励</p>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">50</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rewards</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='section' id='section-7'>
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<div class='docs'>
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<div class='section-link'>
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<a href='#section-7'>#</a>
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</div>
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<p>和剩下的生命数量</p>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">52</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lives</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='section' id='section-8'>
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<div class='docs doc-strings'>
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<div class='section-link'>
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<a href='#section-8'>#</a>
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</div>
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<h3>一步</h3>
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<p>执行 4 个<code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">action</span></code>
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时间步长并返回一个元组（观察、奖励、完成、episode_info）。</p>
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<ul><li><code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">observation</span></code>
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: 堆叠 4 帧（此帧和最后 3 个动作的帧）</li>
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<li><code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">reward</span></code>
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: 执行行动时的总奖励</li>
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<li><code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">done</span></code>
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: 剧集是否结束（失去生命）</li>
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</ul><li><code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">episode_info</span></code>
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: 剧集信息（如果已完成）</li>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">54</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">step</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='section' id='section-9'>
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<div class='docs'>
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<div class='section-link'>
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<a href='#section-9'>#</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">66</span> <span class="n">reward</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.</span>
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<span class="lineno">67</span> <span class="n">done</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='section' id='section-10'>
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<div class='docs'>
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<div class='section-link'>
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<a href='#section-10'>#</a>
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</div>
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<p>跑 4 步</p>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">70</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='section' id='section-11'>
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<div class='docs'>
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<div class='section-link'>
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<a href='#section-11'>#</a>
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</div>
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<p>在 OpenAI Gym 环境中执行动作</p>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">72</span> <span class="n">obs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">done</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">info</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">step</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">action</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="lineno">73</span>
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<span class="lineno">74</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">>=</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="lineno">75</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">obs_2_max</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_process_obs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">obs</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="lineno">76</span>
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<span class="lineno">77</span> <span class="n">reward</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">r</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='section' id='section-12'>
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<div class='docs'>
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<div class='section-link'>
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<a href='#section-12'>#</a>
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</div>
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<p>获得剩余的生命数</p>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">80</span> <span class="n">lives</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">unwrapped</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ale</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lives</span><span class="p">()</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='section' id='section-13'>
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<div class='docs'>
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<div class='section-link'>
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<a href='#section-13'>#</a>
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</div>
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<p>如果生命丧失则重置</p>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">82</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">lives</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lives</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="lineno">83</span> <span class="n">done</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
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<span class="lineno">84</span> <span class="k">break</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='section' id='section-14'>
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<div class='docs'>
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<div class='section-link'>
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<a href='#section-14'>#</a>
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</div>
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<p>保持每一步的奖励</p>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">87</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rewards</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">reward</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="lineno">88</span>
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<span class="lineno">89</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">done</span><span class="p">:</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='section' id='section-15'>
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<div class='docs'>
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<div class='section-link'>
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<a href='#section-15'>#</a>
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</div>
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<p>如果已完成，则在剧集结束时设置剧集信息，然后重置</p>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">91</span> <span class="n">episode_info</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"reward"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rewards</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s2">"length"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rewards</span><span class="p">)}</span>
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<span class="lineno">92</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reset</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<span class="lineno">93</span> <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="lineno">94</span> <span class="n">episode_info</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='section' id='section-16'>
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<div class='docs'>
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<div class='section-link'>
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<a href='#section-16'>#</a>
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</div>
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<p>获得最后两帧的最大值</p>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">97</span> <span class="n">obs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">obs_2_max</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='section' id='section-17'>
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<div class='docs'>
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<div class='section-link'>
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<a href='#section-17'>#</a>
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</div>
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<p>把它推到 4 帧的堆栈中</p>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">100</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">obs_4</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">roll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">obs_4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">shift</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axis</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">101</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">obs_4</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">obs</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">102</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">103</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">obs_4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">reward</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">done</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">episode_info</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-18'>
|
||
<div class='docs doc-strings'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-18'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h3>重置环境</h3>
|
||
<p>清理剧集信息和 4 帧堆叠</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">105</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">reset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-19'>
|
||
<div class='docs'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-19'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>重置 OpenAI 健身房环境</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">112</span> <span class="n">obs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reset</span><span class="p">()</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-20'>
|
||
<div class='docs'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-20'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>重置缓存</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">115</span> <span class="n">obs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_process_obs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">obs</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">116</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">117</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">obs_4</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">obs</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">118</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rewards</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">119</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">120</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lives</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">unwrapped</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ale</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lives</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">121</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">122</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">obs_4</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-21'>
|
||
<div class='docs doc-strings'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-21'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h4>处理游戏帧</h4>
|
||
<p>将游戏帧转换为灰色并重新缩放为 84x84</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">124</span> <span class="nd">@staticmethod</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">125</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_process_obs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">obs</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-22'>
|
||
<div class='docs'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-22'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">130</span> <span class="n">obs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cv2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cvtColor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">obs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cv2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">COLOR_RGB2GRAY</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">131</span> <span class="n">obs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cv2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">resize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">obs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">84</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">84</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">interpolation</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">cv2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">INTER_AREA</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">132</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">obs</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-23'>
|
||
<div class='docs doc-strings'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-23'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2>工作流程</h2>
|
||
<p>每个工作进程都运行此方法</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">135</span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">worker_process</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">remote</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">multiprocessing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">seed</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-24'>
|
||
<div class='docs'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-24'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>创建游戏</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">143</span> <span class="n">game</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Game</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">seed</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-25'>
|
||
<div class='docs'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-25'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>等待来自连接的指令并执行它们</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">146</span> <span class="k">while</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">147</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">remote</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">recv</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">148</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">cmd</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"step"</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">149</span> <span class="n">remote</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">send</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">game</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">step</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">150</span> <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">cmd</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"reset"</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">151</span> <span class="n">remote</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">send</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">game</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reset</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">152</span> <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">cmd</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"close"</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">153</span> <span class="n">remote</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">154</span> <span class="k">break</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">155</span> <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">156</span> <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">NotImplementedError</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-26'>
|
||
<div class='docs doc-strings'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-26'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>创建一个新的 worker 并在单独的进程中运行它。</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">159</span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Worker</span><span class="p">:</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-27'>
|
||
<div class='docs'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-27'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">164</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">seed</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">165</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">child</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">parent</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">multiprocessing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Pipe</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">166</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">multiprocessing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Process</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">worker_process</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">seed</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">167</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">start</span><span class="p">()</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='footer'>
|
||
<a href="https://labml.ai">labml.ai</a>
|
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|
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|
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|
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