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<h1>Capsule Networks</h1>
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<p>This is a <a href="https://pytorch.org">PyTorch</a> implementation/tutorial of <a href="https://papers.labml.ai/paper/1710.09829">Dynamic Routing Between Capsules</a>.</p>
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<p>Capsule network is a neural network architecture that embeds features as capsules and routes them with a voting mechanism to next layer of capsules.</p>
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<p>Unlike in other implementations of models, we've included a sample, because it is difficult to understand some concepts with just the modules. <a href="mnist.html">This is the annotated code for a model that uses capsules to classify MNIST dataset</a></p>
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<p>This file holds the implementations of the core modules of Capsule Networks.</p>
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<p>I used <a href="https://github.com/jindongwang/Pytorch-CapsuleNet">jindongwang/Pytorch-CapsuleNet</a> to clarify some confusions I had with the paper.</p>
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<p>Here's a notebook for training a Capsule Network on MNIST dataset.</p>
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<p><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/github/labmlai/annotated_deep_learning_paper_implementations/blob/master/labml_nn/capsule_networks/mnist.ipynb"><img alt="Open In Colab" src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg"></a> <a href="https://app.labml.ai/run/e7c08e08586711ebb3e30242ac1c0002"><img alt="View Run" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/labml-experiment-brightgreen"></a></p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">33</span><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">torch.nn</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">nn</span>
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<span class="lineno">34</span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">torch.nn.functional</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">F</span>
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<span class="lineno">35</span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">torch.utils.data</span>
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<span class="lineno">36</span>
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<span class="lineno">37</span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">labml_helpers.module</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Module</span></pre></div>
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<div class='docs doc-strings'>
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<a href='#section-1'>#</a>
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</div>
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<h2>Squash</h2>
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<p>This is <strong>squashing</strong> function from paper, given by equation <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span>.</p>
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<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.730548em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf" style="margin-right:0.01597em;">v</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.01597em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.7611239999999997em;vertical-align:-1.130116em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.631008em;"><span style="top:-2.155992em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">∥</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">∥</span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.954008em;"><span style="top:-3.2029em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">∥</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">∥</span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.954008em;"><span style="top:-3.2029em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.130116em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.12144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">∥</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">∥</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.972108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p><span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.3607479999999998em;vertical-align:-0.5423199999999999em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8184279999999999em;"><span style="top:-2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mopen mtight">∥</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathbf mtight">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3280857142857143em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2818857142857143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose mtight">∥</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.50732em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathbf mtight">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3280857142857143em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2818857142857143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.5423199999999999em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span> normalizes the length of all the capsules, whilst <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.73878em;vertical-align:-0.60754em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.13124em;"><span style="top:-2.5897799999999997em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span><span class="mbin mtight">+</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mopen mtight">∥</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathbf mtight">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3280857142857143em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2818857142857143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose mtight">∥</span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8574571428571429em;"><span style="top:-2.8971428571428572em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.50732em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mopen mtight">∥</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathbf mtight">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3280857142857143em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2818857142857143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose mtight">∥</span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8913142857142857em;"><span style="top:-2.931em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.60754em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span> shrinks the capsules that have a length smaller than one .</p>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">40</span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Squash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Module</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='section' id='section-2'>
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<div class='docs'>
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<div class='section-link'>
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<a href='#section-2'>#</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">55</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">epsilon</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">1e-8</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<span class="lineno">56</span> <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<span class="lineno">57</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">epsilon</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">epsilon</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='section' id='section-3'>
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<div class='docs doc-strings'>
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<div class='section-link'>
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<a href='#section-3'>#</a>
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</div>
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<p> The shape of <code>s</code>
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is <code>[batch_size, n_capsules, n_features]</code>
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class='code'>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">59</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Tensor</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class='section' id='section-4'>
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<div class='docs'>
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<div class='section-link'>
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<a href='#section-4'>#</a>
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</div>
|
||
<p><span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.240116em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">∥</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">∥</span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.954008em;"><span style="top:-3.2029em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">65</span> <span class="n">s2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">**</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dim</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">keepdims</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-5'>
|
||
<div class='docs'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-5'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>We add an epsilon when calculating <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.036108em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mopen">∥</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">∥</span></span></span></span> to make sure it doesn't become zero. If this becomes zero it starts giving out <code>nan</code>
|
||
values and training fails. <span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.730548em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf" style="margin-right:0.01597em;">v</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.01597em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:3.361008em;vertical-align:-1.7300000000000002em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.631008em;"><span style="top:-2.155992em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">∥</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">∥</span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.954008em;"><span style="top:-3.2029em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">∥</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">∥</span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.954008em;"><span style="top:-3.2029em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.130116em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.12144em;"><span style="top:-2.11em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.31895em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord sqrt"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.31895em;"><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.8em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.8em;"></span><span class="mord" style="padding-left:1em;"><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">∥</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">∥</span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.954008em;"><span style="top:-3.2029em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">ϵ</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.27895em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.8em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="min-width:1.02em;height:1.8800000000000001em;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width='400em' height='1.8800000000000001em' viewBox='0 0 400000 1944' preserveAspectRatio='xMinYMin slice'><path d='M983 90
|
||
l0 -0
|
||
c4,-6.7,10,-10,18,-10 H400000v40
|
||
H1013.1s-83.4,268,-264.1,840c-180.7,572,-277,876.3,-289,913c-4.7,4.7,-12.7,7,-24,7
|
||
s-12,0,-12,0c-1.3,-3.3,-3.7,-11.7,-7,-25c-35.3,-125.3,-106.7,-373.3,-214,-744
|
||
c-10,12,-21,25,-33,39s-32,39,-32,39c-6,-5.3,-15,-14,-27,-26s25,-30,25,-30
|
||
c26.7,-32.7,52,-63,76,-91s52,-60,52,-60s208,722,208,722
|
||
c56,-175.3,126.3,-397.3,211,-666c84.7,-268.7,153.8,-488.2,207.5,-658.5
|
||
c53.7,-170.3,84.5,-266.8,92.5,-289.5z
|
||
M1001 80h400000v40h-400000z'/></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.52105em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.54895em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.31895em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.99595em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.31895em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.7300000000000002em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">71</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s2</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">s2</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">epsilon</span><span class="p">))</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-6'>
|
||
<div class='docs doc-strings'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-6'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2>Routing Algorithm</h2>
|
||
<p>This is the routing mechanism described in the paper. You can use multiple routing layers in your models.</p>
|
||
<p>This combines calculating <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.730548em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> for this layer and the routing algorithm described in <em>Procedure 1</em>.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">74</span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Router</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Module</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-7'>
|
||
<div class='docs doc-strings'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-7'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p> <code>in_caps</code>
|
||
is the number of capsules, and <code>in_d</code>
|
||
is the number of features per capsule from the layer below. <code>out_caps</code>
|
||
and <code>out_d</code>
|
||
are the same for this layer.</p>
|
||
<p><code>iterations</code>
|
||
is the number of routing iterations, symbolized by <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span></span></span></span> in the paper.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">85</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">in_caps</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out_caps</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">in_d</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out_d</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">iterations</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-8'>
|
||
<div class='docs'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-8'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">92</span> <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">93</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">in_caps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">in_caps</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">94</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">out_caps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">out_caps</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">95</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">iterations</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">iterations</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">96</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">softmax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Softmax</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dim</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">97</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">squash</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Squash</span><span class="p">()</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-9'>
|
||
<div class='docs'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-9'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>This is the weight matrix <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.972218em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf" style="margin-right:0.01597em;">W</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.01597em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">ij</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>. It maps each capsule in the lower layer to each capsule in this layer </p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">101</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">weight</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Parameter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">randn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">in_caps</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out_caps</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">in_d</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out_d</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">requires_grad</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-10'>
|
||
<div class='docs doc-strings'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-10'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p> The shape of <code>u</code>
|
||
is <code>[batch_size, n_capsules, n_features]</code>
|
||
. These are the capsules from the lower layer.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">103</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">u</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Tensor</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-11'>
|
||
<div class='docs'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-11'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0630799999999998em;vertical-align:-0.3551999999999999em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.70788em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord mathbf">u</span></span><span style="top:-3.01344em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.22222em;"><span class="mord">^</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.34480000000000005em;"><span style="top:-2.5198em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span><span class="mord mtight">∣</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3551999999999999em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.972218em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf" style="margin-right:0.01597em;">W</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.01597em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">ij</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">u</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> Here <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.85396em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span> is used to index capsules in this layer, whilst <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.65952em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span></span></span></span> is used to index capsules in the layer below (previous). </p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">112</span> <span class="n">u_hat</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">einsum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ijnm,bin->bijm'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">u</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-12'>
|
||
<div class='docs'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-12'>#</a>
|
||
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|
||
<p>Initial logits <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.980548em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">ij</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> are the log prior probabilities that capsule <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.65952em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span></span></span></span> should be coupled with <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.85396em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span>. We initialize these at zero </p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">117</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">u</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new_zeros</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">u</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">in_caps</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">out_caps</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">118</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">119</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-13'>
|
||
<div class='docs'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-13'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Iterate </p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">122</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">iterations</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-14'>
|
||
<div class='docs'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-14'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>routing softmax <span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.716668em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">ij</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.41271em;vertical-align:-0.9857100000000001em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.427em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mop"><span class="mop op-symbol small-op" style="position:relative;top:-0.0000050000000000050004em;">∑</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.1863979999999999em;"><span style="top:-2.40029em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.29971000000000003em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mop">exp</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">ik</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mop">exp</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">ij</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9857100000000001em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">124</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">softmax</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-15'>
|
||
<div class='docs'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-15'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.730548em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.327674em;vertical-align:-1.277669em;"></span><span class="mop op-limits"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.0500050000000003em;"><span style="top:-1.872331em;margin-left:0em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.05em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.050005em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.05em;"></span><span><span class="mop op-symbol large-op">∑</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.277669em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">ij</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.70788em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord mathbf">u</span></span><span style="top:-3.01344em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.22222em;"><span class="mord">^</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.34480000000000005em;"><span style="top:-2.5198em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span><span class="mord mtight">∣</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3551999999999999em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">126</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">einsum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'bij,bijm->bjm'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">u_hat</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-16'>
|
||
<div class='docs'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-16'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.730548em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf" style="margin-right:0.01597em;">v</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.01597em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.036108em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">q</span><span class="mord mathnormal">u</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf">s</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span></span> </p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">128</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">squash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-17'>
|
||
<div class='docs'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-17'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.716668em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">ij</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.730558em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf" style="margin-right:0.01597em;">v</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.01597em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">⋅</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0630799999999998em;vertical-align:-0.3551999999999999em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.70788em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord mathbf">u</span></span><span style="top:-3.01344em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.22222em;"><span class="mord">^</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.34480000000000005em;"><span style="top:-2.5198em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span><span class="mord mtight">∣</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3551999999999999em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">130</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">einsum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'bjm,bijm->bij'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">u_hat</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-18'>
|
||
<div class='docs'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-18'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.980548em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">ij</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">←</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.980548em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">ij</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.730558em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf" style="margin-right:0.01597em;">v</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.01597em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">⋅</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0630799999999998em;vertical-align:-0.3551999999999999em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.70788em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord mathbf">u</span></span><span style="top:-3.01344em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="accent-body" style="left:-0.22222em;"><span class="mord">^</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.34480000000000005em;"><span style="top:-2.5198em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span><span class="mord mtight">∣</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3551999999999999em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">132</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">a</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">133</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">134</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">v</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-19'>
|
||
<div class='docs doc-strings'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-19'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2>Margin loss for class existence</h2>
|
||
<p>A separate margin loss is used for each output capsule and the total loss is the sum of them. The length of each output capsule is the probability that class is present in the input.</p>
|
||
<p>Loss for each output capsule or class <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span> is, <span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathcal">L</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.071331em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mop">max</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.821331em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">+</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.1141079999999999em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">∥</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf" style="margin-right:0.01597em;">v</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.01597em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">∥</span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">λ</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mop">max</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mopen">∥</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf" style="margin-right:0.01597em;">v</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.01597em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">∥</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.1141079999999999em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.821331em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">−</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
|
||
<p><span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> is <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span> if the class <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span> is present and <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span> otherwise. The first component of the loss is <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span> when the class is not present, and the second component is <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span> if the class is present. The <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mop">max</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span> is used to avoid predictions going to extremes. <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.771331em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.771331em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">+</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> is set to be <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">0.9</span></span></span></span> and <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.771331em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.771331em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">−</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> to be <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">0.1</span></span></span></span> in the paper.</p>
|
||
<p>The <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">λ</span></span></span></span> down-weighting is used to stop the length of all capsules from falling during the initial phase of training.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">137</span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MarginLoss</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Module</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-20'>
|
||
<div class='docs'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-20'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">157</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n_labels</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lambda_</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">float</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">m_positive</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">float</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.9</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">m_negative</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">float</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.1</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">158</span> <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">159</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">160</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">m_negative</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">m_negative</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">161</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">m_positive</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">m_positive</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">162</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lambda_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">lambda_</span>
|
||
<span class="lineno">163</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">n_labels</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">n_labels</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-21'>
|
||
<div class='docs doc-strings'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-21'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p> <code>v</code>
|
||
, <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.730548em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf" style="margin-right:0.01597em;">v</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.01597em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> are the squashed output capsules. This has shape <code>[batch_size, n_labels, n_features]</code>
|
||
; that is, there is a capsule for each label.</p>
|
||
<p><code>labels</code>
|
||
are the labels, and has shape <code>[batch_size]</code>
|
||
.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">165</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Tensor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">labels</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Tensor</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='section' id='section-22'>
|
||
<div class='docs'>
|
||
<div class='section-link'>
|
||
<a href='#section-22'>#</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.036108em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mopen">∥</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf" style="margin-right:0.01597em;">v</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.01597em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">∥</span></span></span></span></span> </p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">173</span> <span class="n">v_norm</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">**</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dim</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span></pre></div>
|
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<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathcal">L</span></span></span></span></span> <code>labels</code>
|
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is one-hot encoded labels of shape <code>[batch_size, n_labels]</code>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">177</span> <span class="n">labels</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">eye</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">n_labels</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">device</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">labels</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">device</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="n">labels</span><span class="p">]</span></pre></div>
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<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathcal">L</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.071331em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mop">max</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.821331em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">+</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.1141079999999999em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">∥</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf" style="margin-right:0.01597em;">v</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.01597em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">∥</span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">λ</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mop">max</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">0</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mopen">∥</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf" style="margin-right:0.01597em;">v</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.01597em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">∥</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.1141079999999999em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.821331em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">−</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <code>loss</code>
|
||
has shape <code>[batch_size, n_labels]</code>
|
||
. We have parallelized the computation of <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathcal">L</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> for for all <span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span>. </p>
|
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|
||
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|
||
<div class='code'>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">183</span> <span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">labels</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">relu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">m_positive</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">v_norm</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> \
|
||
<span class="lineno">184</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lambda_</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">labels</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">relu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v_norm</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">m_negative</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
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|
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|
||
<a href='#section-25'>#</a>
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|
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<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.3521180000000004em;vertical-align:-1.3021129999999999em;"></span><span class="mop op-limits"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.0500050000000005em;"><span style="top:-1.847887em;margin-left:0em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.05em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.050005em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.05em;"></span><span><span class="mop op-symbol large-op">∑</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.3021129999999999em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathcal">L</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p>
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">187</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">loss</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dim</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">()</span></pre></div>
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