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            <h1>Graph Attention Networks (GAT)</h1>
<p>This is a <a href="https://pytorch.org">PyTorch</a> implementation of the paper <a href="https://papers.labml.ai/paper/1710.10903">Graph Attention Networks</a>.</p>
<p>GATs work on graph data. A graph consists of nodes and edges connecting nodes. For example, in Cora dataset the nodes are research papers and the edges are citations that connect the papers.</p>
<p>GAT uses masked self-attention, kind of similar to <a href="../../transformers/mha.html">transformers</a>. GAT consists of graph attention layers stacked on top of each other. Each graph attention layer gets node embeddings as inputs and outputs transformed embeddings. The node embeddings pay attention to the embeddings of other nodes it&#x27;s connected to. The details of graph attention layers are included alongside the implementation.</p>
<p>Here is <a href="experiment.html">the training code</a> for training a two-layer GAT on Cora dataset.</p>
<p><a href="https://app.labml.ai/run/d6c636cadf3511eba2f1e707f612f95d"><img alt="View Run" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/labml-experiment-brightgreen"></a></p>

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            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">30</span><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">torch</span>
<span class="lineno">31</span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">torch</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">nn</span>
<span class="lineno">32</span>
<span class="lineno">33</span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">labml_helpers.module</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Module</span></pre></div>
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            <h2>Graph attention layer</h2>
<p>This is a single graph attention layer. A GAT is made up of multiple such layers.</p>
<p>It takes <span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqy" style=""><span class="mord mathbf" style="">h</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.46644em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">{</span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.21644em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.69444em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
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-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.26630799999999993em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="minner">…</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.255692em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.733692em;"><span style="top:-2.4064690000000004em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">N</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0448000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.29353099999999993em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.733692em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.29353099999999993em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">}</span></span></span></span></span>, where <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.532556em;vertical-align:-0.27686399999999994em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.255692em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.733692em;"><span style="top:-2.4231360000000004em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0448000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.27686399999999994em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.733692em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.27686399999999994em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">∈</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.94248em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbb">R</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.94248em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbe" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbf" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">F</span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8278285714285715em;"><span style="top:-2.931em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style="">′</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>.</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">36</span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">GraphAttentionLayer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Module</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-2'>
        <div class='docs doc-strings'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-2'>#</a>
            </div>
            <ul><li><code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">in_features</span></code>
, <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbf" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em">F</span></span></span></span></span>, is the number of input features per node </li>
<li><code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">out_features</span></code>
, <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.751892em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbe" style=""><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord coloredeq eqbf" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em">F</span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.751892em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style="">′</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>, is the number of output features per node </li>
<li><code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">n_heads</span></code>
, <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbg" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span></span></span></span></span>, is the number of attention heads </li>
<li><code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">is_concat</span></code>
 whether the multi-head results should be concatenated or averaged </li>
<li><code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">dropout</span></code>
 is the dropout probability </li>
<li><code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">leaky_relu_negative_slope</span></code>
 is the negative slope for leaky relu activation</li></ul>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">50</span>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">in_features</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out_features</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n_heads</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="lineno">51</span>                 <span class="n">is_concat</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="lineno">52</span>                 <span class="n">dropout</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">float</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="lineno">53</span>                 <span class="n">leaky_relu_negative_slope</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">float</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-3'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-3'>#</a>
            </div>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">62</span>        <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="lineno">63</span>
<span class="lineno">64</span>        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_concat</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">is_concat</span>
<span class="lineno">65</span>        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">n_heads</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">n_heads</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-4'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-4'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>Calculate the number of dimensions per head </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">68</span>        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_concat</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="lineno">69</span>            <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">out_features</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">n_heads</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-5'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-5'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>If we are concatenating the multiple heads </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">71</span>            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">n_hidden</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">out_features</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">n_heads</span>
<span class="lineno">72</span>        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-6'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-6'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>If we are averaging the multiple heads </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">74</span>            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">n_hidden</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">out_features</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-7'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-7'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>Linear layer for initial transformation; i.e. to transform the node embeddings before self-attention </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">78</span>        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">linear</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Linear</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">in_features</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">n_hidden</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">n_heads</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bias</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-8'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-8'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>Linear layer to compute attention score <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.716668em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbc" style=""><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">80</span>        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">attn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Linear</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">n_hidden</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bias</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-9'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-9'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>The activation for attention score <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.716668em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbc" style=""><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">82</span>        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">activation</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LeakyReLU</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">negative_slope</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">leaky_relu_negative_slope</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-10'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-10'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>Softmax to compute attention <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.716668em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqx" style=""><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.0037em">α</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.0037em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">84</span>        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">softmax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Softmax</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dim</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-11'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-11'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>Dropout layer to be applied for attention </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">86</span>        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dropout</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Dropout</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dropout</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-12'>
        <div class='docs doc-strings'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-12'>#</a>
            </div>
            <ul><li><code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">h</span></code>
, <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqy" style=""><span class="mord mathbf" style="">h</span></span></span></span></span> is the input node embeddings of shape <code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">n_nodes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">in_features</span><span class="p">]</span></code>
. </li>
<li><code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">adj_mat</span></code>
 is the adjacency matrix of shape <code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">n_nodes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n_nodes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n_heads</span><span class="p">]</span></code>
. We use shape <code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">n_nodes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n_nodes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span></code>
 since the adjacency is the same for each head.</li></ul>
<p>Adjacency matrix represent the edges (or connections) among nodes. <code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">adj_mat</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span></code>
 is <code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="kc">True</span></code>
 if there is an edge from node <code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">i</span></code>
 to node <code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">j</span></code>
.</p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">88</span>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Tensor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">adj_mat</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Tensor</span><span class="p">):</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-13'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-13'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>Number of nodes </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">99</span>        <span class="n">n_nodes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-14'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-14'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>The initial transformation, <span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.629772em;vertical-align:-0.27686399999999994em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.352908em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.830908em;"><span style="top:-2.4231360000000004em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0448000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbk" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.27686399999999994em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.830908em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.27686399999999994em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.3664399999999999em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbf" style="margin-right:0.01597em;">W</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8991079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbk" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqt" style=""><span class="mord accent" style=""><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.21644em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">h</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.69444em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> for each head. We do single linear transformation and then split it up for each head. </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">104</span>        <span class="n">g</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">linear</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n_nodes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">n_heads</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">n_hidden</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-15'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-15'>#</a>
            </div>
            <h4>Calculate attention score</h4>
<p>We calculate these for each head <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.69444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbk" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span></span></span></span></span>. <em>We have omitted <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.849108em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mbin">⋅</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.849108em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbk" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> for simplicity</em>.</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.716668em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbc" style=""><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.502548em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbh" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">a</span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathbf" style="margin-right:0.01597em;">W</span><span class="mord coloredeq eqt" style=""><span class="mord accent" style=""><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.21644em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">h</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.69444em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord mathbf" style="margin-right:0.01597em;">W</span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.21644em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.69444em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.238668em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbh" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">a</span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord coloredeq eqr" style=""><span class="mord accent" style=""><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqs" style=""><span class="mord accent" style=""><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.716668em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbc" style=""><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> is the attention score (importance) from node <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.85396em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span> to node <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.65952em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">i</span></span></span></span></span>. We calculate this for each head.</p>
<p><span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbh" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">a</span></span></span></span></span> is the attention mechanism, that calculates the attention score. The paper concatenates <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.147em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqr" style=""><span class="mord accent" style=""><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>, <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.238668em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqs" style=""><span class="mord accent" style=""><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> and does a linear transformation with a weight vector <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.5782em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbh" style=""><span class="mord mathbf" style="">a</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">∈</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.94248em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathbb">R</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.94248em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbe" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbf" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.13889em">F</span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8278285714285715em;"><span style="top:-2.931em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style="">′</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> followed by a <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8888799999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqv" style=""><span class="mord text" style=""><span class="mord" style="">Le</span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbh" style=""><span class="mord" style="">a</span></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbk" style=""><span class="mord" style="">k</span></span><span class="mord" style="">yReLU</span></span></span></span></span></span>.</p>
<p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.716668em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbc" style=""><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.80002em;vertical-align:-0.65002em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqv" style=""><span class="mord text" style=""><span class="mord" style="">Le</span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbh" style=""><span class="mord" style="">a</span></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbk" style=""><span class="mord" style="">k</span></span><span class="mord" style="">yReLU</span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="delimsizing size2">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord coloredeq eqbh" style=""><span class="mord mathbf" style="">a</span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8991079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">⊤</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="delimsizing size2">[</span></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqn" style=""><span class="mord coloredeq eqr" style=""><span class="mord accent" style=""><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord" style="">∥</span><span class="mord coloredeq eqs" style=""><span class="mord accent" style=""><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="delimsizing size2">]</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="delimsizing size2">)</span></span></span></span></span></span> </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-16'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-16'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>First we calculate <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.80002em;vertical-align:-0.65002em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="delimsizing size2">[</span></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqn" style=""><span class="mord coloredeq eqr" style=""><span class="mord accent" style=""><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord" style="">∥</span><span class="mord coloredeq eqs" style=""><span class="mord accent" style=""><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="delimsizing size2">]</span></span></span></span></span> for all pairs of <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.85396em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">i</span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span>.</p>
<p><code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">g_repeat</span></code>
 gets <span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.20256em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">{</span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="minner">…</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">N</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="minner">…</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">N</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord">...</span><span class="mclose">}</span></span></span></span></span> where each node embedding is repeated <code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">n_nodes</span></code>
 times. </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">135</span>        <span class="n">g_repeat</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">g</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">repeat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n_nodes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-17'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-17'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p><code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">g_repeat_interleave</span></code>
 gets <span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.20256em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">{</span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="minner">…</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="minner">…</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord">...</span><span class="mclose">}</span></span></span></span></span> where each node embedding is repeated <code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">n_nodes</span></code>
 times. </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">140</span>        <span class="n">g_repeat_interleave</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">g</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">repeat_interleave</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n_nodes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dim</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-18'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-18'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>Now we concatenate to get <span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.20256em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">{</span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord">∥</span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord">∥</span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="minner">…</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord">∥</span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">N</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord">∥</span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord">∥</span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="minner">…</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord">∥</span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">N</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord">...</span><span class="mclose">}</span></span></span></span></span> </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">148</span>        <span class="n">g_concat</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cat</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">g_repeat_interleave</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">g_repeat</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">dim</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-19'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-19'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>Reshape so that <code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">g_concat</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span></code>
 is <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.238668em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqn" style=""><span class="mord coloredeq eqr" style=""><span class="mord accent" style=""><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord" style="">∥</span><span class="mord coloredeq eqs" style=""><span class="mord accent" style=""><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">150</span>        <span class="n">g_concat</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">g_concat</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n_nodes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n_nodes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">n_heads</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">n_hidden</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-20'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-20'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>Calculate <span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.716668em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbc" style=""><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.80002em;vertical-align:-0.65002em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqv" style=""><span class="mord text" style=""><span class="mord" style="">Le</span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbh" style=""><span class="mord" style="">a</span></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbk" style=""><span class="mord" style="">k</span></span><span class="mord" style="">yReLU</span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="delimsizing size2">(</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord coloredeq eqbh" style=""><span class="mord mathbf" style="">a</span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8991079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">⊤</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="delimsizing size2">[</span></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqn" style=""><span class="mord coloredeq eqr" style=""><span class="mord accent" style=""><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.19444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord" style="">∥</span><span class="mord coloredeq eqs" style=""><span class="mord accent" style=""><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9525600000000001em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.43056em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="delimsizing size2">]</span></span><span class="mord"><span class="delimsizing size2">)</span></span></span></span></span></span> <code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="n">e</span></code>
 is of shape <code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">n_nodes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n_nodes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n_heads</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span></code>
 </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">158</span>        <span class="n">e</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">activation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">attn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">g_concat</span><span class="p">))</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-21'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-21'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>Remove the last dimension of size <code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="mi">1</span></code>
 </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">160</span>        <span class="n">e</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">squeeze</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-22'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-22'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>The adjacency matrix should have shape <code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">n_nodes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n_nodes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n_heads</span><span class="p">]</span></code>
 or<code class="highlight"><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">n_nodes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n_nodes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span></code>
 </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">164</span>        <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">adj_mat</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">adj_mat</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">n_nodes</span>
<span class="lineno">165</span>        <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">adj_mat</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">adj_mat</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">n_nodes</span>
<span class="lineno">166</span>        <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">adj_mat</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">adj_mat</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">n_heads</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-23'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-23'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>Mask <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.716668em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbc" style=""><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> based on adjacency matrix. <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.716668em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbc" style=""><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> is set to <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.66666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord">∞</span></span></span></span> if there is no edge from <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.65952em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">i</span></span></span></span></span> to <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.85396em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span>. </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">169</span>        <span class="n">e</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">masked_fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">adj_mat</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;-inf&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-24'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-24'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>We then normalize attention scores (or coefficients) <span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.716668em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqx" style=""><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.0037em">α</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.0037em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.036108em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord text"><span class="mord">softm</span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbh" style=""><span class="mord" style="">a</span></span><span class="mord">x</span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbc" style=""><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.51281em;vertical-align:-1.08581em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.427em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mop"><span class="mop op-symbol small-op" style="position:relative;top:-0.0000050000000000050004em;">∑</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.18639799999999995em;"><span style="top:-2.40029em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbk" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span></span><span class="mrel mtight">∈</span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqw" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mathcal mtight" style="margin-right:0.14736em">N</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3280857142857143em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.14736em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.39981em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mop">exp</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.33610799999999996em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbk" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mop">exp</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbc" style=""><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.08581em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>where <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqw" style=""><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathcal" style="margin-right:0.14736em">N</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.14736em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> is the set of nodes connected to <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.65952em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">i</span></span></span></span></span>.</p>
<p>We do this by setting unconnected <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.716668em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbc" style=""><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> to <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.66666em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord">∞</span></span></span></span> which makes <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.036108em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mop">exp</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord coloredeq eqbc" style=""><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">∼</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span> for unconnected pairs. </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">179</span>        <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">softmax</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-25'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-25'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>Apply dropout regularization </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">182</span>        <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dropout</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-26'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-26'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>Calculate final output for each head <span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.629772em;vertical-align:-0.27686399999999994em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.352908em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.830908em;"><span style="top:-2.4231360000000004em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0448000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbk" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.27686399999999994em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.830908em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.27686399999999994em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.783352em;vertical-align:-1.430444em;"></span><span class="mop op-limits"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.050005em;"><span style="top:-1.8556639999999998em;margin-left:0em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.05em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span><span class="mrel mtight">∈</span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqw" style=""><span class="mord mtight" style=""><span class="mord mathcal mtight" style="margin-right:0.14736em">N</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3280857142857143em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.14736em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0500049999999996em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.05em;"></span><span><span class="mop op-symbol large-op">∑</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.430444em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.0037em;">α</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.899108em;"><span style="top:-2.4530000000000003em;margin-left:-0.0037em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1130000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbk" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.383108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.352908em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.830908em;"><span style="top:-2.4231360000000004em;margin-left:-0.03588em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbj" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em">j</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0448000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbk" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.4129719999999999em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.830908em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.4129719999999999em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><em>Note:</em> The paper includes the final activation <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.43056em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">σ</span></span></span></span> in <span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.3664399999999999em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord coloredeq eqt" style=""><span class="mord accent" style=""><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.21644em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="">h</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style=""><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.69444em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> We have omitted this from the Graph Attention Layer implementation and use it on the GAT model to match with how other PyTorch modules are defined - activation as a separate layer. </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">191</span>        <span class="n">attn_res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">einsum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;ijh,jhf-&gt;ihf&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">g</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-27'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-27'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>Concatenate the heads </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">194</span>        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_concat</span><span class="p">:</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-28'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-28'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.532556em;vertical-align:-0.27686399999999994em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.255692em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.733692em;"><span style="top:-2.4231360000000004em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0448000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.27686399999999994em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.733692em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.27686399999999994em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:3.2929610000000005em;vertical-align:-1.299725em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="delimsizing mult"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.7620049999999998em;"><span style="top:-2.5660049999999996em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.8160299999999996em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size1"><span>∥</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1640049999999995em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.8160299999999996em;"></span><span style="height:1.8160299999999998em;width:0.556em;"><svg height="1.8160299999999998em" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin" style="width:0.556em" viewbox="0 0 556 1816" width="0.556em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M145 0 H188 V1816 H145z M145 0 H188 V1816 H145zM367 0 H410 V1816 H367z M367 0 H410 V1816 H367z"></path></svg></span></span><span style="top:-4.972035em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.8160299999999996em;"></span><span class="delimsizinginner delim-size1"><span>∥</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.250025em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.9932360000000005em;"><span style="top:-1.4002750000000002em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbk" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span></span><span class="mrel mtight">=</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-4.214905000000001em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbg" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.299725em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.352908em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.830908em;"><span style="top:-2.4231360000000004em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0448000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbk" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.27686399999999994em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.830908em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.27686399999999994em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">196</span>            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">attn_res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reshape</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n_nodes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">n_heads</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">n_hidden</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-29'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-29'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p>Take the mean of the heads </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">198</span>        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span></pre></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='section' id='section-30'>
        <div class='docs'>
            <div class='section-link'>
                <a href='#section-30'>#</a>
            </div>
            <p><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span aria-hidden="true" class="katex-html"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.532556em;vertical-align:-0.27686399999999994em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.255692em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.733692em;"><span style="top:-2.4231360000000004em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0448000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.27686399999999994em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.733692em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.27686399999999994em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:3.1304490000000005em;vertical-align:-1.302113em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.32144em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord coloredeq eqbg" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mop op-limits"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.8283360000000002em;"><span style="top:-1.8478869999999998em;margin-left:0em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.05em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbk" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span></span><span class="mrel mtight">=</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0500049999999996em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.05em;"></span><span><span class="mop op-symbol large-op">∑</span></span></span><span style="top:-4.300005em;margin-left:0em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.05em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbg" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em">K</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.302113em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.16666666666666666em;"></span><span class="mord accent"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.352908em;"><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.830908em;"><span style="top:-2.4231360000000004em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbi" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="">i</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.0448000000000004em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span><span class="mord mtight coloredeq eqbk" style=""><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right:0.03148em">k</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.27686399999999994em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="svg-align" style="top:-3.830908em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="height:0.522em;min-width:0.888em;"><svg height="0.522em" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin slice" viewbox="0 0 400000 522" width="400em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 241v40h399891c-47.3 35.3-84 78-110 128
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
 11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
 39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
 151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.27686399999999994em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </p>

        </div>
        <div class='code'>
            <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="lineno">200</span>            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">attn_res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dim</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span></pre></div>
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