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<h1><a href="https://nn.labml.ai/transformers/switch/index.html">开关变压器</a></h1>
<p>这是纸质《<a href="https://papers.labml.ai/paper/2101.03961">开关变形金刚：以简单高效的稀疏度扩展到万亿个参数模型》的</a>微型 <a href="https://pytorch.org">PyTorch</a> 实现。我们的实现只有几百万个参数，不对并行分布式训练进行建模。它进行单个 GPU 训练，但我们实现了论文中描述的切换概念。</p>
<p>Switch Transformer 通过根据令牌在参数之间切换，为每个令牌使用不同的参数。因此，只为每个代币选择了一小部分参数。因此，您可以拥有更多参数，但计算成本更低。</p>
<p>切换发生在每个变压器模块的位置前馈网络 (FFN) 上。位置前馈网络由两个按顺序完全连接的层组成。在交换机变压器中，我们有多个 FFN（多位专家），我们根据路由器选择使用哪一个。输出是一组用于选择 FFN 的概率，我们选择概率最高的概率，然后仅对其进行评估。因此，从本质上讲，计算成本与拥有单个 FFN 相同。在我们的实现中，当你有许多或大型 FFN 时，这种并行化效果不佳，因为这一切都发生在单个 GPU 上。在分布式设置中，你会将每个 FFN（每个都很大）放在不同的设备上。</p>
<p>本文引入了另一个损失术语来平衡专家（FFN）之间的负载，并讨论了路由不平衡时丢弃代币的问题。</p>
<p>这是<a href="experiment.html">训练代码和一本</a>用于在 Tiny Shakespeare 数据集上训练开关变压器的笔记本。</p>
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