fix(components): include mode classes on components for use in shadow (#17838)

- removes mode-less component classes from the internal CSS, use element instead
- adds mode specific classes `md` or `ios` for styling inside of shadow components
- adds e2e test that verifies mode classes exist on all ionic components, plus checks for specific classes that the components need for internal styling

fixes #17608

core/src/components/segment/segment.tsx

@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ export class Segment implements ComponentInterface {
     return {
       class: {
         ...createColorClasses(this.color),
+        [`${this.mode}`]: true,
         'segment-disabled': this.disabled,
         'segment-scrollable': this.scrollable
       }