fix(components): include mode classes on components for use in shadow (#17838)

- removes mode-less component classes from the internal CSS, use element instead
- adds mode specific classes `md` or `ios` for styling inside of shadow components
- adds e2e test that verifies mode classes exist on all ionic components, plus checks for specific classes that the components need for internal styling

fixes #17608

core/src/components/progress-bar/progress-bar.tsx

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ export class ProgressBar implements ComponentInterface {
       'aria-valuemax': 1,
       class: {
         ...createColorClasses(color),
+        [`${this.mode}`]: true,
         [`progress-bar-${type}`]: true,
         'progress-paused': paused,
         'progress-bar-reversed': document.dir === 'rtl' ? !reversed : reversed