fix(select): fix a11y issues with axe and screen readers (#22494)

fixes #21552 fixes #21548

core/src/components/select/select.scss

@@ -50,8 +50,18 @@
   opacity: var(--placeholder-opacity);
 }
 
-button {
+label {
   @include input-cover();
+
+  display: flex;
+
+  align-items: center;
+
+  opacity: 0;
+}
+
+button {
+  @include visually-hidden();
 }
 
 .select-icon {

core/src/components/select/select.tsx

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { Component, ComponentInterface, Element, Event, EventEmitter, Host, Meth
 
 import { getIonMode } from '../../global/ionic-global';
 import { ActionSheetButton, ActionSheetOptions, AlertInput, AlertOptions, CssClassMap, OverlaySelect, PopoverOptions, SelectChangeEventDetail, SelectInterface, SelectPopoverOption, StyleEventDetail } from '../../interface';
-import { findItemLabel, renderHiddenInput } from '../../utils/helpers';
+import { findItemLabel, getAriaLabel, renderHiddenInput } from '../../utils/helpers';
 import { actionSheetController, alertController, popoverController } from '../../utils/overlays';
 import { hostContext } from '../../utils/theme';
 import { watchForOptions } from '../../utils/watch-options';
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ export class Select implements ComponentInterface {
   private inputId = `ion-sel-${selectIds++}`;
   private overlay?: OverlaySelect;
   private didInit = false;
-  private buttonEl?: HTMLButtonElement;
+  private focusEl?: HTMLButtonElement;
   private mutationO?: MutationObserver;
 
   @Element() el!: HTMLIonSelectElement;
@@ -403,8 +403,8 @@ export class Select implements ComponentInterface {
   }
 
   private setFocus() {
-    if (this.buttonEl) {
-      this.buttonEl.focus();
+    if (this.focusEl) {
+      this.focusEl.focus();
     }
   }
 
@@ -420,6 +420,9 @@ export class Select implements ComponentInterface {
   }
 
   private onClick = (ev: UIEvent) => {
+    ev.preventDefault();
+    ev.stopPropagation();
+
     this.setFocus();
     this.open(ev);
   }
@@ -432,23 +435,21 @@ export class Select implements ComponentInterface {
   }
 
   render() {
-    const { placeholder, name, disabled, isExpanded, value, el } = this;
+    const { disabled, el, inputId, isExpanded, name, placeholder, value } = this;
     const mode = getIonMode(this);
-    const labelId = this.inputId + '-lbl';
-    const label = findItemLabel(el);
-    if (label) {
-      label.id = labelId;
-    }
+    const { labelText, labelId } = getAriaLabel(el, inputId);
+
+    renderHiddenInput(true, el, name, parseValue(value), disabled);
+
+    const displayValue = this.getText();
 
     let addPlaceholderClass = false;
-    let selectText = this.getText();
+    let selectText = displayValue;
     if (selectText === '' && placeholder != null) {
       selectText = placeholder;
       addPlaceholderClass = true;
     }
 
-    renderHiddenInput(true, el, name, parseValue(value), disabled);
-
     const selectTextClasses: CssClassMap = {
       'select-text': true,
       'select-placeholder': addPlaceholderClass
@@ -456,14 +457,20 @@ export class Select implements ComponentInterface {
 
     const textPart = addPlaceholderClass ? 'placeholder' : 'text';
 
+    // If there is a label then we need to concatenate it with the
+    // current value and a comma so it separates nicely when the screen reader
+    // announces it, otherwise just announce the value
+    const displayLabel = labelText !== undefined
+      ? `${displayValue}, ${labelText}`
+      : displayValue;
+
     return (
       <Host
         onClick={this.onClick}
-        role="listbox"
-        aria-haspopup="dialog"
+        role="button"
+        aria-haspopup="listbox"
         aria-disabled={disabled ? 'true' : null}
-        aria-expanded={`${isExpanded}`}
-        aria-labelledby={labelId}
+        aria-label={displayLabel}
         class={{
           [mode]: true,
           'in-item': hostContext('ion-item', el),
@@ -476,14 +483,20 @@ export class Select implements ComponentInterface {
         <div class="select-icon" role="presentation" part="icon">
           <div class="select-icon-inner"></div>
         </div>
+        <label id={labelId}>
+          {displayLabel}
+        </label>
         <button
           type="button"
+          disabled={disabled}
+          id={inputId}
+          aria-labelledby={labelId}
+          aria-haspopup="listbox"
+          aria-expanded={`${isExpanded}`}
           onFocus={this.onFocus}
           onBlur={this.onBlur}
-          disabled={disabled}
-          ref={(btnEl => this.buttonEl = btnEl)}
-        >
-        </button>
+          ref={(focusEl => this.focusEl = focusEl)}
+        ></button>
       </Host>
     );
   }

core/src/components/select/test/a11y/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
+
+<head>
+  <meta charset="UTF-8">
+  <title>Select - a11y</title>
+  <meta name="viewport"
+    content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
+  <link href="../../../../../css/ionic.bundle.css" rel="stylesheet">
+  <link href="../../../../../scripts/testing/styles.css" rel="stylesheet">
+  <script src="../../../../../scripts/testing/scripts.js"></script>
+  <script nomodule src="../../../../../dist/ionic/ionic.js"></script>
+  <script type="module" src="../../../../../dist/ionic/ionic.esm.js"></script>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+  <ion-app>
+
+    <ion-header>
+      <ion-toolbar>
+        <ion-title>Select - a11y</ion-title>
+      </ion-toolbar>
+    </ion-header>
+
+    <ion-content class="outer-content">
+      <ion-list>
+        <ion-list-header>
+          <ion-label>
+            Native Select
+          </ion-label>
+        </ion-list-header>
+
+        <div class="native-select-wrapper">
+          <label for="pet-select">Choose a Pet</label>
+
+          <select name="pets" id="pet-select">
+            <option value="dog">Dog</option>
+            <option value="cat">Cat</option>
+            <option value="hamster">Hamster</option>
+            <option value="parrot">Parrot</option>
+            <option value="spider">Spider</option>
+            <option value="goldfish">Goldfish</option>
+          </select>
+        </div>
+      </ion-list>
+
+      <ion-list>
+        <ion-list-header>
+          <ion-label>
+            Default Ionic Select
+          </ion-label>
+        </ion-list-header>
+
+        <ion-item>
+          <ion-label>Choose a Pet</ion-label>
+
+          <ion-select>
+            <ion-select-option value="dog">Dog</ion-select-option>
+            <ion-select-option value="cat">Cat</ion-select-option>
+            <ion-select-option value="hamster">Hamster</ion-select-option>
+            <ion-select-option value="parrot">Parrot</ion-select-option>
+            <ion-select-option value="spider">Spider</ion-select-option>
+            <ion-select-option value="goldfish">Goldfish</ion-select-option>
+          </ion-select>
+        </ion-item>
+      </ion-list>
+
+      <ion-list>
+        <ion-list-header>
+          <ion-label>
+            Custom Label Ionic Select
+          </ion-label>
+        </ion-list-header>
+
+        <ion-item>
+          <label for="ionic-select">Choose a Pet</label>
+
+          <ion-select id="ionic-select">
+            <ion-select-option value="dog">Dog</ion-select-option>
+            <ion-select-option value="cat">Cat</ion-select-option>
+            <ion-select-option value="hamster">Hamster</ion-select-option>
+            <ion-select-option value="parrot">Parrot</ion-select-option>
+            <ion-select-option value="spider">Spider</ion-select-option>
+            <ion-select-option value="goldfish">Goldfish</ion-select-option>
+          </ion-select>
+        </ion-item>
+      </ion-list>
+
+      <ion-list>
+        <ion-list-header>
+          <ion-label>
+            Popover Ionic Select
+          </ion-label>
+        </ion-list-header>
+
+        <ion-item>
+          <ion-label>Choose a Pet</ion-label>
+
+          <ion-select interface="popover">
+            <ion-select-option value="dog">Dog</ion-select-option>
+            <ion-select-option value="cat">Cat</ion-select-option>
+            <ion-select-option value="hamster">Hamster</ion-select-option>
+            <ion-select-option value="parrot">Parrot</ion-select-option>
+            <ion-select-option value="spider">Spider</ion-select-option>
+            <ion-select-option value="goldfish">Goldfish</ion-select-option>
+          </ion-select>
+        </ion-item>
+      </ion-list>
+
+      <ion-list>
+        <ion-list-header>
+          <ion-label>
+            Action Sheet Ionic Select
+          </ion-label>
+        </ion-list-header>
+
+        <ion-item>
+          <ion-label>Choose a Pet</ion-label>
+
+          <ion-select interface="action-sheet">
+            <ion-select-option value="dog">Dog</ion-select-option>
+            <ion-select-option value="cat">Cat</ion-select-option>
+            <ion-select-option value="hamster">Hamster</ion-select-option>
+            <ion-select-option value="parrot">Parrot</ion-select-option>
+            <ion-select-option value="spider">Spider</ion-select-option>
+            <ion-select-option value="goldfish">Goldfish</ion-select-option>
+          </ion-select>
+        </ion-item>
+      </ion-list>
+
+
+    </ion-content>
+
+    <style>
+      .native-select-wrapper {
+        display: flex;
+
+        padding: 16px;
+      }
+
+      label {
+        flex: 1;
+      }
+    </style>
+
+    <script>
+
+    </script>
+  </ion-app>
+</body>
+
+</html>

core/src/utils/helpers.ts

@@ -124,11 +124,15 @@ export const getAriaLabel = (componentEl: HTMLElement, inputId: string): { label
   // we should use that instead of looking for an ion-label
   const labelledBy = componentEl.getAttribute('aria-labelledby');
 
-  const labelId = labelledBy !== null
+  // Grab the id off of the component in case they are using
+  // a custom label using the label element
+  const componentId = componentEl.id;
+
+  let labelId = labelledBy !== null
     ? labelledBy
     : inputId + '-lbl';
 
-  const label = labelledBy !== null
+  let label = labelledBy !== null && labelledBy.trim() !== ''
     ? document.querySelector(`#${labelledBy}`)
     : findItemLabel(componentEl);
 
@@ -139,6 +143,16 @@ export const getAriaLabel = (componentEl: HTMLElement, inputId: string): { label
 
     labelText = label.textContent;
     label.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'true');
+
+  // if there is no label, check to see if the user has provided
+  // one by setting an id on the component and using the label element
+  } else if (componentId.trim() !== '') {
+    label = document.querySelector(`label[for=${componentId}]`);
+
+    if (label) {
+      label.id = labelId = `${componentId}-lbl`;
+      labelText = label.textContent;
+    }
   }
 
   return { label, labelId, labelText };