diff --git a/packages/components/table/__tests__/table-column.test.ts b/packages/components/table/__tests__/table-column.test.ts
index 3a426af548..a5449f8edf 100644
--- a/packages/components/table/__tests__/table-column.test.ts
+++ b/packages/components/table/__tests__/table-column.test.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,12 @@ import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
 import triggerEvent from '@element-plus/test-utils/trigger-event'
 import ElTable from '../src/table.vue'
 import ElTableColumn from '../src/table-column'
-import { doubleWait, getTestData, mount } from './table-test-common'
+import {
+  doubleWait,
+  getMutliRowTestData,
+  getTestData,
+  mount,
+} from './table-test-common'
 
 vi.mock('lodash-unified', async () => {
   return {
@@ -424,6 +429,119 @@ describe('table column', () => {
           selectionKeys = getSelection().map((item) => item.id)
           expect(selectionKeys).toEqual([0, 1])
         })
+
+        it('reserve selection', async () => {
+          const wrapper = mount({
+            components: {
+              ElTable,
+              ElTableColumn,
+            },
+            template: `
+              <el-table
+                :data="testData"
+                row-key="id"
+                default-expand-all
+              >
+                <el-table-column type="selection" reserve-selection />
+                <el-table-column prop="name" label="name" />
+                <el-table-column prop="release" label="release" />
+                <el-table-column prop="director" label="director" />
+                <el-table-column prop="runtime" label="runtime" />
+              </el-table>
+            `,
+            data() {
+              return { testData: [] }
+            },
+            created() {
+              this.updateTestData(1)
+            },
+            methods: {
+              getTestData(page) {
+                switch (page) {
+                  case 1: {
+                    const data = getTestData()
+                    data[1].children = [
+                      {
+                        id: 21,
+                        name: "A Bug's Life copy 1",
+                        release: '1998-11-25-1',
+                        director: 'John Lasseter',
+                        runtime: 95,
+                      },
+                      {
+                        id: 22,
+                        name: "A Bug's Life copy 2",
+                        release: '1998-11-25-2',
+                        director: 'John Lasseter',
+                        runtime: 95,
+                      },
+                    ]
+                    return data
+                  }
+                  case 2: {
+                    return getMutliRowTestData()
+                  }
+                }
+                return []
+              },
+              updateTestData(page) {
+                this.testData = this.getTestData(page)
+              },
+            },
+          })
+
+          await doubleWait()
+
+          wrapper.findAll('.el-checkbox')[1].trigger('click')
+          await doubleWait()
+          expect(wrapper.findAll('.el-checkbox.is-checked')).toHaveLength(1)
+          expect(wrapper.findAll('.el-checkbox')[1].classes()).include(
+            'is-checked'
+          )
+
+          wrapper.vm.updateTestData(2)
+          await doubleWait()
+          expect(wrapper.findAll('.el-checkbox.is-checked')).toHaveLength(0)
+
+          wrapper.vm.updateTestData(1)
+          await doubleWait()
+          expect(wrapper.findAll('.el-checkbox.is-checked')).toHaveLength(1)
+          expect(wrapper.findAll('.el-checkbox')[1].classes()).include(
+            'is-checked'
+          )
+
+          wrapper.findAll('.el-checkbox')[1].trigger('click')
+          await doubleWait()
+          expect(wrapper.findAll('.el-checkbox.is-checked')).toHaveLength(0)
+
+          // test children
+
+          wrapper.findAll('.el-checkbox')[3].trigger('click')
+          await doubleWait()
+          expect(wrapper.findAll('.el-checkbox.is-checked')).toHaveLength(1)
+          expect(wrapper.findAll('.el-checkbox')[3].classes()).include(
+            'is-checked'
+          )
+
+          wrapper.vm.updateTestData(2)
+          await doubleWait()
+          expect(wrapper.findAll('.el-checkbox.is-checked')).toHaveLength(0)
+
+          wrapper.vm.updateTestData(1)
+          await doubleWait()
+          expect(wrapper.findAll('.el-checkbox.is-checked')).toHaveLength(1)
+          expect(wrapper.findAll('.el-checkbox')[3].classes()).include(
+            'is-checked'
+          )
+
+          // #20987
+
+          wrapper.findAll('.el-checkbox')[3].trigger('click')
+          await doubleWait()
+          expect(wrapper.findAll('.el-checkbox.is-checked')).toHaveLength(0)
+
+          wrapper.unmount()
+        })
       })
 
       describe('= index', () => {
diff --git a/packages/components/table/src/store/expand.ts b/packages/components/table/src/store/expand.ts
index 977b1d66a2..6e1a42b3e0 100644
--- a/packages/components/table/src/store/expand.ts
+++ b/packages/components/table/src/store/expand.ts
@@ -32,7 +32,15 @@ function useExpand<T>(watcherData: WatcherPropsData<T>) {
   }
 
   const toggleRowExpansion = (row: T, expanded?: boolean) => {
-    const changed = toggleRowStatus(expandRows.value, row, expanded)
+    const changed = toggleRowStatus(
+      expandRows.value,
+      row,
+      expanded,
+      undefined,
+      undefined,
+      undefined,
+      watcherData.rowKey.value
+    )
     if (changed) {
       instance.emit('expand-change', row, expandRows.value.slice())
     }
diff --git a/packages/components/table/src/store/watcher.ts b/packages/components/table/src/store/watcher.ts
index 97b8c934c4..aec03d0cbc 100644
--- a/packages/components/table/src/store/watcher.ts
+++ b/packages/components/table/src/store/watcher.ts
@@ -237,7 +237,8 @@ function useWatcher<T>() {
       selected,
       treeProps,
       ignoreSelectable ? undefined : selectable.value,
-      data.value.indexOf(row)
+      data.value.indexOf(row),
+      rowKey.value
     )
     if (changed) {
       const newSelection = (selection.value || []).slice()
@@ -275,7 +276,8 @@ function useWatcher<T>() {
           value,
           treeProps,
           selectable.value,
-          rowIndex
+          rowIndex,
+          rowKey
         )
       ) {
         selectionChanged = true
diff --git a/packages/components/table/src/util.ts b/packages/components/table/src/util.ts
index ab028b2f78..8dddba7a11 100644
--- a/packages/components/table/src/util.ts
+++ b/packages/components/table/src/util.ts
@@ -292,11 +292,24 @@ export function toggleRowStatus<T>(
   newVal?: boolean,
   tableTreeProps?: TreeProps,
   selectable?: (row: T, index?: number) => boolean,
-  rowIndex?: number
+  rowIndex?: number,
+  rowKey?: string
 ): boolean {
   let _rowIndex = rowIndex ?? 0
   let changed = false
-  const index = statusArr.indexOf(row)
+
+  const getIndex = () => {
+    if (!rowKey) {
+      return statusArr.indexOf(row)
+    }
+
+    const id = getRowIdentity(row, rowKey)
+
+    return statusArr.findIndex((item) => getRowIdentity(item, rowKey) === id)
+  }
+
+  const index = getIndex()
+
   const included = index !== -1
   const isRowSelectable = selectable?.call(null, row, _rowIndex)
 
@@ -344,7 +357,8 @@ export function toggleRowStatus<T>(
         newVal ?? !included,
         tableTreeProps,
         selectable,
-        _rowIndex + 1
+        _rowIndex + 1,
+        rowKey
       )
       _rowIndex += getChildrenCount(item) + 1
       if (childChanged) {