respectCamera and respectViewport proposal: coordinate system enum (#1167)

* Coordinate system

* Fixess

* .

* .

* Fix tests

* Rename CoordinateSystem to PositioningType

* Update docs for PositioningType

* Use switch instead of if-else

* PositioningType -> PositionType

* Don't do unnecessary transforms

* Added tests for PositionType.widget

* Update doc/components.md

Co-authored-by: Luan Nico <luanpotter27@gmail.com>

* Added PositionType tests

Co-authored-by: Lukas Klingsbo <me@lukas.fyi>
Co-authored-by: Lukas Klingsbo <lukas.klingsbo@gmail.com>

doc/components.md

@@ -114,6 +114,26 @@ void update(double dt) {
 }
 ```
 
+### Positioning types
+If you want to create a HUD (Head-up display) or another component that isn't positioned in relation
+to the game coordinates, you can change the `PositionType` of the component.
+The default `PositionType` is `positionType = PositionType.game` and that can be changed to
+either `PositionType.viewport` or `PositionType.widget` depending on how you want to position
+the component.
+
+ - `PositionType.game` (Default) - Respects camera and viewport.
+ - `PositionType.viewport` - Respects viewport only (ignores camera).
+ - `PositionType.widget` - Position in relation to the coordinate system of the Flutter game
+   widget (i.e. the raw canvas).
+
+Most of your components will probably be positioned according to `PositionType.game`, since you
+want them to respect the `Camera` and the `Viewport`. But quite often you want for example buttons
+and text to always show on the screen, no matter if you move the camera, then you want to use
+`PositionType.viewport`. In some rare cases you want to use `PositionType.widget` to position
+your widgets, when you don't want the component to respect the camera nor the viewport; this could
+for example be for controls or joysticks that would be unergonomic to use if they had to stay within
+the viewport.
+
 ## PositionComponent
 
 This class represent a positioned object on the screen, being a floating rectangle or a rotating

examples/lib/stories/input/joystick_advanced_example.dart

@@ -163,11 +163,11 @@ class JoystickAdvancedExample extends FlameGame
     speedText = TextComponent(
       text: 'Speed: 0',
       textRenderer: _regular,
-    )..respectCamera = false;
+    )..positionType = PositionType.viewport;
     directionText = TextComponent(
       text: 'Direction: idle',
       textRenderer: _regular,
-    )..respectCamera = false;
+    )..positionType = PositionType.viewport;
 
     final speedWithMargin = HudMarginComponent(
       margin: const EdgeInsets.only(

packages/flame/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@
  - Introduce `updateTree` to follow the `renderTree` convention
  - Fix `Parallax.load` with different loading times
  - Fix render order of components and add tests
- - `isHud` renamed to `respectCamera`
  - Fix `HitboxCircle` when component is flipped
  - `MoveAlongPathEffect` can now be absolute, and can auto-orient the object along the path
  - `ScaleEffect.by` now applies multiplicatively instead of additively
+ - `isHud` replaced with `PositionType`
  - Remove web fallback for `drawAtlas` in SpriteBatch, but added flag `useAtlas` to activate it
 
 ## [1.0.0-releasecandidate.18]

packages/flame/lib/components.dart

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ export 'src/components/nine_tile_box_component.dart';
 export 'src/components/parallax_component.dart';
 export 'src/components/particle_component.dart';
 export 'src/components/position_component.dart';
+export 'src/components/positioning_type.dart';
 export 'src/components/shape_component.dart';
 export 'src/components/sprite_animation_component.dart';
 export 'src/components/sprite_animation_group_component.dart';

packages/flame/lib/src/components/component.dart

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import '../../input.dart';
 import '../extensions/vector2.dart';
 import '../game/mixins/loadable.dart';
 import 'cache/value_cache.dart';
+import 'positioning_type.dart';
 
 /// This represents a Component for your game.
 ///
@@ -18,15 +19,12 @@ import 'cache/value_cache.dart';
 /// called automatically once the component is added to the component tree in
 /// your game (with `game.add`).
 class Component with Loadable {
-  /// Whether this component should respect the camera or not.
-  ///
-  /// Components that have this property set to false will ignore the
-  /// `FlameGame.camera` when rendered (so their position coordinates are
-  /// considered relative only to the viewport instead).
+  /// What coordinate system this component should respect (i.e. should it
+  /// observe camera, viewport, or use the raw canvas).
   ///
   /// Do note that this currently only works if the component is added directly
   /// to the root `FlameGame`.
-  bool respectCamera = true;
+  PositionType positionType = PositionType.game;
 
   /// Whether this component has been prepared and is ready to be added to the
   /// game loop.
@@ -157,9 +155,14 @@ class Component with Loadable {
 
   @protected
   Vector2 eventPosition(PositionInfo info) {
-    return respectCamera
-        ? info.eventPosition.game
-        : info.eventPosition.viewportOnly;
+    switch (positionType) {
+      case PositionType.game:
+        return info.eventPosition.game;
+      case PositionType.viewport:
+        return info.eventPosition.viewport;
+      case PositionType.widget:
+        return info.eventPosition.widget;
+    }
   }
 
   /// Remove the component from its parent in the next tick.

packages/flame/lib/src/components/input/hud_margin_component.dart

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import 'package:meta/meta.dart';
 import '../../../components.dart';
 import '../../../extensions.dart';
 import '../../../game.dart';
+import '../positioning_type.dart';
 
 /// The [HudMarginComponent] positions itself by a margin to the edge of the
 /// screen instead of by an absolute position on the screen or on the game, so
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ import '../../../game.dart';
 class HudMarginComponent<T extends FlameGame> extends PositionComponent
     with HasGameRef<T> {
   @override
-  bool respectCamera = false;
+  PositionType positionType = PositionType.viewport;
 
   /// Instead of setting a position of the [HudMarginComponent] a margin
   /// from the edges of the viewport can be used instead.

packages/flame/lib/src/components/positioning_type.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/// Used to define which coordinate system a given top-level component respects.
+///
+/// Normally components live in the "game" coordinate system, which just means
+/// they respect both the camera and viewport.
+enum PositionType {
+  /// Default type. Respects camera and viewport (applied on top of widget).
+  game,
+
+  /// Respects viewport only (ignores camera) (applied on top of widget).
+  viewport,
+
+  /// Position in relation to the coordinate system of the Flutter game widget
+  /// (i.e. the raw canvas).
+  widget,
+}

packages/flame/lib/src/game/camera/camera.dart

@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ import '../projector.dart';
 ///
 /// Note: in the context of the FlameGame, the camera effectively translates
 /// the position where components are rendered with relation to the Viewport.
-/// Components marked as `respectCamera = false` are always rendered in screen
-/// coordinates, bypassing the camera altogether.
+/// Components marked as `positionType = PositionType.viewport;` are
+/// always rendered in screen coordinates, bypassing the camera altogether.
 class Camera extends Projector {
   Camera() : _viewport = DefaultViewport() {
     _combinedProjector = Projector.compose([this, _viewport]);

packages/flame/lib/src/game/camera/camera_wrapper.dart

@@ -22,24 +22,32 @@ class CameraWrapper {
   }
 
   void render(Canvas canvas) {
-    camera.viewport.render(canvas, (_canvas) {
-      var hasCamera = false; // so we don't apply unnecessary transformations
-      world.forEach((component) {
-        if (component.respectCamera && !hasCamera) {
-          canvas.save();
-          camera.apply(canvas);
-          hasCamera = true;
-        } else if (!component.respectCamera && hasCamera) {
+    PositionType? _previousType;
+    canvas.save();
+    world.forEach((component) {
+      final sameType = component.positionType == _previousType;
+      if (!sameType) {
+        if (_previousType != null && _previousType != PositionType.widget) {
           canvas.restore();
-          hasCamera = false;
+          canvas.save();
+        }
+        switch (component.positionType) {
+          case PositionType.game:
+            camera.viewport.apply(canvas);
+            camera.apply(canvas);
+            break;
+          case PositionType.viewport:
+            camera.viewport.apply(canvas);
+            break;
+          case PositionType.widget:
         }
-        canvas.save();
-        component.renderTree(canvas);
-        canvas.restore();
-      });
-      if (hasCamera) {
-        canvas.restore();
       }
+      component.renderTree(canvas);
+      _previousType = component.positionType;
     });
+
+    if (_previousType != PositionType.widget) {
+      canvas.restore();
+    }
   }
 }

packages/flame/lib/src/game/camera/viewport.dart

@@ -52,9 +52,18 @@ abstract class Viewport extends Projector {
   /// size changes.
   void resize(Vector2 newCanvasSize);
 
+  /// Applies to the Canvas all necessary transformations to apply this
+  /// viewport.
+  void apply(Canvas c);
+
   /// This transforms the canvas so that the coordinate system is viewport-
   /// -aware. All your rendering logic should be put inside the lambda.
-  void render(Canvas c, void Function(Canvas c) renderGame);
+  void render(Canvas c, void Function(Canvas) renderGame) {
+    c.save();
+    apply(c);
+    renderGame(c);
+    c.restore();
+  }
 
   /// This returns the effective size, after viewport transformation.
   /// This is not the game widget size but for all intents and purposes,
@@ -75,9 +84,7 @@ abstract class Viewport extends Projector {
 /// This basically no-ops the viewport.
 class DefaultViewport extends Viewport {
   @override
-  void render(Canvas c, void Function(Canvas c) renderGame) {
-    renderGame(c);
-  }
+  void apply(Canvas c) {}
 
   @override
   void resize(Vector2 newCanvasSize) {
@@ -122,7 +129,7 @@ class DefaultViewport extends Viewport {
 /// transformation whatsoever, and if the a device with a different ratio is
 /// used it will try to adapt the best as possible.
 class FixedResolutionViewport extends Viewport {
-  /// By default, the viewport will clip anything rendered outside.
+  /// By default, this viewport will clip anything rendered outside.
   /// Use this variable to control that behaviour.
   bool noClip;
 
@@ -171,14 +178,11 @@ class FixedResolutionViewport extends Viewport {
   }
 
   @override
-  void render(Canvas c, void Function(Canvas) renderGame) {
-    c.save();
+  void apply(Canvas c) {
     if (!noClip) {
       c.clipRect(_clipRect);
     }
     c.transform(_transform.storage);
-    renderGame(c);
-    c.restore();
   }
 
   @override

packages/flame/lib/src/game/mixins/game.dart

@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ mixin Game on Loadable {
   Projector projector = IdentityProjector();
 
   /// This is the projector used by components that don't respect the camera
-  /// (`respectCamera = false`).
+  /// (`positionType = PositionType.viewport;`).
   /// This can be overridden on your [Game] implementation.
   Projector viewportProjector = IdentityProjector();
 

packages/flame/lib/src/gestures/events.dart

@@ -3,11 +3,17 @@ import 'package:flutter/gestures.dart';
 import '../../extensions.dart';
 import '../game/mixins/game.dart';
 
-/// [EventPosition] converts position based events to three different coordinate systems (global, local and game).
+/// [EventPosition] converts position based events to three different coordinate
+/// systems (global, local and game).
 ///
-/// global: coordinate system relative to the entire app; same as `globalPosition` in Flutter
-/// widget: coordinate system relative to the GameWidget widget; same as `localPosition` in Flutter
-/// game: same as `widget` but also applies any transformations from the camera or viewport to the coordinate system
+/// global: coordinate system relative to the entire app; same as
+/// `globalPosition` in Flutter.
+/// widget: coordinate system relative to the GameWidget widget; same as
+/// `localPosition` in Flutter.
+/// viewport: same as `widget` but also applies any transformations from the
+/// viewport to the coordinate system.
+/// game: same as `widget` but also applies any transformations from the camera
+/// and viewport to the coordinate system.
 class EventPosition {
   final Game _game;
   final Offset _globalPosition;
@@ -18,20 +24,24 @@ class EventPosition {
   /// Coordinates of the event relative to the game widget position/size
   late final Vector2 widget = _game.convertGlobalToLocalCoordinate(global);
 
-  /// Coordinates of the event relative to the game position/size but applying only viewport transformations (not camera).
-  late final Vector2 viewportOnly =
-      _game.viewportProjector.unprojectVector(widget);
+  /// Coordinates of the event relative to the game position/size but applying
+  /// only viewport transformations (not camera).
+  late final Vector2 viewport = _game.viewportProjector.unprojectVector(widget);
 
-  /// Coordinates of the event relative to the game position/size and transformations
+  /// Coordinates of the event relative to the game position/size and
+  /// transformations
   late final Vector2 game = _game.projector.unprojectVector(widget);
 
   EventPosition(this._game, this._globalPosition);
 }
 
-/// [EventDelta] converts deltas based events to two different values (game and global).
+/// [EventDelta] converts deltas based events to two different values
+/// (game and global).
 ///
-/// [global]: this is the raw value received by the event without any scale applied to it; this is always the same as local because Flutter doesn't apply any scaling.
-/// [game]: the scalled value applied all the game transformations.
+/// [global]: this is the raw value received by the event without any scale
+/// applied to it; this is always the same as local because Flutter doesn't
+/// apply any scaling.
+/// [game]: the scaled value with all the game transformations applied.
 class EventDelta {
   final Game _game;
   final Offset _delta;
@@ -39,9 +49,9 @@ class EventDelta {
   /// Raw value relative to the game transformations
   late final Vector2 global = _delta.toVector2();
 
-  /// Scaled value relative to the game viewport only transformations (not camera).
-  late final Vector2 viewportOnly =
-      _game.viewportProjector.unscaleVector(global);
+  /// Scaled value relative to the game viewport only transformations (not
+  /// camera).
+  late final Vector2 viewport = _game.viewportProjector.unscaleVector(global);
 
   /// Scaled value relative to the game transformations
   late final Vector2 game = _game.projector.unscaleVector(global);

packages/flame/test/game/camera_and_viewport_test.dart

@@ -23,6 +23,47 @@ class _TestComponent extends PositionComponent {
 }
 
 void main() {
+  group('widget', () {
+    flameGame.test(
+      'viewport does not affect component with PositionType.widget',
+      (game) async {
+        game.camera.viewport = FixedResolutionViewport(Vector2.all(50));
+        game.onGameResize(Vector2.all(200.0));
+        await game.ensureAdd(
+          _TestComponent(Vector2.zero())..positionType = PositionType.widget,
+        );
+
+        final canvas = MockCanvas();
+        game.render(canvas);
+        expect(
+          canvas,
+          MockCanvas()
+            ..translate(0, 0) // transform in PositionComponent.renderTree
+            ..drawRect(const Rect.fromLTWH(0, 0, 1, 1)),
+        );
+      },
+    );
+
+    flameGame.test(
+      'camera does not affect component with PositionType.widget',
+      (game) async {
+        await game.ensureAdd(
+          _TestComponent(Vector2.zero())..positionType = PositionType.widget,
+        );
+        game.camera.snapTo(Vector2(100, 100));
+
+        final canvas = MockCanvas();
+        game.render(canvas);
+        expect(
+          canvas,
+          MockCanvas()
+            ..translate(0, 0) // transform in PositionComponent.renderTree
+            ..drawRect(const Rect.fromLTWH(0, 0, 1, 1)),
+        );
+      },
+    );
+  });
+
   group('viewport', () {
     flameGame.test('default viewport does not change size', (game) {
       game.onGameResize(Vector2(100.0, 200.0));

packages/flame/test/game/component_rendering_test.dart

@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
 
 class _MyComponent extends Component {
   @override
-  bool respectCamera;
+  PositionType positionType;
 
-  _MyComponent(int priority, {this.respectCamera = true})
+  _MyComponent(int priority, {this.positionType = PositionType.game})
       : super(priority: priority);
 
   @override
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class _MyComponent extends Component {
 void main() {
   group('components are rendered according to their priorities', () {
     flameGame.test(
-      'only camera components',
+      'PositionType.game',
       (game) async {
         await game.ensureAddAll([
           _MyComponent(4),
@@ -52,12 +52,12 @@ void main() {
     );
 
     flameGame.test(
-      'only HUD components',
+      'PositionType.viewport',
       (game) async {
         await game.ensureAddAll([
-          _MyComponent(4, respectCamera: false),
-          _MyComponent(1, respectCamera: false),
-          _MyComponent(2, respectCamera: false),
+          _MyComponent(4, positionType: PositionType.viewport),
+          _MyComponent(1, positionType: PositionType.viewport),
+          _MyComponent(2, positionType: PositionType.viewport),
         ]);
         final canvas = MockCanvas();
         game.camera.snapTo(Vector2(12.0, 18.0));
@@ -73,16 +73,41 @@ void main() {
       },
     );
 
+    flameGame.test(
+      'PositionType.widget',
+      (game) async {
+        await game.ensureAddAll([
+          _MyComponent(5, positionType: PositionType.widget),
+          _MyComponent(1, positionType: PositionType.widget),
+          _MyComponent(2, positionType: PositionType.widget),
+        ]);
+
+        final canvas = MockCanvas();
+        game.camera.snapTo(Vector2(12.0, 18.0));
+        game.render(canvas);
+
+        expect(
+          canvas,
+          MockCanvas()
+            ..drawRect(const Rect.fromLTWH(1, 1, 1, 1))
+            ..drawRect(const Rect.fromLTWH(2, 2, 1, 1))
+            ..drawRect(const Rect.fromLTWH(5, 5, 1, 1)),
+        );
+      },
+    );
+
     flameGame.test(
       'mixed',
       (game) async {
         await game.ensureAddAll([
           _MyComponent(4),
           _MyComponent(1),
-          _MyComponent(2, respectCamera: false),
-          _MyComponent(5, respectCamera: false),
-          _MyComponent(3, respectCamera: false),
+          _MyComponent(7, positionType: PositionType.viewport),
+          _MyComponent(5, positionType: PositionType.viewport),
+          _MyComponent(3, positionType: PositionType.viewport),
           _MyComponent(0),
+          _MyComponent(6, positionType: PositionType.widget),
+          _MyComponent(2, positionType: PositionType.widget),
         ]);
 
         final canvas = MockCanvas();
@@ -101,7 +126,9 @@ void main() {
             ..translate(-12.0, -18.0)
             ..drawRect(const Rect.fromLTWH(4, 4, 1, 1))
             ..translate(0.0, 0.0)
-            ..drawRect(const Rect.fromLTWH(5, 5, 1, 1)),
+            ..drawRect(const Rect.fromLTWH(5, 5, 1, 1))
+            ..drawRect(const Rect.fromLTWH(6, 6, 1, 1))
+            ..drawRect(const Rect.fromLTWH(7, 7, 1, 1)),
         );
       },
     );