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<title>1、微服务简介 · 微服务:从设计到部署</title>
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<a href="http://oopsguy.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Oopsguy 的博客</a>
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<a href="https://github.com/oopsguy/microservices-from-design-to-deployment-chinese" target="_blank" class="custom-link">《微服务:从设计到部署》</a>
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Introduction
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2" data-path="0-foreword.html">
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0、前言
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<li class="chapter active" data-level="1.3" data-path="1-introduction-to-microservices.html">
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1、微服务简介
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1" data-path="1-introduction-to-microservices.html">
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1.1、构建单体应用
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<a href="1-introduction-to-microservices.html#marching-toward-monolithic-hell">
1.2、走向单体地狱
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3" data-path="1-introduction-to-microservices.html">
<a href="1-introduction-to-microservices.html#tackling-the-complexity">
1.3、微服务-解决复杂问题
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4" data-path="1-introduction-to-microservices.html">
<a href="1-introduction-to-microservices.html#the-benefits-of-microservices">
1.4、微服务的优点
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5" data-path="1-introduction-to-microservices.html">
<a href="1-introduction-to-microservices.html#the-drawbacks-of-microservices">
1.5、微服务的缺点
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6" data-path="1-introduction-to-microservices.html">
<a href="1-introduction-to-microservices.html#summary">
1.6、总结
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7" data-path="1-introduction-to-microservices.html">
<a href="1-introduction-to-microservices.html#microservices-in-action">
微服务实战NGINX Plus 作为反向代理服务器
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</ul>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="2-using-an-api-gateway.html">
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2、使用 API 网关
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<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="2-using-an-api-gateway.html">
<a href="2-using-an-api-gateway.html#introduction">
2.1、简介
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="2-using-an-api-gateway.html">
<a href="2-using-an-api-gateway.html#direct-client-to-microservice-communication">
2.2、客户端与微服务直接通信
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3" data-path="2-using-an-api-gateway.html">
<a href="2-using-an-api-gateway.html#using-an-api-gateway">
2.3、使用 API 网关
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4" data-path="2-using-an-api-gateway.html">
<a href="2-using-an-api-gateway.html#benefits-and-drawbacks-of-an-api-gateway">
2.4、API 网关的优点与缺点
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5" data-path="2-using-an-api-gateway.html">
<a href="2-using-an-api-gateway.html#implementing-an-api-gateway">
2.5、实施 API 网关
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.1" data-path="2-using-an-api-gateway.html">
<a href="2-using-an-api-gateway.html#performance-and-scalability">
2.5.1、性能与扩展
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.2" data-path="2-using-an-api-gateway.html">
<a href="2-using-an-api-gateway.html#using-a-reactive-programming-model">
2.5.2、使用响应式编程模型
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.3" data-path="2-using-an-api-gateway.html">
<a href="2-using-an-api-gateway.html#service-invocation">
2.5.3、服务调用
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.4" data-path="2-using-an-api-gateway.html">
<a href="2-using-an-api-gateway.html#service-discovery">
2.5.4、服务发现
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.5" data-path="2-using-an-api-gateway.html">
<a href="2-using-an-api-gateway.html#handling-partial-failures">
2.5.5、处理局部故障
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6" data-path="2-using-an-api-gateway.html">
<a href="2-using-an-api-gateway.html#summary">
2.6、总结
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7" data-path="2-using-an-api-gateway.html">
<a href="2-using-an-api-gateway.html#microservices-in-action">
微服务实战NGINX Plus 作为 API 网关
</a>
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</ul>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="3-inter-process-communication.html">
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3、进程间通信
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="3-inter-process-communication.html">
<a href="3-inter-process-communication.html#introduction">
3.1、简介
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2" data-path="3-inter-process-communication.html">
<a href="3-inter-process-communication.html#interaction-styles">
3.2、交互方式
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3" data-path="3-inter-process-communication.html">
<a href="3-inter-process-communication.html#defining-apis">
3.3、定义 API
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4" data-path="3-inter-process-communication.html">
<a href="3-inter-process-communication.html#evolving-apis">
3.4、演化 API
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5" data-path="3-inter-process-communication.html">
<a href="3-inter-process-communication.html#handling-partial-failure">
3.5、处理局部故障
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6" data-path="3-inter-process-communication.html">
<a href="3-inter-process-communication.html#ipc-technologies">
3.6、IPC 技术
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7" data-path="3-inter-process-communication.html">
<a href="3-inter-process-communication.html#asynchronous-message-based-communication">
3.7、异步、基于消息的通信
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.8" data-path="3-inter-process-communication.html">
<a href="3-inter-process-communication.html#synchronous-request-response-ipc">
3.8、同步的请求/响应 IPC
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.8.1" data-path="3-inter-process-communication.html">
<a href="3-inter-process-communication.html#rest">
3.8.1、REST
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.8.2" data-path="3-inter-process-communication.html">
<a href="3-inter-process-communication.html#thrift">
3.8.2、Thrift
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.9" data-path="3-inter-process-communication.html">
<a href="3-inter-process-communication.html#message-formats">
3.9、消息格式
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.10" data-path="3-inter-process-communication.html">
<a href="3-inter-process-communication.html#summary">
3.10、总结
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.11" data-path="3-inter-process-communication.html">
<a href="3-inter-process-communication.html#microservices-in-action">
微服务实战NGINX 与应用程序架构
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="4-service-discovery.html">
<a href="4-service-discovery.html">
4、服务发现
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.1" data-path="4-service-discovery.html">
<a href="4-service-discovery.html#why-use-service-discovery">
4.1、为何使用服务发现
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2" data-path="4-service-discovery.html">
<a href="4-service-discovery.html#the-client-side-discovery-pattern">
4.2、客户端发现模式
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3" data-path="4-service-discovery.html">
<a href="4-service-discovery.html#the-server-side-discovery-pattern">
4.3、服务端发现模式
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.4" data-path="4-service-discovery.html">
<a href="4-service-discovery.html#the-service-registry">
4.4、服务注册中心
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.5" data-path="4-service-discovery.html">
<a href="4-service-discovery.html#service-registration-options">
4.5、服务注册方式
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.6" data-path="4-service-discovery.html">
<a href="4-service-discovery.html#the-self-registration-pattern">
4.6、自注册模式
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.7" data-path="4-service-discovery.html">
<a href="4-service-discovery.html#the-third-party-registration-pattern">
4.7、第三方注册模式
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.8" data-path="4-service-discovery.html">
<a href="4-service-discovery.html#summary">
4.8、总结
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.9" data-path="4-service-discovery.html">
<a href="4-service-discovery.html#microservices-in-action">
微服务实战:灵活的 NGINX
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="5-event-driven-data-management-for-microservices.html">
<a href="5-event-driven-data-management-for-microservices.html">
5、事件驱动数据管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.1" data-path="5-event-driven-data-management-for-microservices.html">
<a href="5-event-driven-data-management-for-microservices.html#microservices-and-the-problem-of-distributed-data-management">
5.1、微服务与分布式数据管理问题
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.2" data-path="5-event-driven-data-management-for-microservices.html">
<a href="5-event-driven-data-management-for-microservices.html#event-driven-architecture">
5.2、事件驱动架构
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.3" data-path="5-event-driven-data-management-for-microservices.html">
<a href="5-event-driven-data-management-for-microservices.html#achieving-atomicity">
5.3、实现原子性
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.4" data-path="5-event-driven-data-management-for-microservices.html">
<a href="5-event-driven-data-management-for-microservices.html#publishing-events-using-local-transactions">
5.4、使用本地事务发布事件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.5" data-path="5-event-driven-data-management-for-microservices.html">
<a href="5-event-driven-data-management-for-microservices.html#mining-a-database-transaction-log">
5.5、挖掘数据库事务日志
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.6" data-path="5-event-driven-data-management-for-microservices.html">
<a href="5-event-driven-data-management-for-microservices.html#using-event-sourcing">
5.6、使用事件溯源
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.7" data-path="5-event-driven-data-management-for-microservices.html">
<a href="5-event-driven-data-management-for-microservices.html#summary">
5.7、总结
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.8" data-path="5-event-driven-data-management-for-microservices.html">
<a href="5-event-driven-data-management-for-microservices.html#microservices-in-action">
微服务实战NGINX 与存储优化
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8" data-path="6-choosing-deployment-strategy.html">
<a href="6-choosing-deployment-strategy.html">
6、选择部署策略
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.1" data-path="6-choosing-deployment-strategy.html">
<a href="6-choosing-deployment-strategy.html#motivations">
6.1、动机
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.2" data-path="6-choosing-deployment-strategy.html">
<a href="6-choosing-deployment-strategy.html#multiple-service-instances-per-host-pattern">
6.2、单主机多服务实例模式
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.3" data-path="6-choosing-deployment-strategy.html">
<a href="6-choosing-deployment-strategy.html#service-instance-per-host-pattern">
6.3、每个主机一个服务实例模式
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.3.1" data-path="6-choosing-deployment-strategy.html">
<a href="6-choosing-deployment-strategy.html#service-instance-per-virtual-machine-pattern">
6.3.1、每个虚拟机一个服务实例模式
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.3.2" data-path="6-choosing-deployment-strategy.html">
<a href="6-choosing-deployment-strategy.html#service-instance-per-container-pattern">
6.3.2、每个容器一个服务实例模式
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.4" data-path="6-choosing-deployment-strategy.html">
<a href="6-choosing-deployment-strategy.html#serverless-deployment">
6.4、Serverless 部署
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.5" data-path="6-choosing-deployment-strategy.html">
<a href="6-choosing-deployment-strategy.html#summary">
6.5、总结
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.6" data-path="6-choosing-deployment-strategy.html">
<a href="6-choosing-deployment-strategy.html#microservices-in-action">
微服务实战:使用 NGINX 在不同主机上部署微服务
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.9" data-path="7-refactoring-a-monolith-into-microservices.html">
<a href="7-refactoring-a-monolith-into-microservices.html">
7、重构单体应用为微服务
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.1" data-path="7-refactoring-a-monolith-into-microservices.html">
<a href="7-refactoring-a-monolith-into-microservices.html#overview-of-refactoring-to-microservices">
7.1、微服务重构概述
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.2" data-path="7-refactoring-a-monolith-into-microservices.html">
<a href="7-refactoring-a-monolith-into-microservices.html#strategy-1-Stop-digging">
7.2、策略一:停止挖掘
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.3" data-path="7-refactoring-a-monolith-into-microservices.html">
<a href="7-refactoring-a-monolith-into-microservices.html#strategy-2-split-frontend-and-backend">
7.3、策略二:前后端分离
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.4" data-path="7-refactoring-a-monolith-into-microservices.html">
<a href="7-refactoring-a-monolith-into-microservices.html#strategy-3-extract-services">
7.4、策略三:提取服务
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.4.1" data-path="7-refactoring-a-monolith-into-microservices.html">
<a href="7-refactoring-a-monolith-into-microservices.html#prioritizing-which-modules-to-convert-into-services">
7.4.1、优先将哪些模块转换为微服务
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.4.2" data-path="7-refactoring-a-monolith-into-microservices.html">
<a href="7-refactoring-a-monolith-into-microservices.html#how-to-extract-a-module">
7.4.2、如何提取模块
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.5" data-path="7-refactoring-a-monolith-into-microservices.html">
<a href="7-refactoring-a-monolith-into-microservices.html#summary">
7.5、总结
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.6" data-path="7-refactoring-a-monolith-into-microservices.html">
<a href="7-refactoring-a-monolith-into-microservices.html#microservices-in-action">
微服务实战:使用 NGINX 征服单体
</a>
</li>
</ul>
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<section class="normal markdown-section">
<h1 id="1&#x3001;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7B80;&#x4ECB;">1&#x3001;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7B80;&#x4ECB;</h1>
<p>&#x5982;&#x4ECA;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x500D;&#x53D7;&#x5173;&#x6CE8;&#xFF1A;&#x6587;&#x7AE0;&#x3001;&#x535A;&#x5BA2;&#x3001;&#x793E;&#x4EA4;&#x5A92;&#x4F53;&#x548C;&#x4F1A;&#x8BAE;&#x6F14;&#x8BB2;&#x90FD;&#x5728;&#x8BA8;&#x8BBA;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x3002;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6B63;&#x5728;&#x8FC5;&#x901F;&#x671D;&#x7740;<a href="http://www.gartner.com/technology/research/methodologies/hype-cycle.jsp" target="_blank">&#x52A0;&#x5FB7;&#x7EB3;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x6210;&#x719F;&#x5EA6;&#x66F2;&#x7EBF;&#xFF08;Gartner Hype cycle&#xFF09;</a>&#x7684;&#x9AD8;&#x5CF0;&#x524D;&#x8FDB;&#x3002;&#x4E0E;&#x6B64;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x6709;&#x6301;&#x6000;&#x7591;&#x6001;&#x5EA6;&#x7684;&#x8F6F;&#x4EF6;&#x793E;&#x533A;&#x4EBA;&#x5458;&#x8BA4;&#x4E3A;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6CA1;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x65B0;&#x9C9C;&#x53EF;&#x8A00;&#x3002;&#x53CD;&#x5BF9;&#x8005;&#x58F0;&#x79F0;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x601D;&#x60F3;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x9762;&#x5411;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#xFF08;SOA&#xFF09;&#x7684;&#x91CD;&#x5851;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x800C;&#xFF0C;&#x65E0;&#x8BBA;&#x662F;&#x7092;&#x4F5C;&#x8FD8;&#x662F;&#x6000;&#x7591;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x5426;&#x8BA4;&#xFF0C;<a href="http://microservices.io/patterns/microservices.html" target="_blank">&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;</a>&#x6709;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x660E;&#x663E;&#x7684;&#x4F18;&#x52BF; &#x2014;&#x2014; &#x7279;&#x522B;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x5B9E;&#x65BD;&#x654F;&#x6377;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x548C;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7684;&#x4F01;&#x4E1A;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4EA4;&#x4ED8;&#x65B9;&#x9762;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x672C;&#x4E66;&#x7684;&#x4E03;&#x4E2A;&#x7AE0;&#x8282;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x3001;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x548C;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x662F;&#x672C;&#x4E66;&#x7684;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x7AE0;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x6B64;&#x7AE0;&#x8282;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x5C06;&#x4E86;&#x89E3;&#x5230;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x7531;&#x6765;&#x548C;&#x5176;&#x4E0E;&#x4F20;&#x7EDF;<a href="http://microservices.io/patterns/monolithic.html" target="_blank">&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;</a>&#x7684;&#x533A;&#x522B;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x672C;&#x7535;&#x5B50;&#x4E66;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x4E86;&#x8BB8;&#x591A;&#x5173;&#x4E8E;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x65B9;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x3002;&#x65E0;&#x8BBA;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x9879;&#x76EE;&#x610F;&#x4E49;&#x8FD8;&#x662F;&#x5B9E;&#x65BD;&#x65B9;&#x9762;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x90FD;&#x80FD;&#x4E86;&#x89E3;&#x5230;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x4F18;&#x70B9;&#x4E0E;&#x7F3A;&#x70B9;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5148;&#x6765;&#x770B;&#x770B;&#x4E3A;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x8981;&#x8003;&#x8651;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x3002;</p>
<p><a id="building-monolithic-applications"></a></p>
<h2 id="11&#x3001;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5E94;&#x7528;">1.1&#x3001;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5E94;&#x7528;</h2>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5047;&#x8BBE;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x6B63;&#x5728;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6253;&#x8F66;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x6253;&#x7B97;&#x4E0E; Uber &#x548C; Hailo &#x7ADE;&#x4E89;&#x3002;&#x7ECF;&#x8FC7;&#x521D;&#x6B65;&#x4EA4;&#x6D41;&#x548C;&#x9700;&#x6C42;&#x6536;&#x96C6;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x624B;&#x52A8;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C; Rails&#x3001;Spring Boot&#x3001;Play &#x6216;&#x8005; Maven &#x7B49;&#x5E73;&#x53F0;&#x6765;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x9879;&#x76EE;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x65B0;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x5316;&#x7684;<a href="https://www.infoq.com/news/2014/10/exploring-hexagonal-architecture" target="_blank">&#x516D;&#x8FB9;&#x5F62;&#x67B6;&#x6784;</a>&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x56FE; 1-1 &#x6240;&#x793A;&#xFF1A;</p>
<figure id="fig1.3.1"><img src="resources/1-1.png" alt="&#x56FE; 1-1&#x3001;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x6253;&#x8F66;&#x5E94;&#x7528;"><figcaption>&#x56FE; 1-1&#x3001;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x6253;&#x8F66;&#x5E94;&#x7528;</figcaption></figure>
<p>&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x6838;&#x5FC3;&#x662F;&#x7531;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x7684;&#x4E1A;&#x52A1;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E86;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x3001;&#x9886;&#x57DF;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x548C;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;&#x56F4;&#x7ED5;&#x6838;&#x5FC3;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x4E0E;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x4E16;&#x754C;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x5BF9;&#x63A5;&#x7684;&#x9002;&#x914D;&#x5668;&#x3002;&#x9002;&#x914D;&#x5668;&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;&#x3001;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x548C;&#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x7684;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;&#x548C;&#x66B4;&#x9732;&#x4E86; API &#x6216;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; UI &#x7684; web &#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5C3D;&#x7BA1;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x5316;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x5B83;&#x88AB;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6253;&#x5305;&#x548C;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x3002;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x53D6;&#x51B3;&#x4E8E;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x6240;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x548C;&#x6846;&#x67B6;&#x3002;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x8BB8;&#x591A; Java &#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x88AB;&#x6253;&#x5305;&#x6210; WAR &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x5728;&#x5982; Tomcat &#x6216;&#x8005; Jetty &#x4E4B;&#x7C7B;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x4E0A;&#x3002;&#x8FD8;&#x6709;&#x90E8;&#x5206; Java &#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x88AB;&#x6253;&#x5305;&#x6210;&#x81EA;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#xFF08;self-contained&#xFF09;&#x7684;&#x53EF;&#x6267;&#x884C; JAR&#x3002;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x5730;&#xFF0C;Rails &#x548C; Node.js &#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x88AB;&#x6253;&#x5305;&#x6210;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x5C42;&#x6B21;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x7684;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x98CE;&#x683C;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5F88;&#x5E38;&#x89C1;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x5F88;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684; IDE &#x548C;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x672C;&#x8EAB;&#x5C31;&#x4E13;&#x6CE8;&#x4E8E;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4E5F;&#x5F88;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x5730;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x5E76;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5982; Selenium &#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5305;&#x6765;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5; UI &#x4EE5;&#x8F7B;&#x677E;&#x5730;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x7AEF;&#x5230;&#x7AEF;&#xFF08;end-to-end&#xFF09;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x3002;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#x6613;&#x4E8E;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x53EA;&#x9700;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x6253;&#x5305;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x4E0A;&#x3002;&#x4F60;&#x8FD8;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x526F;&#x672C;&#x903C;&#x5E76;&#x7ED3;&#x5408;&#x8D1F;&#x8F7D;&#x5747;&#x8861;&#x6765;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x9879;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x65E9;&#x671F;&#x9636;&#x6BB5;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x826F;&#x597D;&#x5730;&#x8FD0;&#x4F5C;&#x3002;</p>
<p><a id="marching-toward-monolithic-hell"></a></p>
<h2 id="12&#x3001;&#x8D70;&#x5411;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5730;&#x72F1;">1.2&#x3001;&#x8D70;&#x5411;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5730;&#x72F1;</h2>
<p>&#x4E0D;&#x5E78;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x6709;&#x5F88;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x5C40;&#x9650;&#x6027;&#x3002;&#x6210;&#x529F;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8D8B;&#x52BF;&#xFF0C;&#x968F;&#x7740;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x63A8;&#x79FB;&#x800C;&#x53D8;&#x5F97;&#x8D8A;&#x6765;&#x8D8A;&#x81C3;&#x80BF;&#x3002;&#x4F60;&#x7684;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x56E2;&#x961F;&#x5728;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x51B2;&#x523A;&#x9636;&#x6BB5;&#x90FD;&#x8981;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x9700;&#x6C42;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x610F;&#x5473;&#x7740;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x8BB8;&#x591A;&#x884C;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x3002;&#x51E0;&#x5E74;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x5C0F;&#x800C;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5C06;&#x9010;&#x6E10;&#x6210;&#x957F;&#x6210;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<a href="http://microservices.io/patterns/monolithic.html" target="_blank">&#x5E9E;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x5355;&#x4F53;</a>&#x3002;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x7ED9;&#x51FA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6781;&#x7AEF;&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x6700;&#x8FD1;&#x548C;&#x4E00;&#x4F4D;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x8005;&#x505A;&#x4E86;&#x4EA4;&#x8C08;&#xFF0C;&#x4ED6;&#x6B63;&#x5728;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#xFF0C;&#x8BE5;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x4ECE;&#x4ED6;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x767E;&#x4E07;&#x884C;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF08;lines of code&#xFF0C;LOC&#xFF09;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4E2D;&#x5206;&#x6790;&#x51FA;&#x6570;&#x5343;&#x4E2A; JAR &#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x76F8;&#x4FE1;&#x8FD9;&#x662F;&#x5927;&#x91CF;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x8005;&#x5728;&#x591A;&#x5E74;&#x9F50;&#x5FC3;&#x534F;&#x529B;&#x4E0B;&#x521B;&#x9020;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x91CE;&#x517D;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E00;&#x65E6;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x6210;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5E9E;&#x5927;&#x3001;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7684;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x7684;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x7EC4;&#x7EC7;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x9677;&#x5165;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x75DB;&#x82E6;&#x7684;&#x5883;&#x5730;&#xFF0C;&#x654F;&#x6377;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x548C;&#x4EA4;&#x4ED8;&#x7684;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x4E00;&#x6B21;&#x5C1D;&#x8BD5;&#x90FD;&#x5C06;&#x539F;&#x5730;&#x5F98;&#x5F8A;&#x3002;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x662F;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5B9E;&#x5728;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x4EBA;&#x5458;&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#x90FD;&#x663E;&#x5F97;&#x8FC7;&#x4E8E;&#x5E9E;&#x5927;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7406;&#x89E3;&#x3002;&#x800C;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#xFF0C;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x4FEE;&#x590D; bug &#x548C;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x65B0;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x53D8;&#x5F97;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x56F0;&#x96BE;&#x800C;&#x8017;&#x65F6;&#x3002;&#x6B64;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x8D8B;&#x52BF;&#x5C31;&#x50CF;&#x662F;&#x5F80;&#x4E0B;&#x7684;&#x87BA;&#x65CB;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x90FD;&#x4EE4;&#x4EBA;&#x96BE;&#x4EE5;&#x7406;&#x89E3;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x6539;&#x53D8;&#x4E5F;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x53D8;&#x5F97;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x5C06;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5DE8;&#x5927;&#x7684;<a href="http://www.laputan.org/mud/" target="_blank">&#x6CE5;&#x7403;</a>&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x89C4;&#x6A21;&#x4E5F;&#x5C06;&#x51CF;&#x7F13;&#x53D1;&#x5C55;&#x3002;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x8D8A;&#x5927;&#xFF0C;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x8D8A;&#x957F;&#x3002;&#x6211;<a href="https://plainoldobjects.com/2015/05/13/monstrous-monoliths-how-bad-can-it-get/" target="_blank">&#x8C03;&#x67E5;</a>&#x8FC7;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x8005;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x548C;&#x6027;&#x80FD;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x62A5;&#x544A;&#x7684;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x4E3A; 12 &#x5206;&#x949F;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4E5F;&#x542C;&#x8BF4;&#x8FC7;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x9700;&#x8981; 40 &#x5206;&#x949F;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x602A;&#x4E8B;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x4EBA;&#x5458;&#x7ECF;&#x5E38;&#x8981;&#x91CD;&#x542F;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x5F88;&#x5927;&#x4E00;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x4E2D;&#x5EA6;&#x8FC7;&#xFF0C;&#x4ED6;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x529B;&#x5C06;&#x53D7;&#x5230;&#x9650;&#x5236;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5927;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7684;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x672C;&#x8EAB;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x6301;&#x7EED;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x7684;&#x969C;&#x788D;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x4ECA;&#xFF0C;SaaS &#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x53D1;&#x5C55;&#x5230;&#x4E86;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6BCF;&#x5929;&#x591A;&#x6B21;&#x5C06;&#x53D8;&#x66F4;&#x63A8;&#x9001;&#x5230;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7684;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x56F0;&#x96BE;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x4F60;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x6574;&#x4E2A;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x624D;&#x80FD;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x4E00;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x3002;&#x8054;&#x60F3;&#x6211;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x63D0;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x6F2B;&#x957F;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E5F;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x662F;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x597D;&#x4E8B;&#x3002;&#x6B64;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x53D8;&#x66F4;&#x6240;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x7684;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x5F88;&#x660E;&#x786E;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x5F88;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x505A;&#x5927;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x624B;&#x5DE5;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;&#x6301;&#x7EED;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x505A;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x9700;&#x6C42;&#x51B2;&#x7A81;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x96BE;&#x4EE5;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x6267;&#x884C; CPU &#x5BC6;&#x96C6;&#x578B;&#x56FE;&#x50CF;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#xFF0C;&#x7406;&#x60F3;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#x662F;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x5728; <a href="http://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2013/11/14/announcing-new-amazon-ec2-compute-optimized-instances/" target="_blank">Amazon EC2 Compute Optimized &#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;</a>&#x4E2D;&#x3002;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x9002;&#x5408;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x5230; <a href="https://aws.amazon.com/cn/about-aws/whats-new/2014/04/10/r3-announcing-the-next-generation-of-amazon-ec2-memory-optimized-instances/" target="_blank">EC2 Memory-optimized &#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;</a>&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x800C;&#xFF0C;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x88AB;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x8D77;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x5728;&#x786C;&#x4EF6;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x4E0A;&#x505A;&#x51FA;&#x59A5;&#x534F;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x662F;&#x53EF;&#x9760;&#x6027;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x90FD;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x5728;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#x3002;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; bug&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x6CC4;&#x6F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x62D6;&#x57AE;&#x6574;&#x4E2A;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x3002;&#x6B64;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x5C06;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x5230;&#x6574;&#x4E2A;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x6027;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x4F46;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#xFF0C;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4F7F;&#x5F97;&#x91C7;&#x7528;&#x65B0;&#x6846;&#x67B6;&#x548C;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x53D8;&#x5F97;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x56F0;&#x96BE;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5047;&#x8BBE;&#x4F60;&#x6709; 200 &#x4E07;&#x884C;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E86; XYZ &#x6846;&#x67B6;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x8F83;&#x65B0;&#x7684; ABC &#x6846;&#x67B6;&#x6765;&#x91CD;&#x5199;&#x6574;&#x4E2A;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x5C06;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x6602;&#x8D35;&#xFF08;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x548C;&#x6210;&#x672C;&#x65B9;&#x9762;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5373;&#x4F7F;&#x6846;&#x67B6;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x597D;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x65B0;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x91C7;&#x7528;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x969C;&#x788D;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x9879;&#x76EE;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x65E0;&#x8BBA;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x4F55;&#x79CD;&#x65B0;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x611F;&#x5230;&#x56F0;&#x6270;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x603B;&#x7ED3;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;&#x4F60;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6210;&#x529F;&#x7684;&#x5173;&#x952E;&#x4E1A;&#x52A1;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x53D1;&#x5C55;&#x6210;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x5C11;&#x6570;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x4EBA;&#x5458;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x7406;&#x89E3;&#x7684;&#x5DE8;&#x5927;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E86;&#x8FC7;&#x65F6;&#x3001;&#x975E;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x6027;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x5F97;&#x62DB;&#x8058;&#x4F18;&#x79C0;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x4EBA;&#x5458;&#x53D8;&#x5F97;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x56F0;&#x96BE;&#x3002;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x53D8;&#x5F97;&#x96BE;&#x4EE5;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x9760;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x654F;&#x6377;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x548C;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4EA4;&#x4ED8;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x4F60;&#x80FD;&#x505A;&#x4E9B;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x5462;&#xFF1F;</p>
<p><a id="tackling-the-complexity"></a></p>
<h2 id="13&#x3001;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;-&#x2014;-&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x95EE;&#x9898;">1.3&#x3001;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1; &#x2014; &#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x95EE;&#x9898;</h2>
<p>&#x8BB8;&#x591A;&#x5982; Amazon&#x3001;eBay &#x548C; <a href="http://www.nginx.com/blog/microservices-at-netflix-architectural-best-practices/" target="_blank">Netflix</a> &#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x7EC4;&#x7EC7;&#xFF0C;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x91C7;&#x7528;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x6240;&#x8C13;&#x7684;<a href="http://microservices.io/patterns/microservices.html" target="_blank">&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;</a>&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x4E86;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x81C3;&#x80BF;&#x7684;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x601D;&#x8DEF;&#x662F;&#x5C06;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5206;&#x89E3;&#x6210;&#x4E00;&#x5957;&#x8F83;&#x5C0F;&#x7684;&#x4E92;&#x8FDE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x7EC4;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x6216;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x8BA2;&#x5355;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x3001;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x7B49;&#x3002;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8FF7;&#x4F60;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7684;&#x516D;&#x8FB9;&#x5F62;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x4E86;&#x4E1A;&#x52A1;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x9002;&#x914D;&#x5668;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x4F1A;&#x66B4;&#x9732;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4F9B;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6216;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x7684; API&#x3002;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; web UI&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4E91;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x673A;&#xFF08;virtual machine&#xFF0C;VM&#xFF09;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; Docker &#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x524D;&#x9762;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x7684;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5206;&#x89E3;&#x6210;&#x5982;&#x56FE; 1-2 &#x6240;&#x793A;&#xFF1A;</p>
<figure id="fig1.3.2"><img src="resources/1-2.png" alt="&#x56FE; 1-2&#x3001;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5206;&#x89E3;&#x6210;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;"><figcaption>&#x56FE; 1-2&#x3001;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5206;&#x89E3;&#x6210;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;</figcaption></figure>
<p>&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x533A;&#x57DF;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x90FD;&#x7531;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7684;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x3002;&#x6B64;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;Web &#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x88AB;&#x5212;&#x5206;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x7EC4;&#x66F4;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x51FA;&#x79DF;&#x8F66;&#x4E3A;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x662F;&#x4E58;&#x5BA2;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x662F;&#x53F8;&#x673A;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x66F4;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x4E3A;&#x7279;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x3001;&#x53F8;&#x673A;&#x3001;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x4E13;&#x95E8;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x4F8B;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x573A;&#x666F;&#x3002;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x540E;&#x7AEF;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x66B4;&#x9732;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; REST API&#xFF0C;&#x5927;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x7684; API &#x7531;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;Driver Management &#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E86; Notification &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x6765;&#x7ED9;&#x53F8;&#x673A;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53EF;&#x9009;&#x8DEF;&#x7EBF;&#x901A;&#x77E5;&#x3002;UI &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x4E86;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6765;&#x6E32;&#x67D3;&#x9875;&#x9762;&#x3002;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5F02;&#x6B65;&#x3001;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x7684;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x3002;&#x672C;&#x7535;&#x5B50;&#x4E66;&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x5C06;&#x4F1A;<a href="3-inter-process-communication.html">&#x66F4;&#x52A0;&#x8BE6;&#x7EC6;</a>&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x95F4;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E00;&#x4E9B; REST API &#x4E5F;&#x66B4;&#x9732;&#x7ED9;&#x79FB;&#x52A8;&#x7AEF;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4F9B;&#x53F8;&#x673A;&#x548C;&#x4E58;&#x5BA2;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x800C;&#xFF0C;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x540E;&#x7AEF;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x3002;&#x76F8;&#x53CD;&#xFF0C;&#x4ED6;&#x4EEC;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x662F;&#x7531;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A; <a href="http://microservices.io/patterns/apigateway.html" target="_blank">API &#x7F51;&#x5173;</a>&#xFF08;API Gateway&#xFF09;&#x7684;&#x4E2D;&#x4ECB;&#x8D1F;&#x8D23;&#x3002;API &#x7F51;&#x5173;&#x8D1F;&#x8D23;&#x8D1F;&#x8F7D;&#x5747;&#x8861;&#x3001;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#x3001;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x3001;API &#x5EA6;&#x91CF;&#x548C;&#x76D1;&#x63A7;&#xFF0C;<a href="http://www.nginx.com/solutions/api-gateway/" target="_blank">&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; NGINX &#x6765;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;</a>&#x3002;<a href="2-using-an-api-gateway.html">&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x7AE0;</a>&#x5C06;&#x8BE6;&#x7EC6;&#x8BA8;&#x8BBA; API &#x7F51;&#x5173;&#x3002;</p>
<figure id="fig1.3.3"><img src="resources/1-3.png" alt="&#x56FE; 1-3&#x3001;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x548C;&#x4EA4;&#x4ED8;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x4F38;&#x7F29;&#x7ACB;&#x65B9;&#xFF08;Scale Cube&#xFF09;"><figcaption>&#x56FE; 1-3&#x3001;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x548C;&#x4EA4;&#x4ED8;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x4F38;&#x7F29;&#x7ACB;&#x65B9;&#xFF08;Scale Cube&#xFF09;</figcaption></figure>
<p>&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x76F8;&#x5F53;&#x4E8E;&#x6B64;&#x4F38;&#x7F29;&#x7ACB;&#x65B9;&#x7684; Y &#x8F74;&#x5750;&#x6807;&#xFF0C;&#x6B64;&#x7ACB;&#x65B9;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6765;&#x81EA;<a href="http://theartofscalability.com/" target="_blank">&#x300A;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x5373;&#x672A;&#x6765;&#x300B;</a>&#x7684;&#x4E09;&#x7EF4;&#x4F38;&#x7F29;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x3002;&#x53E6;&#x5916;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x5750;&#x6807;&#x8F74;&#x662F;&#x7531;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x526F;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x8D1F;&#x8F7D;&#x5747;&#x8861;&#x5668;&#x7EC4;&#x6210;&#x7684; X &#x8F74;&#x5750;&#x6807;&#x548C; Z &#x8F74;&#x5750;&#x6807;&#xFF08;&#x6216;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5206;&#x533A;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x7684;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x884C;&#x8BB0;&#x5F55;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x952E;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x6807;&#x8BC6;&#xFF09;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x5C06;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x5230;&#x7279;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x5C06;&#x8FD9;&#x4E09;&#x79CD;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x5750;&#x6807;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x7ED3;&#x5408;&#x4E00;&#x8D77;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3002;Y &#x8F74;&#x5750;&#x6807;&#x5C06;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5206;&#x89E3;&#x6210;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x56FE; 1-2 &#x6240;&#x793A;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;X &#x5750;&#x6807;&#x8F74;&#x4E0A;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7740;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x914D;&#x5408;&#x8D1F;&#x8F7D;&#x5747;&#x8861;&#x5668;&#x4EE5;&#x6EE1;&#x8DB3;&#x541E;&#x5410;&#x91CF;&#x548C;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x6027;&#x3002;&#x67D0;&#x4E9B;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4E5F;&#x6709;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; Z &#x5750;&#x6807;&#x8F74;&#x6765;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x5206;&#x533A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x3002;&#x56FE; 1-4 &#x5C55;&#x793A;&#x4E86;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x7528; Docker &#x5C06; Trip Management &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x5230; Amazon EC2 &#x4E0A;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x3002;</p>
<figure id="fig1.3.4"><img src="resources/1-4.png" alt="&#x56FE; 1-4&#x3001;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; Docker &#x90E8;&#x7F72; Trip Management &#x670D;&#x52A1;"><figcaption>&#x56FE; 1-4&#x3001;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; Docker &#x90E8;&#x7F72; Trip Management &#x670D;&#x52A1;</figcaption></figure>
<p>&#x5728;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;Trip Management &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7531;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x7EC4;&#x6210;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; Docker &#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x3002;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x9AD8;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5728;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x4E91;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x673A;&#x4E0A;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x3002;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<a href="http://www.nginx.com/solutions/load-balancing/" target="_blank">&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C; NGINX &#x7684;&#x8D1F;&#x8F7D;&#x5747;&#x8861;&#x5668;</a>&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x8DE8;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x5206;&#x53D1;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x3002;&#x8D1F;&#x8F7D;&#x5747;&#x8861;&#x5668;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;<a href="http://www.nginx.com/resources/admin-guide/content-caching/" target="_blank">&#x7F13;&#x5B58;</a>&#x3001;<a href="http://www.nginx.com/resources/admin-guide/restricting-access/" target="_blank">&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x63A7;&#x5236;</a>&#x3001;<a href="http://www.nginx.com/solutions/api-gateway/" target="_blank">API &#x5EA6;&#x91CF;</a>&#x548C;<a href="http://www.nginx.com/products/live-activity-monitoring/" target="_blank">&#x76D1;&#x63A7;</a>&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x660E;&#x663E;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x5230;&#x4E86;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4E0E;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x5173;&#x7CFB;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0E;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x5355;&#x4E2A;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#xFF08;schema&#xFF09;&#x7684;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6709;&#x6240;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x90FD;&#x6709;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x3002;&#x4E00;&#x65B9;&#x9762;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x505A;&#x6CD5;&#x4E0E;&#x4F01;&#x4E1A;&#x7EA7;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x601D;&#x60F3;&#x76F8;&#x80CC;&#xFF0C;&#x6B64;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x7ECF;&#x5E38;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5197;&#x4F59;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x800C;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F60;&#x60F3;&#x4ECE;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x4E2D;&#x53D7;&#x76CA;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x90FD;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x6709;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5B83;&#x80FD;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x677E;&#x8026;&#x5408;&#x3002;&#x56FE; 1-5 &#x5C55;&#x793A;&#x4E86;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x90FD;&#x62E5;&#x6709;&#x5404;&#x81EA;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x3002;&#x800C;&#x4E14;&#xFF0C;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x6700;&#x9002;&#x5408;&#x5176;&#x9700;&#x6C42;&#x3001;&#x53F7;&#x79F0;&#x591A;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x6301;&#x4E45;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#xFF08;polyglot persistence architecture&#xFF09;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;Driver Management&#xFF0C;&#x8981;&#x627E;&#x5230;&#x4E0E;&#x6F5C;&#x5728;&#x4E58;&#x5BA2;&#x63A5;&#x8FD1;&#x7684;&#x53F8;&#x673A;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x9AD8;&#x6548;&#x5730;&#x7406;&#x67E5;&#x8BE2;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x3002;</p>
<figure id="fig1.3.5"><img src="resources/1-5.png" alt="&#x56FE; 1-5&#x3001;&#x6253;&#x8F66;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x67B6;&#x6784;"><figcaption>&#x56FE; 1-5&#x3001;&#x6253;&#x8F66;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x67B6;&#x6784;</figcaption></figure>
<p>&#x4ECE;&#x8868;&#x9762;&#x4E0A;&#x770B;&#xFF0C;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x4E8E; SOA&#x3002;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x662F;&#x7531;&#x4E00;&#x7EC4;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7EC4;&#x6210;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x800C;&#xFF0C;&#x6362;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x53BB;&#x601D;&#x8003;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x662F;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5546;&#x4E1A;&#x5316;&#x7684; SOA&#xFF0C;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x96C6;&#x6210; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_web_service_specifications" target="_blank">Web &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x89C4;&#x8303;</a>&#xFF08;WS-*&#xFF09;&#x548C;&#x4F01;&#x4E1A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x603B;&#x7EBF;&#xFF08;Enterprise Service Bus&#xFF0C;ESB&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x66F4;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x8F7B;&#x91CF;&#x7EA7;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;REST&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F; WS-*&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x4E5F;&#x5C3D;&#x91CF;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; ESB&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x662F;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x672C;&#x8EAB;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C; ESB &#x7684;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x3002;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x4E5F;&#x62D2;&#x7EDD;&#x4E86; SOA &#x7684;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical_schema_pattern" target="_blank">&#x89C4;&#x8303;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;</a>&#x6982;&#x5FF5;&#x3002;</p>
<p><a id="the-benefits-of-microservices"></a></p>
<h2 id="14&#x3001;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x4F18;&#x70B9;">1.4&#x3001;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x4F18;&#x70B9;</h2>
<p>&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x6709;&#x8BB8;&#x591A;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x65B9;&#x3002;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x4E86;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x628A;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x53D8;&#x5F97;&#x5E9E;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5206;&#x89E3;&#x6210;&#x4E00;&#x5957;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x3002;&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x6570;&#x91CF;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x88AB;&#x5206;&#x89E3;&#x6210;&#x53EF;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x7684;&#x5757;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x3002;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x90FD;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x660E;&#x786E;&#x7684;&#x8FB9;&#x754C;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x8FDC;&#x7A0B;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#xFF08;RPC&#xFF09;&#x9A71;&#x52A8;&#x6216;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x9A71;&#x52A8; API&#x3002;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x5F3A;&#x5236;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x7A0B;&#x5EA6;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x6765;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x662F;&#x6781;&#x5176;&#x56F0;&#x96BE;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x4E2A;&#x4F53;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x80FD;&#x88AB;&#x66F4;&#x5FEB;&#x5730;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x6613;&#x4E8E;&#x7406;&#x89E3;&#x548C;&#x7EF4;&#x62A4;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x4F7F;&#x5F97;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7531;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x56E2;&#x961F;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x4E13;&#x6CE8;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x3002;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x8005;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x81EA;&#x7531;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x7B26;&#x5408;&#x670D;&#x52A1; API &#x5951;&#x7EA6;&#x7684;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x7136;&#xFF0C;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x7684;&#x7EC4;&#x7EC7;&#x662F;&#x5E0C;&#x671B;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x9009;&#x578B;&#x9650;&#x5236;&#x6765;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x6DF7;&#x4E71;&#x7684;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x800C;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x81EA;&#x7531;&#x610F;&#x5473;&#x7740;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x4EBA;&#x5458;&#x4E0D;&#x518D;&#x6709;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x81EA;&#x7531;&#x7684;&#x65B0;&#x9879;&#x76EE;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x65F6;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x8FC7;&#x65F6;&#x7684;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x4ED6;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x3002;&#x6B64;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x8F83;&#x5C0F;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x91CD;&#x5199;&#x65E7;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5C06;&#x53D8;&#x5F97;&#x66F4;&#x52A0;&#x53EF;&#x884C;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x7B2C;&#x4E09;&#xFF0C;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x3002;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x4EBA;&#x5458;&#x6839;&#x672C;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x53BB;&#x534F;&#x8C03;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x672C;&#x5730;&#x53D8;&#x66F4;&#x5230;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x53D8;&#x66F4;&#x4E00;&#x7ECF;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5373;&#x53EF;&#x7ACB;&#x5373;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x3002;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;UI &#x56E2;&#x961F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6267;&#x884C; A/B &#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x5FEB;&#x901F;&#x8FED;&#x4EE3; UI &#x53D8;&#x66F4;&#x3002;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x4F7F;&#x5F97;&#x6301;&#x7EED;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x6210;&#x4E3A;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6700;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x4F7F;&#x5F97;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x3002;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4EC5;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x6EE1;&#x8DB3;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x91CF;&#x548C;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x6027;&#x7EA6;&#x675F;&#x7684;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x6570;&#x76EE;&#x3002;&#x6B64;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E0E;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x8981;&#x6C42;&#x6700;&#x5339;&#x914D;&#x7684;&#x786C;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728; EC2 Compute Optimized &#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x4E0A;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; CPU &#x5BC6;&#x96C6;&#x578B;&#x56FE;&#x50CF;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x5728; EC2 Memory-optimized &#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x4E0A;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x3002;</p>
<p><a id="the-drawbacks-of-microservices"></a></p>
<h2 id="15&#x3001;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x7F3A;&#x70B9;">1.5&#x3001;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x7F3A;&#x70B9;</h2>
<p>&#x5C31;&#x50CF; Fred Brooks &#x5927;&#x7EA6;&#x5728; 30 &#x5E74;&#x524D;&#x5199;&#x7684;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mythical_Man-Month" target="_blank">&#x300A;&#x4EBA;&#x6708;&#x795E;&#x8BDD;&#x300B;</a>&#x4E2D;&#x8BF4;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;<strong>&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x94F6;&#x5F39;</strong>&#x3002;&#x4E0E;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#xFF0C;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x4E5F;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x7740;&#x7F3A;&#x70B9;&#x3002;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7F3A;&#x70B9;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x540D;&#x79F0;&#x672C;&#x8EAB;&#x3002;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x672F;&#x8BED;&#x7684;&#x91CD;&#x70B9;&#x8FC7;&#x591A;&#x504F;&#x5411;&#x4E8E;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x89C4;&#x6A21;&#x3002;&#x4E8B;&#x5B9E;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x6709;&#x4E9B;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x8005;&#x4E3B;&#x5F20;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x6781;&#x7EC6;&#x7C92;&#x5EA6;&#x7684; 10 &#x81F3; 100 LOC&#xFF08;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x884C;&#xFF09;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#xFF0C;&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x8FD9;&#x5BF9;&#x5C0F;&#x578B;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x597D;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;&#x5C0F;&#x578B;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x624B;&#x6BB5;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x76EE;&#x6807;&#x3002;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x76EE;&#x6807;&#x5728;&#x4E8E;&#x5145;&#x5206;&#x5206;&#x89E3;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4EE5;&#x65B9;&#x4FBF;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x654F;&#x6377;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x548C;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x7F3A;&#x70B9;&#x662F;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5206;&#x5E03;&#x5F0F;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4F7F;&#x5F97;&#x6574;&#x4F53;&#x53D8;&#x5F97;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x3002;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x8005;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x548C;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x6216;&#x8005; RPC &#x7684;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x95F4;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x673A;&#x5236;&#x3002;&#x6B64;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x76EE;&#x6807;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5F88;&#x6162;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x4ED6;&#x4EEC;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x8981;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x6765;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x5C40;&#x90E8;&#x6545;&#x969C;&#x3002;&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x5F88;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x3001;&#x9AD8;&#x6DF1;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x95F4;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7EA7;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;/&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x76F8;&#x4E92;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6BD4;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x8981;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x5F97;&#x591A;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6311;&#x6218;&#x662F;&#x5206;&#x533A;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x3002;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x4E1A;&#x52A1;&#x5B9E;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x4E1A;&#x52A1;&#x4E8B;&#x52A1;&#x662F;&#x76F8;&#x5F53;&#x666E;&#x904D;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x4E8B;&#x52A1;&#x5728;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x663E;&#x5F97;&#x5FAE;&#x4E0D;&#x8DB3;&#x9053;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x53EA;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5355;&#x72EC;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6240;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x3002;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x5206;&#x5E03;&#x5F0F;&#x4E8B;&#x52A1;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x4EC5;&#x4EC5;&#x662F;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem" target="_blank">CAP &#x5B9A;&#x7406;</a>&#x3002;&#x4ED6;&#x4EEC;&#x6839;&#x672C;&#x4E0D;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x5982;&#x4ECA;&#x9AD8;&#x5EA6;&#x53EF;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x7684; NoSQL &#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x548C;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x4EE3;&#x7406;&#x3002;&#x4F60;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x4E0D;&#x5F97;&#x4E0D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x4EBA;&#x5458;&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#x66F4;&#x5177;&#x6311;&#x6218;&#x6027;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4E5F;&#x5F88;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x73B0;&#x4EE3;&#x6846;&#x67B6;&#x5982; Spring Boot&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x53EA;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7C7B;&#x6765;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5355;&#x4F53; web &#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5E76;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5176; REST API&#x3002;&#x76F8;&#x6BD4;&#x4E4B;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x7684;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7C7B;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x8BE5;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x53CA;&#x5176;&#x6240;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x81F3;&#x5C11;&#x4E3A;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x5B58;&#x6839;&#x3002;&#x518D;&#x6B21;&#x5F3A;&#x8C03;&#xFF0C;&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x8FD9;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4EF6;&#x9AD8;&#x6DF1;&#x7684;&#x4E8B;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x4E0D;&#x8981;&#x4F4E;&#x4F30;&#x4E86;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x505A;&#x7684;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x6027;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x6311;&#x6218;&#x662F;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E86;&#x8DE8;&#x8D8A;&#x591A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x53D8;&#x66F4;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5047;&#x8BBE;&#x4F60;&#x6B63;&#x5728;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x670D;&#x52A1; A&#x3001;&#x670D;&#x52A1; B &#x548C; &#x670D;&#x52A1; C &#x7684;&#x9700;&#x6C42;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D; A &#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x4E8E; B&#xFF0C;&#x4E14; B &#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x4E8E; C&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x5730;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x76F8;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x3001;&#x6574;&#x5408;&#x53D8;&#x66F4;&#x5E76;&#x4E00;&#x6B21;&#x6027;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x3002;&#x76F8;&#x53CD;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x4E2D;&#x4F60;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4ED4;&#x7EC6;&#x89C4;&#x5212;&#x548C;&#x534F;&#x8C03;&#x53D8;&#x66F4;&#x5230;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x670D;&#x52A1; C&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x670D;&#x52A1; B&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x670D;&#x52A1; A&#x3002;&#x5E78;&#x8FD0;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;&#x5927;&#x591A;&#x6570;&#x53D8;&#x66F4;&#x53EA;&#x4F1A;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x534F;&#x8C03;&#x7684;&#x591A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x53D8;&#x66F4;&#x76F8;&#x5BF9;&#x8F83;&#x5C11;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x76F8;&#x5F53;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5F88;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x5730;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x5230;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x4F20;&#x7EDF;&#x8D1F;&#x8F7D;&#x5747;&#x8861;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x7EC4;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x4E0A;&#x3002;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x90FD;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6709;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x8BBE;&#x65BD;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x4F4D;&#x7F6E;&#xFF08;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x548C;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x548C;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x4EE3;&#x7406;&#x3002;&#x76F8;&#x6BD4;&#x4E4B;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x7531;&#x5927;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7EC4;&#x6210;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x636E; <a href="https://twitter.com/adrianco" target="_blank">Adrian Cockcroft</a> &#x4E86;&#x89E3;&#x5230;&#xFF0C;Hailo &#x62E5;&#x6709; 160 &#x4E2A;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#xFF0C;Netflix &#x62E5;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x8D85;&#x8FC7; 600 &#x4E2A;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x90FD;&#x6709;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x3002;&#x8FD8;&#x6709;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x7684;&#x79FB;&#x52A8;&#x90E8;&#x4EF6;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x3001;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x3001;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x548C;&#x76D1;&#x63A7;&#x3002;&#x6B64;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x8FD8;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;<a href="4-service-discovery.html">&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;&#x673A;&#x5236;</a>&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x5F97;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4E0E;&#x4E4B;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x7684;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x4F4D;&#x7F6E;&#xFF08;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x548C;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x4F20;&#x7EDF;&#x9EBB;&#x70E6;&#x7684;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x7968;&#x636E;&#xFF08;ticket-based&#xFF09;&#x548C;&#x624B;&#x52A8;&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x5230;&#x5982;&#x6B64;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7A0B;&#x5EA6;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;&#x8981;&#x6210;&#x529F;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6C42;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x4EBA;&#x5458;&#x80FD;&#x9AD8;&#x5EA6;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x548C;&#x9AD8;&#x5EA6;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x5316;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x5316;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x662F;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x73B0;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x5E73;&#x53F0;&#x5373;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#xFF08;PaaS&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5982; <a href="https://www.cloudfoundry.org/" target="_blank">Cloud Foundry</a>&#x3002;PaaS &#x4E3A;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x4EBA;&#x5458;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x6765;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x548C;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x4ED6;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x8BA9;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x4EBA;&#x5458;&#x907F;&#x5F00;&#x4E86;&#x8BF8;&#x5982;&#x91C7;&#x8D2D;&#x548C;&#x914D;&#x7F6E; IT &#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x7B49;&#x70E6;&#x607C;&#x3002;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x914D;&#x7F6E; PaaS &#x7684;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4EBA;&#x5458;&#x548C;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x4E13;&#x4E1A;&#x4EBA;&#x5458;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x786E;&#x4FDD;&#x8FBE;&#x5230;&#x6700;&#x4F73;&#x5B9E;&#x8DF5;&#x4EE5;&#x843D;&#x5B9E;&#x516C;&#x53F8;&#x7B56;&#x7565;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x5316;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x7684;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x662F;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7684; PaaS&#x3002;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x666E;&#x904D;&#x7684;&#x8D77;&#x70B9;&#x662F;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x65B9;&#x6848;&#xFF0C;&#x5982; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/" target="_blank">Kubernetes</a>&#xFF0C;&#x4E0E; Docker &#x7B49;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x76F8;&#x7ED3;&#x5408;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x672C;&#x4E66;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C06;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x5982; NGINX &#x7684;<a href="http://www.nginx.com/products/" target="_blank">&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x8F6F;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4EA4;&#x4ED8;</a>&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x662F;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x5728;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7EA7;&#x522B;&#x8F7B;&#x677E;&#x505A;&#x5230;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x3001;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x3001;API &#x5EA6;&#x91CF;&#x548C;&#x76D1;&#x63A7;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5E2E;&#x52A9;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x6B64;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x3002;</p>
<p><a id="summary"></a></p>
<h2 id="16&#x3001;&#x603B;&#x7ED3;">1.6&#x3001;&#x603B;&#x7ED3;</h2>
<p>&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7684;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x672C;&#x8D28;&#x4E0A;&#x662F;&#x56F0;&#x96BE;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x53EA;&#x9002;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x3001;&#x8F7B;&#x91CF;&#x7EA7;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F60;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5B83;&#x6765;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x4F1A;&#x9677;&#x5165;&#x75DB;&#x82E6;&#x7684;&#x5883;&#x5730;&#x3002;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x3001;&#x6301;&#x7EED;&#x53D1;&#x5C55;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x800C;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x66F4;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x3002;&#x5C3D;&#x7BA1;&#x5B83;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x7740;&#x7F3A;&#x70B9;&#x548C;&#x6311;&#x6218;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x7AE0;&#x8282;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x5C06;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x65B9;&#x9762;&#x9762;&#x5E76;&#x63A2;&#x8BA8;&#x8BF8;&#x5982;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;&#x3001;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x65B9;&#x6848;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x5C06;&#x5355;&#x4F53;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x91CD;&#x6784;&#x4E3A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x7B56;&#x7565;&#x3002;</p>
<p><a id="microservices-in-action"></a></p>
<h2 id="&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5B9E;&#x6218;&#xFF1A;nginx-plus-&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x53CD;&#x5411;&#x4EE3;&#x7406;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;">&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5B9E;&#x6218;&#xFF1A;NGINX Plus &#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x53CD;&#x5411;&#x4EE3;&#x7406;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;</h2>
<p>By Floyd Smith</p>
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