diff --git a/apps/portal/src/components/questions/AddToListDropdown.tsx b/apps/portal/src/components/questions/AddToListDropdown.tsx
index b68ef77b..4ae9da46 100644
--- a/apps/portal/src/components/questions/AddToListDropdown.tsx
+++ b/apps/portal/src/components/questions/AddToListDropdown.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { Fragment, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import { Menu, Transition } from '@headlessui/react';
 import { CheckIcon, HeartIcon } from '@heroicons/react/20/solid';
 
+import { useProtectedCallback } from '~/utils/questions/useProtectedCallback';
 import { trpc } from '~/utils/trpc';
 
 export type AddToListDropdownProps = {
@@ -85,14 +86,16 @@ export default function AddToListDropdown({
     });
   };
 
+  const handleMenuButtonClick = useProtectedCallback(() => {
+    addClickOutsideListener();
+    setMenuOpened(!menuOpened);
+  });
+
   const CustomMenuButton = ({ children }: PropsWithChildren<unknown>) => (
     <button
       className="focus:ring-primary-500 inline-flex w-full justify-center rounded-md border border-slate-300 bg-white px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium text-slate-700 shadow-sm hover:bg-slate-50 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-offset-2 focus:ring-offset-slate-100"
       type="button"
-      onClick={() => {
-        addClickOutsideListener();
-        setMenuOpened(!menuOpened);
-      }}>
+      onClick={handleMenuButtonClick}>
       {children}
     </button>
   );
diff --git a/apps/portal/src/components/questions/ContributeQuestionCard.tsx b/apps/portal/src/components/questions/ContributeQuestionCard.tsx
index f4256e8d..9313896a 100644
--- a/apps/portal/src/components/questions/ContributeQuestionCard.tsx
+++ b/apps/portal/src/components/questions/ContributeQuestionCard.tsx
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import {
 } from '@heroicons/react/24/outline';
 import { TextInput } from '@tih/ui';
 
+import { useProtectedCallback } from '~/utils/questions/useProtectedCallback';
+
 import ContributeQuestionDialog from './ContributeQuestionDialog';
 import type { ContributeQuestionFormProps } from './forms/ContributeQuestionForm';
 
@@ -23,9 +25,9 @@ export default function ContributeQuestionCard({
     setShowDraftDialog(false);
   };
 
-  const handleOpenContribute = () => {
+  const handleOpenContribute = useProtectedCallback(() => {
     setShowDraftDialog(true);
-  };
+  });
 
   return (
     <div className="w-full">
diff --git a/apps/portal/src/components/questions/VotingButtons.tsx b/apps/portal/src/components/questions/VotingButtons.tsx
index cd404dca..28824715 100644
--- a/apps/portal/src/components/questions/VotingButtons.tsx
+++ b/apps/portal/src/components/questions/VotingButtons.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import type { Vote } from '@prisma/client';
 import type { ButtonSize } from '@tih/ui';
 import { Button } from '@tih/ui';
 
+import { useProtectedCallback } from '~/utils/questions/useProtectedCallback';
+
 export type BackendVote = {
   id: string;
   vote: Vote;
@@ -31,6 +33,15 @@ export default function VotingButtons({
     vote?.vote === 'UPVOTE' ? 'secondary' : 'tertiary';
   const downvoteButtonVariant =
     vote?.vote === 'DOWNVOTE' ? 'secondary' : 'tertiary';
+
+  const handleUpvoteClick = useProtectedCallback(() => {
+    onUpvote();
+  });
+
+  const handleDownvoteClick = useProtectedCallback(() => {
+    onDownvote();
+  });
+
   return (
     <div className="flex flex-col items-center">
       <Button
@@ -42,7 +53,7 @@ export default function VotingButtons({
         onClick={(event) => {
           event.preventDefault();
           event.stopPropagation();
-          onUpvote();
+          handleUpvoteClick();
         }}
       />
       <p>{upvoteCount}</p>
@@ -55,7 +66,7 @@ export default function VotingButtons({
         onClick={(event) => {
           event.preventDefault();
           event.stopPropagation();
-          onDownvote();
+          handleDownvoteClick();
         }}
       />
     </div>
diff --git a/apps/portal/src/components/questions/card/question/BaseQuestionCard.tsx b/apps/portal/src/components/questions/card/question/BaseQuestionCard.tsx
index b183b012..0c8f1460 100644
--- a/apps/portal/src/components/questions/card/question/BaseQuestionCard.tsx
+++ b/apps/portal/src/components/questions/card/question/BaseQuestionCard.tsx
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
 import type { QuestionsQuestionType } from '@prisma/client';
 import { Button } from '@tih/ui';
 
+import { useProtectedCallback } from '~/utils/questions/useProtectedCallback';
 import { useQuestionVote } from '~/utils/questions/useVote';
 
 import AddToListDropdown from '../../AddToListDropdown';
@@ -168,6 +169,10 @@ export default function BaseQuestionCard({
     return countryCount;
   }, [countries]);
 
+  const handleCreateEncounterClick = useProtectedCallback(() => {
+    setShowReceivedForm(true);
+  });
+
   const cardContent = (
     <>
       {showVoteButtons && (
@@ -244,10 +249,7 @@ export default function BaseQuestionCard({
                   label={createEncounterButtonText}
                   size="sm"
                   variant="tertiary"
-                  onClick={(event) => {
-                    event.preventDefault();
-                    setShowReceivedForm(true);
-                  }}
+                  onClick={handleCreateEncounterClick}
                 />
               )}
             </div>
diff --git a/apps/portal/src/components/questions/protected/ProtectedContextProvider.tsx b/apps/portal/src/components/questions/protected/ProtectedContextProvider.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8dee8681
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/portal/src/components/questions/protected/ProtectedContextProvider.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import type { PropsWithChildren } from 'react';
+import { createContext, useState } from 'react';
+
+import ProtectedDialog from './ProtectedDialog';
+
+export type ProtectedContextData = {
+  showDialog: () => void;
+};
+
+export const ProtectedContext = createContext<ProtectedContextData>({
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-empty-function
+  showDialog: () => {},
+});
+
+export type ProtectedContextProviderProps = PropsWithChildren<
+  Record<string, unknown>
+>;
+
+export default function ProtectedContextProvider({
+  children,
+}: ProtectedContextProviderProps) {
+  const [show, setShow] = useState(false);
+
+  return (
+    <ProtectedContext.Provider
+      value={{
+        showDialog: () => {
+          setShow(true);
+        },
+      }}>
+      {children}
+      <ProtectedDialog
+        show={show}
+        onClose={() => {
+          setShow(false);
+        }}
+      />
+    </ProtectedContext.Provider>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/apps/portal/src/components/questions/protected/ProtectedDialog.tsx b/apps/portal/src/components/questions/protected/ProtectedDialog.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..98e5ed62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/portal/src/components/questions/protected/ProtectedDialog.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { signIn } from 'next-auth/react';
+import { Button, Dialog } from '@tih/ui';
+
+export type ProtectedDialogProps = {
+  onClose: () => void;
+  show: boolean;
+};
+
+export default function ProtectedDialog({
+  show,
+  onClose,
+}: ProtectedDialogProps) {
+  const handlePrimaryClick = () => {
+    signIn();
+    onClose();
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <Dialog
+      isShown={show}
+      primaryButton={
+        <Button
+          label="Sign in"
+          variant="primary"
+          onClick={handlePrimaryClick}
+        />
+      }
+      secondaryButton={
+        <Button label="Cancel" variant="tertiary" onClick={onClose} />
+      }
+      title="Sign in to continue"
+      onClose={onClose}>
+      <p>This action requires you to be signed in.</p>
+    </Dialog>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/apps/portal/src/pages/_app.tsx b/apps/portal/src/pages/_app.tsx
index 9914942e..565a48f6 100644
--- a/apps/portal/src/pages/_app.tsx
+++ b/apps/portal/src/pages/_app.tsx
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { loggerLink } from '@trpc/client/links/loggerLink';
 import { withTRPC } from '@trpc/next';
 
 import AppShell from '~/components/global/AppShell';
+import ProtectedContextProvider from '~/components/questions/protected/ProtectedContextProvider';
 
 import type { AppRouter } from '~/server/router';
 
@@ -21,9 +22,11 @@ const MyApp: AppType<{ session: Session | null }> = ({
   return (
     <SessionProvider session={session}>
       <ToastsProvider>
-        <AppShell>
-          <Component {...pageProps} />
-        </AppShell>
+        <ProtectedContextProvider>
+          <AppShell>
+            <Component {...pageProps} />
+          </AppShell>
+        </ProtectedContextProvider>
       </ToastsProvider>
     </SessionProvider>
   );
diff --git a/apps/portal/src/pages/questions/[questionId]/[questionSlug]/answer/[answerId]/[answerSlug]/index.tsx b/apps/portal/src/pages/questions/[questionId]/[questionSlug]/answer/[answerId]/[answerSlug]/index.tsx
index 5481240a..73fd6065 100644
--- a/apps/portal/src/pages/questions/[questionId]/[questionSlug]/answer/[answerId]/[answerSlug]/index.tsx
+++ b/apps/portal/src/pages/questions/[questionId]/[questionSlug]/answer/[answerId]/[answerSlug]/index.tsx
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import SortOptionsSelect from '~/components/questions/SortOptionsSelect';
 
 import { APP_TITLE } from '~/utils/questions/constants';
 import { useFormRegister } from '~/utils/questions/useFormRegister';
+import { useProtectedCallback } from '~/utils/questions/useProtectedCallback';
 import { trpc } from '~/utils/trpc';
 
 import { SortOrder, SortType } from '~/types/questions.d';
@@ -82,13 +83,15 @@ export default function QuestionPage() {
     },
   );
 
-  const handleSubmitComment = (data: AnswerCommentData) => {
-    resetComment();
-    addComment({
-      answerId: answerId as string,
-      content: data.commentContent,
-    });
-  };
+  const handleSubmitComment = useProtectedCallback(
+    (data: AnswerCommentData) => {
+      resetComment();
+      addComment({
+        answerId: answerId as string,
+        content: data.commentContent,
+      });
+    },
+  );
 
   if (!answer) {
     return <FullScreenSpinner />;
diff --git a/apps/portal/src/pages/questions/[questionId]/[questionSlug]/index.tsx b/apps/portal/src/pages/questions/[questionId]/[questionSlug]/index.tsx
index 2de0521c..c383a550 100644
--- a/apps/portal/src/pages/questions/[questionId]/[questionSlug]/index.tsx
+++ b/apps/portal/src/pages/questions/[questionId]/[questionSlug]/index.tsx
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import { APP_TITLE } from '~/utils/questions/constants';
 import createSlug from '~/utils/questions/createSlug';
 import relabelQuestionAggregates from '~/utils/questions/relabelQuestionAggregates';
 import { useFormRegister } from '~/utils/questions/useFormRegister';
+import { useProtectedCallback } from '~/utils/questions/useProtectedCallback';
 import { trpc } from '~/utils/trpc';
 
 import { SortOrder, SortType } from '~/types/questions.d';
@@ -53,10 +54,11 @@ export default function QuestionPage() {
 
   const {
     register: comRegister,
-    handleSubmit: handleCommentSubmit,
+    handleSubmit: handleCommentSubmitClick,
     reset: resetComment,
     formState: { isDirty: isCommentDirty, isValid: isCommentValid },
   } = useForm<QuestionCommentData>({ mode: 'onChange' });
+
   const commentRegister = useFormRegister(comRegister);
 
   const { questionId } = router.query;
@@ -149,21 +151,25 @@ export default function QuestionPage() {
     },
   );
 
-  const handleSubmitAnswer = (data: AnswerQuestionData) => {
-    addAnswer({
-      content: data.answerContent,
-      questionId: questionId as string,
-    });
-    resetAnswer();
-  };
+  const handleSubmitAnswer = useProtectedCallback(
+    (data: AnswerQuestionData) => {
+      addAnswer({
+        content: data.answerContent,
+        questionId: questionId as string,
+      });
+      resetAnswer();
+    },
+  );
 
-  const handleSubmitComment = (data: QuestionCommentData) => {
-    addComment({
-      content: data.commentContent,
-      questionId: questionId as string,
-    });
-    resetComment();
-  };
+  const handleSubmitComment = useProtectedCallback(
+    (data: QuestionCommentData) => {
+      addComment({
+        content: data.commentContent,
+        questionId: questionId as string,
+      });
+      resetComment();
+    },
+  );
 
   if (!question) {
     return <FullScreenSpinner />;
@@ -219,7 +225,7 @@ export default function QuestionPage() {
                 <div className="mt-4 px-4">
                   <form
                     className="mb-2"
-                    onSubmit={handleCommentSubmit(handleSubmitComment)}>
+                    onSubmit={handleCommentSubmitClick(handleSubmitComment)}>
                     <TextArea
                       {...commentRegister('commentContent', {
                         minLength: 1,
diff --git a/apps/portal/src/pages/questions/lists.tsx b/apps/portal/src/pages/questions/lists.tsx
index 8d428e1b..9323499c 100644
--- a/apps/portal/src/pages/questions/lists.tsx
+++ b/apps/portal/src/pages/questions/lists.tsx
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import { Button } from '~/../../../packages/ui/dist';
 import { APP_TITLE } from '~/utils/questions/constants';
 import createSlug from '~/utils/questions/createSlug';
 import relabelQuestionAggregates from '~/utils/questions/relabelQuestionAggregates';
+import { useProtectedCallback } from '~/utils/questions/useProtectedCallback';
 import { trpc } from '~/utils/trpc';
 
 export default function ListPage() {
@@ -77,6 +78,10 @@ export default function ListPage() {
     setShowCreateListDialog(false);
   };
 
+  const handleAddClick = useProtectedCallback(() => {
+    setShowCreateListDialog(true);
+  });
+
   const listOptions = (
     <>
       <ul className="flex flex-1 flex-col divide-y divide-solid divide-slate-200">
@@ -157,10 +162,10 @@ export default function ListPage() {
                   label="Create"
                   size="md"
                   variant="tertiary"
-                  onClick={(e) => {
-                    e.preventDefault();
-                    e.stopPropagation();
-                    setShowCreateListDialog(true);
+                  onClick={(event) => {
+                    event.preventDefault();
+                    event.stopPropagation();
+                    handleAddClick();
                   }}
                 />
               </div>
@@ -223,11 +228,13 @@ export default function ListPage() {
               onCancel={handleDeleteListCancel}
               onDelete={() => {
                 handleDeleteList(listIdToDelete);
-              }}></DeleteListDialog>
+              }}
+            />
             <CreateListDialog
               show={showCreateListDialog}
               onCancel={handleCreateListCancel}
-              onSubmit={handleCreateList}></CreateListDialog>
+              onSubmit={handleCreateList}
+            />
           </section>
         </div>
       </main>
diff --git a/apps/portal/src/utils/questions/useProtectedCallback.ts b/apps/portal/src/utils/questions/useProtectedCallback.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b1bf16cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/portal/src/utils/questions/useProtectedCallback.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { useSession } from 'next-auth/react';
+import { useCallback, useContext } from 'react';
+
+import { ProtectedContext } from '~/components/questions/protected/ProtectedContextProvider';
+
+export const useProtectedCallback = <T extends Array<unknown>, U>(
+  callback: (...args: T) => U,
+) => {
+  const { showDialog } = useContext(ProtectedContext);
+  const { status } = useSession();
+
+  const protectedCallback = useCallback(
+    (...args: T) => {
+      if (status === 'authenticated') {
+        return callback(...args);
+      }
+      showDialog();
+    },
+    [callback, showDialog, status],
+  );
+  return protectedCallback;
+};