添加（0112.路径总和.md）：增加typescript版本

problems/0112.路径总和.md

@@ -766,11 +766,100 @@ let pathSum = function(root, targetSum) {
 };
 ```
 
+## TypeScript
+
+> 0112.路径总和
+
+**递归法：**
+
+```typescript
+function hasPathSum(root: TreeNode | null, targetSum: number): boolean {
+    function recur(node: TreeNode, sum: number): boolean {
+        console.log(sum);
+        if (
+            node.left === null &&
+            node.right === null &&
+            sum === 0
+        ) return true;
+        if (node.left !== null) {
+            sum -= node.left.val;
+            if (recur(node.left, sum) === true) return true;
+            sum += node.left.val;
+        }
+        if (node.right !== null) {
+            sum -= node.right.val;
+            if (recur(node.right, sum) === true) return true;
+            sum += node.right.val;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (root === null) return false;
+    return recur(root, targetSum - root.val);
+};
+```
+
+**递归法（精简版）：**
+
+```typescript
+function hasPathSum(root: TreeNode | null, targetSum: number): boolean {
+    if (root === null) return false;
+    targetSum -= root.val;
+    if (
+        root.left === null &&
+        root.right === null &&
+        targetSum === 0
+    ) return true;
+    return hasPathSum(root.left, targetSum) ||
+        hasPathSum(root.right, targetSum);
+};
+```
+
+**迭代法：**
+
+```typescript
+function hasPathSum(root: TreeNode | null, targetSum: number): boolean {
+    type Pair = {
+        node: TreeNode, // 当前节点
+        sum: number // 根节点到当前节点的路径数值总和
+    }
+
+    const helperStack: Pair[] = [];
+    if (root !== null) helperStack.push({ node: root, sum: root.val });
+    let tempPair: Pair;
+    while (helperStack.length > 0) {
+        tempPair = helperStack.pop()!;
+        if (
+            tempPair.node.left === null &&
+            tempPair.node.right === null &&
+            tempPair.sum === targetSum
+        ) return true;
+        if (tempPair.node.right !== null) {
+            helperStack.push({
+                node: tempPair.node.right,
+                sum: tempPair.sum + tempPair.node.right.val
+            });
+        }
+        if (tempPair.node.left !== null) {
+            helperStack.push({
+                node: tempPair.node.left,
+                sum: tempPair.sum + tempPair.node.left.val
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+};
+```
+
+> 0112.路径总和 ii
+
+
+
 ## Swift
 
 0112.路径总和
 
 **递归**
+
 ```swift
 func hasPathSum(_ root: TreeNode?, _ targetSum: Int) -> Bool {
     guard let root = root else {