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	* Revised the book * Update the book with the second revised edition * Revise base on the manuscript of the first edition
		
			
				
	
	
		
			160 lines
		
	
	
		
			4.9 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			C#
		
	
	
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			160 lines
		
	
	
		
			4.9 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			C#
		
	
	
	
	
	
/**
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* File: hash_map_open_addressing.cs
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* Created Time: 2023-06-26
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* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
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*/
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_hashing;
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/* 开放寻址哈希表 */
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class HashMapOpenAddressing {
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    int size; // 键值对数量
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    int capacity = 4; // 哈希表容量
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    double loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
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    int extendRatio = 2; // 扩容倍数
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    Pair[] buckets; // 桶数组
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    Pair TOMBSTONE = new(-1, "-1"); // 删除标记
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    /* 构造方法 */
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    public HashMapOpenAddressing() {
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        size = 0;
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        buckets = new Pair[capacity];
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    }
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    /* 哈希函数 */
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    int HashFunc(int key) {
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        return key % capacity;
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    }
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    /* 负载因子 */
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    double LoadFactor() {
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        return (double)size / capacity;
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    }
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    /* 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 */
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    int FindBucket(int key) {
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        int index = HashFunc(key);
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        int firstTombstone = -1;
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        // 线性探测,当遇到空桶时跳出
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        while (buckets[index] != null) {
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            // 若遇到 key ,返回对应的桶索引
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            if (buckets[index].key == key) {
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                // 若之前遇到了删除标记,则将键值对移动至该索引处
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                if (firstTombstone != -1) {
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                    buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index];
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                    buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
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                    return firstTombstone; // 返回移动后的桶索引
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                }
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                return index; // 返回桶索引
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            }
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            // 记录遇到的首个删除标记
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            if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) {
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                firstTombstone = index;
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            }
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            // 计算桶索引,越过尾部则返回头部
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            index = (index + 1) % capacity;
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        }
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        // 若 key 不存在,则返回添加点的索引
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        return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;
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    }
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    /* 查询操作 */
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    public string? Get(int key) {
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        // 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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        int index = FindBucket(key);
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        // 若找到键值对,则返回对应 val
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        if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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            return buckets[index].val;
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        }
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        // 若键值对不存在,则返回 null
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        return null;
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    }
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    /* 添加操作 */
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    public void Put(int key, string val) {
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        // 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
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        if (LoadFactor() > loadThres) {
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            Extend();
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        }
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        // 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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        int index = FindBucket(key);
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        // 若找到键值对,则覆盖 val 并返回
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        if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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            buckets[index].val = val;
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            return;
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        }
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        // 若键值对不存在,则添加该键值对
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        buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);
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        size++;
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    }
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    /* 删除操作 */
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    public void Remove(int key) {
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        // 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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        int index = FindBucket(key);
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        // 若找到键值对,则用删除标记覆盖它
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        if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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            buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
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            size--;
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        }
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    }
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    /* 扩容哈希表 */
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    void Extend() {
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        // 暂存原哈希表
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        Pair[] bucketsTmp = buckets;
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        // 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
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        capacity *= extendRatio;
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        buckets = new Pair[capacity];
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        size = 0;
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        // 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
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        foreach (Pair pair in bucketsTmp) {
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            if (pair != null && pair != TOMBSTONE) {
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                Put(pair.key, pair.val);
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            }
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        }
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    }
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    /* 打印哈希表 */
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    public void Print() {
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        foreach (Pair pair in buckets) {
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            if (pair == null) {
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                Console.WriteLine("null");
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            } else if (pair == TOMBSTONE) {
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                Console.WriteLine("TOMBSTONE");
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            } else {
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                Console.WriteLine(pair.key + " -> " + pair.val);
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            }
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        }
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    }
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}
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public class hash_map_open_addressing {
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    [Test]
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    public void Test() {
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        /* 初始化哈希表 */
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        HashMapOpenAddressing map = new();
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        /* 添加操作 */
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        // 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
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        map.Put(12836, "小哈");
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        map.Put(15937, "小啰");
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        map.Put(16750, "小算");
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        map.Put(13276, "小法");
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        map.Put(10583, "小鸭");
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        Console.WriteLine("\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
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        map.Print();
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        /* 查询操作 */
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        // 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 value
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        string? name = map.Get(13276);
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        Console.WriteLine("\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 " + name);
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        /* 删除操作 */
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        // 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
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        map.Remove(16750);
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        Console.WriteLine("\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
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        map.Print();
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    }
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}
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