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	* Sync recent changes to the revised Word. * Revised the preface chapter * Revised the introduction chapter * Revised the computation complexity chapter * Revised the chapter data structure * Revised the chapter array and linked list * Revised the chapter stack and queue * Revised the chapter hashing * Revised the chapter tree * Revised the chapter heap * Revised the chapter graph * Revised the chapter searching * Reivised the sorting chapter * Revised the divide and conquer chapter * Revised the chapter backtacking * Revised the DP chapter * Revised the greedy chapter * Revised the appendix chapter * Revised the preface chapter doubly * Revised the figures
		
			
				
	
	
		
			126 lines
		
	
	
		
			4.1 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Dart
		
	
	
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			126 lines
		
	
	
		
			4.1 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Dart
		
	
	
	
	
	
/**
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 * File: edit_distance.dart
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 * Created Time: 2023-08-11
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 * Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com)
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 */
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import 'dart:math';
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/* 编辑距离:暴力搜索 */
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int editDistanceDFS(String s, String t, int i, int j) {
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  // 若 s 和 t 都为空,则返回 0
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  if (i == 0 && j == 0) return 0;
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  // 若 s 为空,则返回 t 长度
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  if (i == 0) return j;
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  // 若 t 为空,则返回 s 长度
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  if (j == 0) return i;
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  // 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
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  if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) return editDistanceDFS(s, t, i - 1, j - 1);
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  // 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
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  int insert = editDistanceDFS(s, t, i, j - 1);
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  int delete = editDistanceDFS(s, t, i - 1, j);
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  int replace = editDistanceDFS(s, t, i - 1, j - 1);
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  // 返回最少编辑步数
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  return min(min(insert, delete), replace) + 1;
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}
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/* 编辑距离:记忆化搜索 */
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int editDistanceDFSMem(String s, String t, List<List<int>> mem, int i, int j) {
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  // 若 s 和 t 都为空,则返回 0
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  if (i == 0 && j == 0) return 0;
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  // 若 s 为空,则返回 t 长度
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  if (i == 0) return j;
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  // 若 t 为空,则返回 s 长度
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  if (j == 0) return i;
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  // 若已有记录,则直接返回之
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  if (mem[i][j] != -1) return mem[i][j];
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  // 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
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  if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) return editDistanceDFSMem(s, t, mem, i - 1, j - 1);
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  // 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
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  int insert = editDistanceDFSMem(s, t, mem, i, j - 1);
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  int delete = editDistanceDFSMem(s, t, mem, i - 1, j);
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  int replace = editDistanceDFSMem(s, t, mem, i - 1, j - 1);
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  // 记录并返回最少编辑步数
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  mem[i][j] = min(min(insert, delete), replace) + 1;
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  return mem[i][j];
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}
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/* 编辑距离:动态规划 */
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int editDistanceDP(String s, String t) {
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  int n = s.length, m = t.length;
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  List<List<int>> dp = List.generate(n + 1, (_) => List.filled(m + 1, 0));
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  // 状态转移:首行首列
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  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
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    dp[i][0] = i;
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  }
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  for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
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    dp[0][j] = j;
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  }
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  // 状态转移:其余行和列
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  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
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    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
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      if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
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        // 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
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        dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];
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      } else {
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        // 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
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        dp[i][j] = min(min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;
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      }
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    }
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  }
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  return dp[n][m];
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}
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/* 编辑距离:空间优化后的动态规划 */
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int editDistanceDPComp(String s, String t) {
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  int n = s.length, m = t.length;
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  List<int> dp = List.filled(m + 1, 0);
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  // 状态转移:首行
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  for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
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    dp[j] = j;
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  }
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  // 状态转移:其余行
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  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
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    // 状态转移:首列
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    int leftup = dp[0]; // 暂存 dp[i-1, j-1]
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    dp[0] = i;
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    // 状态转移:其余列
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    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
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      int temp = dp[j];
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      if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
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        // 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
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        dp[j] = leftup;
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      } else {
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        // 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
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        dp[j] = min(min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;
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      }
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      leftup = temp; // 更新为下一轮的 dp[i-1, j-1]
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    }
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  }
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  return dp[m];
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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void main() {
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  String s = "bag";
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  String t = "pack";
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  int n = s.length, m = t.length;
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  // 暴力搜索
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  int res = editDistanceDFS(s, t, n, m);
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  print("将 " + s + " 更改为 " + t + " 最少需要编辑 $res 步");
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  // 记忆化搜索
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  List<List<int>> mem = List.generate(n + 1, (_) => List.filled(m + 1, -1));
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  res = editDistanceDFSMem(s, t, mem, n, m);
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  print("将 " + s + " 更改为 " + t + " 最少需要编辑 $res 步");
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  // 动态规划
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  res = editDistanceDP(s, t);
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  print("将 " + s + " 更改为 " + t + " 最少需要编辑 $res 步");
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  // 空间优化后的动态规划
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  res = editDistanceDPComp(s, t);
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  print("将 " + s + " 更改为 " + t + " 最少需要编辑 $res 步");
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}
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