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			78 lines
		
	
	
		
			2.8 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Java
		
	
	
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			78 lines
		
	
	
		
			2.8 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Java
		
	
	
	
	
	
/**
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 * File: n_queens.java
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 * Created Time: 2023-05-04
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 * Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
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 */
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package chapter_backtracking;
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import java.util.*;
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public class n_queens {
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    /* 回溯算法:n 皇后 */
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    public static void backtrack(int row, int n, List<List<String>> state, List<List<List<String>>> res,
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            boolean[] cols, boolean[] diags1, boolean[] diags2) {
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        // 当放置完所有行时,记录解
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        if (row == n) {
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            List<List<String>> copyState = new ArrayList<>();
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            for (List<String> sRow : state) {
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                copyState.add(new ArrayList<>(sRow));
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            }
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            res.add(copyState);
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            return;
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        }
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        // 遍历所有列
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        for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {
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            // 计算该格子对应的主对角线和次对角线
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            int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;
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            int diag2 = row + col;
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            // 剪枝:不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、次对角线上存在皇后
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            if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {
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                // 尝试:将皇后放置在该格子
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                state.get(row).set(col, "Q");
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                cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;
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                // 放置下一行
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                backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
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                // 回退:将该格子恢复为空位
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                state.get(row).set(col, "#");
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                cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;
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            }
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        }
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    }
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    /* 求解 n 皇后 */
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    public static List<List<List<String>>> nQueens(int n) {
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        // 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘,其中 'Q' 代表皇后,'#' 代表空位
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        List<List<String>> state = new ArrayList<>();
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        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
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            List<String> row = new ArrayList<>();
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            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
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                row.add("#");
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            }
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            state.add(row);
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        }
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        boolean[] cols = new boolean[n]; // 记录列是否有皇后
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        boolean[] diags1 = new boolean[2 * n - 1]; // 记录主对角线上是否有皇后
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        boolean[] diags2 = new boolean[2 * n - 1]; // 记录次对角线上是否有皇后
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        List<List<List<String>>> res = new ArrayList<>();
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        backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
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        return res;
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    }
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    public static void main(String[] args) {
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        int n = 4;
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        List<List<List<String>>> res = nQueens(n);
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        System.out.println("输入棋盘长宽为 " + n);
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        System.out.println("皇后放置方案共有 " + res.size() + " 种");
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        for (List<List<String>> state : res) {
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            System.out.println("--------------------");
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            for (List<String> row : state) {
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                System.out.println(row);
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            }
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        }
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    }
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}
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