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			77 lines
		
	
	
		
			2.2 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Rust
		
	
	
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			77 lines
		
	
	
		
			2.2 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Rust
		
	
	
	
	
	
| /*
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|  * File: n_queens.rs
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|  * Created Time: 2023-07-15
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|  * Author: codingonion (coderonion@gmail.com)
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|  */
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| 
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| /* 回溯演算法:n 皇后 */
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| fn backtrack(
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|     row: usize,
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|     n: usize,
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|     state: &mut Vec<Vec<String>>,
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|     res: &mut Vec<Vec<Vec<String>>>,
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|     cols: &mut [bool],
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|     diags1: &mut [bool],
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|     diags2: &mut [bool],
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| ) {
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|     // 當放置完所有行時,記錄解
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|     if row == n {
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|         res.push(state.clone());
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|         return;
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|     }
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|     // 走訪所有列
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|     for col in 0..n {
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|         // 計算該格子對應的主對角線和次對角線
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|         let diag1 = row + n - 1 - col;
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|         let diag2 = row + col;
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|         // 剪枝:不允許該格子所在列、主對角線、次對角線上存在皇后
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|         if !cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2] {
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|             // 嘗試:將皇后放置在該格子
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|             state[row][col] = "Q".into();
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|             (cols[col], diags1[diag1], diags2[diag2]) = (true, true, true);
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|             // 放置下一行
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|             backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
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|             // 回退:將該格子恢復為空位
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|             state[row][col] = "#".into();
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|             (cols[col], diags1[diag1], diags2[diag2]) = (false, false, false);
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|         }
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|     }
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| }
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| 
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| /* 求解 n 皇后 */
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| fn n_queens(n: usize) -> Vec<Vec<Vec<String>>> {
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|     // 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盤,其中 'Q' 代表皇后,'#' 代表空位
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|     let mut state: Vec<Vec<String>> = vec![vec!["#".to_string(); n]; n];
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|     let mut cols = vec![false; n]; // 記錄列是否有皇后
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|     let mut diags1 = vec![false; 2 * n - 1]; // 記錄主對角線上是否有皇后
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|     let mut diags2 = vec![false; 2 * n - 1]; // 記錄次對角線上是否有皇后
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|     let mut res: Vec<Vec<Vec<String>>> = Vec::new();
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| 
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|     backtrack(
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|         0,
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|         n,
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|         &mut state,
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|         &mut res,
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|         &mut cols,
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|         &mut diags1,
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|         &mut diags2,
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|     );
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| 
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|     res
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| }
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| 
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| /* Driver Code */
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| pub fn main() {
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|     let n: usize = 4;
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|     let res = n_queens(n);
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| 
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|     println!("輸入棋盤長寬為 {n}");
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|     println!("皇后放置方案共有 {} 種", res.len());
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|     for state in res.iter() {
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|         println!("--------------------");
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|         for row in state.iter() {
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|             println!("{:?}", row);
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|         }
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|     }
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| }
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