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	5f7385c8a3
	
	
	
		
			
			* First commit * Update mkdocs.yml * Translate all the docs to traditional Chinese * Translate the code files. * Translate the docker file * Fix mkdocs.yml * Translate all the figures from SC to TC * 二叉搜尋樹 -> 二元搜尋樹 * Update terminology. * Update terminology * 构造函数/构造方法 -> 建構子 异或 -> 互斥或 * 擴充套件 -> 擴展 * constant - 常量 - 常數 * 類 -> 類別 * AVL -> AVL 樹 * 數組 -> 陣列 * 係統 -> 系統 斐波那契數列 -> 費波那契數列 運算元量 -> 運算量 引數 -> 參數 * 聯絡 -> 關聯 * 麵試 -> 面試 * 面向物件 -> 物件導向 歸併排序 -> 合併排序 范式 -> 範式 * Fix 算法 -> 演算法 * 錶示 -> 表示 反碼 -> 一補數 補碼 -> 二補數 列列尾部 -> 佇列尾部 區域性性 -> 區域性 一摞 -> 一疊 * Synchronize with main branch * 賬號 -> 帳號 推匯 -> 推導 * Sync with main branch * First commit * Update mkdocs.yml * Translate all the docs to traditional Chinese * Translate the code files. * Translate the docker file * Fix mkdocs.yml * Translate all the figures from SC to TC * 二叉搜尋樹 -> 二元搜尋樹 * Update terminology * 构造函数/构造方法 -> 建構子 异或 -> 互斥或 * 擴充套件 -> 擴展 * constant - 常量 - 常數 * 類 -> 類別 * AVL -> AVL 樹 * 數組 -> 陣列 * 係統 -> 系統 斐波那契數列 -> 費波那契數列 運算元量 -> 運算量 引數 -> 參數 * 聯絡 -> 關聯 * 麵試 -> 面試 * 面向物件 -> 物件導向 歸併排序 -> 合併排序 范式 -> 範式 * Fix 算法 -> 演算法 * 錶示 -> 表示 反碼 -> 一補數 補碼 -> 二補數 列列尾部 -> 佇列尾部 區域性性 -> 區域性 一摞 -> 一疊 * Synchronize with main branch * 賬號 -> 帳號 推匯 -> 推導 * Sync with main branch * Update terminology.md * 操作数量(num. of operations)-> 操作數量 * 字首和->前綴和 * Update figures * 歸 -> 迴 記憶體洩漏 -> 記憶體流失 * Fix the bug of the file filter * 支援 -> 支持 Add zh-Hant/README.md * Add the zh-Hant chapter covers. Bug fixes. * 外掛 -> 擴充功能 * Add the landing page for zh-Hant version * Unify the font of the chapter covers for the zh, en, and zh-Hant version * Move zh-Hant/ to zh-hant/ * Translate terminology.md to traditional Chinese
		
			
				
	
	
		
			299 lines
		
	
	
		
			10 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Rust
		
	
	
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			299 lines
		
	
	
		
			10 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Rust
		
	
	
	
	
	
| /*
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|  * File: avl_tree.rs
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|  * Created Time: 2023-07-14
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|  * Author: night-cruise (2586447362@qq.com)
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|  */
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| 
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| include!("../include/include.rs");
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| 
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| use std::cell::RefCell;
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| use std::cmp::Ordering;
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| use std::rc::Rc;
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| use tree_node::TreeNode;
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| 
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| type OptionTreeNodeRc = Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>;
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| 
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| /* AVL 樹 */
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| struct AVLTree {
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|     root: OptionTreeNodeRc, // 根節點
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| }
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| 
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| impl AVLTree {
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|     /* 建構子 */
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|     fn new() -> Self {
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|         Self { root: None }
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 獲取節點高度 */
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|     fn height(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -> i32 {
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|         // 空節點高度為 -1 ,葉節點高度為 0
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|         match node {
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|             Some(node) => node.borrow().height,
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|             None => -1,
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|         }
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 更新節點高度 */
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|     fn update_height(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) {
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|         if let Some(node) = node {
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|             let left = node.borrow().left.clone();
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|             let right = node.borrow().right.clone();
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|             // 節點高度等於最高子樹高度 + 1
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|             node.borrow_mut().height = std::cmp::max(Self::height(left), Self::height(right)) + 1;
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|         }
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 獲取平衡因子 */
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|     fn balance_factor(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -> i32 {
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|         match node {
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|             // 空節點平衡因子為 0
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|             None => 0,
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|             // 節點平衡因子 = 左子樹高度 - 右子樹高度
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|             Some(node) => {
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|                 Self::height(node.borrow().left.clone()) - Self::height(node.borrow().right.clone())
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|             }
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|         }
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 右旋操作 */
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|     fn right_rotate(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {
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|         match node {
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|             Some(node) => {
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|                 let child = node.borrow().left.clone().unwrap();
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|                 let grand_child = child.borrow().right.clone();
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|                 // 以 child 為原點,將 node 向右旋轉
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|                 child.borrow_mut().right = Some(node.clone());
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|                 node.borrow_mut().left = grand_child;
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|                 // 更新節點高度
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|                 Self::update_height(Some(node));
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|                 Self::update_height(Some(child.clone()));
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|                 // 返回旋轉後子樹的根節點
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|                 Some(child)
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|             }
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|             None => None,
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|         }
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 左旋操作 */
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|     fn left_rotate(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {
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|         match node {
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|             Some(node) => {
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|                 let child = node.borrow().right.clone().unwrap();
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|                 let grand_child = child.borrow().left.clone();
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|                 // 以 child 為原點,將 node 向左旋轉
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|                 child.borrow_mut().left = Some(node.clone());
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|                 node.borrow_mut().right = grand_child;
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|                 // 更新節點高度
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|                 Self::update_height(Some(node));
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|                 Self::update_height(Some(child.clone()));
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|                 // 返回旋轉後子樹的根節點
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|                 Some(child)
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|             }
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|             None => None,
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|         }
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 執行旋轉操作,使該子樹重新恢復平衡 */
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|     fn rotate(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {
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|         // 獲取節點 node 的平衡因子
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|         let balance_factor = Self::balance_factor(node.clone());
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|         // 左偏樹
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|         if balance_factor > 1 {
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|             let node = node.unwrap();
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|             if Self::balance_factor(node.borrow().left.clone()) >= 0 {
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|                 // 右旋
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|                 Self::right_rotate(Some(node))
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|             } else {
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|                 // 先左旋後右旋
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|                 let left = node.borrow().left.clone();
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|                 node.borrow_mut().left = Self::left_rotate(left);
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|                 Self::right_rotate(Some(node))
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|             }
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|         }
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|         // 右偏樹
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|         else if balance_factor < -1 {
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|             let node = node.unwrap();
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|             if Self::balance_factor(node.borrow().right.clone()) <= 0 {
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|                 // 左旋
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|                 Self::left_rotate(Some(node))
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|             } else {
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|                 // 先右旋後左旋
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|                 let right = node.borrow().right.clone();
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|                 node.borrow_mut().right = Self::right_rotate(right);
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|                 Self::left_rotate(Some(node))
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|             }
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|         } else {
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|             // 平衡樹,無須旋轉,直接返回
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|             node
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|         }
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 插入節點 */
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|     fn insert(&mut self, val: i32) {
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|         self.root = Self::insert_helper(self.root.clone(), val);
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 遞迴插入節點(輔助方法) */
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|     fn insert_helper(node: OptionTreeNodeRc, val: i32) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {
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|         match node {
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|             Some(mut node) => {
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|                 /* 1. 查詢插入位置並插入節點 */
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|                 match {
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|                     let node_val = node.borrow().val;
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|                     node_val
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|                 }
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|                 .cmp(&val)
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|                 {
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|                     Ordering::Greater => {
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|                         let left = node.borrow().left.clone();
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|                         node.borrow_mut().left = Self::insert_helper(left, val);
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|                     }
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|                     Ordering::Less => {
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|                         let right = node.borrow().right.clone();
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|                         node.borrow_mut().right = Self::insert_helper(right, val);
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|                     }
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|                     Ordering::Equal => {
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|                         return Some(node); // 重複節點不插入,直接返回
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|                     }
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|                 }
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|                 Self::update_height(Some(node.clone())); // 更新節點高度
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| 
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|                 /* 2. 執行旋轉操作,使該子樹重新恢復平衡 */
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|                 node = Self::rotate(Some(node)).unwrap();
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|                 // 返回子樹的根節點
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|                 Some(node)
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|             }
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|             None => Some(TreeNode::new(val)),
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|         }
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 刪除節點 */
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|     fn remove(&self, val: i32) {
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|         Self::remove_helper(self.root.clone(), val);
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 遞迴刪除節點(輔助方法) */
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|     fn remove_helper(node: OptionTreeNodeRc, val: i32) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {
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|         match node {
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|             Some(mut node) => {
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|                 /* 1. 查詢節點並刪除 */
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|                 if val < node.borrow().val {
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|                     let left = node.borrow().left.clone();
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|                     node.borrow_mut().left = Self::remove_helper(left, val);
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|                 } else if val > node.borrow().val {
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|                     let right = node.borrow().right.clone();
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|                     node.borrow_mut().right = Self::remove_helper(right, val);
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|                 } else if node.borrow().left.is_none() || node.borrow().right.is_none() {
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|                     let child = if node.borrow().left.is_some() {
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|                         node.borrow().left.clone()
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|                     } else {
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|                         node.borrow().right.clone()
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|                     };
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|                     match child {
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|                         // 子節點數量 = 0 ,直接刪除 node 並返回
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|                         None => {
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|                             return None;
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|                         }
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|                         // 子節點數量 = 1 ,直接刪除 node
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|                         Some(child) => node = child,
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|                     }
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|                 } else {
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|                     // 子節點數量 = 2 ,則將中序走訪的下個節點刪除,並用該節點替換當前節點
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|                     let mut temp = node.borrow().right.clone().unwrap();
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|                     loop {
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|                         let temp_left = temp.borrow().left.clone();
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|                         if temp_left.is_none() {
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|                             break;
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|                         }
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|                         temp = temp_left.unwrap();
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|                     }
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|                     let right = node.borrow().right.clone();
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|                     node.borrow_mut().right = Self::remove_helper(right, temp.borrow().val);
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|                     node.borrow_mut().val = temp.borrow().val;
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|                 }
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|                 Self::update_height(Some(node.clone())); // 更新節點高度
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| 
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|                 /* 2. 執行旋轉操作,使該子樹重新恢復平衡 */
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|                 node = Self::rotate(Some(node)).unwrap();
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|                 // 返回子樹的根節點
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|                 Some(node)
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|             }
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|             None => None,
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|         }
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 查詢節點 */
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|     fn search(&self, val: i32) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {
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|         let mut cur = self.root.clone();
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|         // 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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|         while let Some(current) = cur.clone() {
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|             match current.borrow().val.cmp(&val) {
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|                 // 目標節點在 cur 的右子樹中
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|                 Ordering::Less => {
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|                     cur = current.borrow().right.clone();
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|                 }
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|                 // 目標節點在 cur 的左子樹中
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|                 Ordering::Greater => {
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|                     cur = current.borrow().left.clone();
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|                 }
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|                 // 找到目標節點,跳出迴圈
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|                 Ordering::Equal => {
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|                     break;
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|                 }
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|             }
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|         }
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|         // 返回目標節點
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|         cur
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|     }
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| }
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| 
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| /* Driver Code */
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| fn main() {
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|     fn test_insert(tree: &mut AVLTree, val: i32) {
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|         tree.insert(val);
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|         println!("\n插入節點 {} 後,AVL 樹為", val);
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|         print_util::print_tree(&tree.root.clone().unwrap());
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|     }
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| 
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|     fn test_remove(tree: &mut AVLTree, val: i32) {
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|         tree.remove(val);
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|         println!("\n刪除節點 {} 後,AVL 樹為", val);
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|         print_util::print_tree(&tree.root.clone().unwrap());
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 初始化空 AVL 樹 */
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|     let mut avl_tree = AVLTree::new();
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| 
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|     /* 插入節點 */
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|     // 請關注插入節點後,AVL 樹是如何保持平衡的
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|     test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 1);
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|     test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 2);
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|     test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 3);
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|     test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 4);
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|     test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 5);
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|     test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 8);
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|     test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 7);
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|     test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 9);
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|     test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 10);
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|     test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 6);
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| 
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|     /* 插入重複節點 */
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|     test_insert(&mut avl_tree, 7);
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| 
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|     /* 刪除節點 */
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|     // 請關注刪除節點後,AVL 樹是如何保持平衡的
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|     test_remove(&mut avl_tree, 8); // 刪除度為 0 的節點
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|     test_remove(&mut avl_tree, 5); // 刪除度為 1 的節點
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|     test_remove(&mut avl_tree, 4); // 刪除度為 2 的節點
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| 
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|     /* 查詢節點 */
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|     let node = avl_tree.search(7);
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|     if let Some(node) = node {
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|         println!(
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|             "\n查詢到的節點物件為 {:?},節點值 = {}",
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|             &*node.borrow(),
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|             node.borrow().val
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|         );
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|     }
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| }
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