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	* Sync recent changes to the revised Word. * Revised the preface chapter * Revised the introduction chapter * Revised the computation complexity chapter * Revised the chapter data structure * Revised the chapter array and linked list * Revised the chapter stack and queue * Revised the chapter hashing * Revised the chapter tree * Revised the chapter heap * Revised the chapter graph * Revised the chapter searching * Reivised the sorting chapter * Revised the divide and conquer chapter * Revised the chapter backtacking * Revised the DP chapter * Revised the greedy chapter * Revised the appendix chapter * Revised the preface chapter doubly * Revised the figures
		
			
				
	
	
		
			142 lines
		
	
	
		
			5.1 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			C#
		
	
	
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			142 lines
		
	
	
		
			5.1 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			C#
		
	
	
	
	
	
/**
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* File: edit_distance.cs
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* Created Time: 2023-07-14
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* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
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*/
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_dynamic_programming;
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public class edit_distance {
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    /* 编辑距离:暴力搜索 */
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    int EditDistanceDFS(string s, string t, int i, int j) {
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        // 若 s 和 t 都为空,则返回 0
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        if (i == 0 && j == 0)
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            return 0;
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        // 若 s 为空,则返回 t 长度
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        if (i == 0)
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            return j;
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        // 若 t 为空,则返回 s 长度
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        if (j == 0)
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            return i;
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        // 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
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        if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1])
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            return EditDistanceDFS(s, t, i - 1, j - 1);
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        // 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
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        int insert = EditDistanceDFS(s, t, i, j - 1);
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        int delete = EditDistanceDFS(s, t, i - 1, j);
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        int replace = EditDistanceDFS(s, t, i - 1, j - 1);
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        // 返回最少编辑步数
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        return Math.Min(Math.Min(insert, delete), replace) + 1;
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    }
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    /* 编辑距离:记忆化搜索 */
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    int EditDistanceDFSMem(string s, string t, int[][] mem, int i, int j) {
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        // 若 s 和 t 都为空,则返回 0
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        if (i == 0 && j == 0)
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            return 0;
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        // 若 s 为空,则返回 t 长度
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        if (i == 0)
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            return j;
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        // 若 t 为空,则返回 s 长度
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        if (j == 0)
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            return i;
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        // 若已有记录,则直接返回之
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        if (mem[i][j] != -1)
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            return mem[i][j];
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        // 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
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        if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1])
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            return EditDistanceDFSMem(s, t, mem, i - 1, j - 1);
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        // 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
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        int insert = EditDistanceDFSMem(s, t, mem, i, j - 1);
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        int delete = EditDistanceDFSMem(s, t, mem, i - 1, j);
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        int replace = EditDistanceDFSMem(s, t, mem, i - 1, j - 1);
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        // 记录并返回最少编辑步数
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        mem[i][j] = Math.Min(Math.Min(insert, delete), replace) + 1;
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        return mem[i][j];
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    }
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    /* 编辑距离:动态规划 */
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    int EditDistanceDP(string s, string t) {
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        int n = s.Length, m = t.Length;
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        int[,] dp = new int[n + 1, m + 1];
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        // 状态转移:首行首列
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        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
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            dp[i, 0] = i;
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        }
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        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
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            dp[0, j] = j;
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        }
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        // 状态转移:其余行和列
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        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
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            for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
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                if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
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                    // 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
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                    dp[i, j] = dp[i - 1, j - 1];
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                } else {
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                    // 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
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                    dp[i, j] = Math.Min(Math.Min(dp[i, j - 1], dp[i - 1, j]), dp[i - 1, j - 1]) + 1;
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                }
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            }
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        }
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        return dp[n, m];
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    }
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    /* 编辑距离:空间优化后的动态规划 */
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    int EditDistanceDPComp(string s, string t) {
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        int n = s.Length, m = t.Length;
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        int[] dp = new int[m + 1];
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        // 状态转移:首行
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        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
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            dp[j] = j;
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        }
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        // 状态转移:其余行
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        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
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            // 状态转移:首列
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            int leftup = dp[0]; // 暂存 dp[i-1, j-1]
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            dp[0] = i;
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            // 状态转移:其余列
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            for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
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                int temp = dp[j];
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                if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
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                    // 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
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                    dp[j] = leftup;
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                } else {
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                    // 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
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                    dp[j] = Math.Min(Math.Min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;
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                }
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                leftup = temp; // 更新为下一轮的 dp[i-1, j-1]
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            }
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        }
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        return dp[m];
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    }
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    [Test]
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    public void Test() {
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        string s = "bag";
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        string t = "pack";
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        int n = s.Length, m = t.Length;
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        // 暴力搜索
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        int res = EditDistanceDFS(s, t, n, m);
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        Console.WriteLine("将 " + s + " 更改为 " + t + " 最少需要编辑 " + res + " 步");
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        // 记忆化搜索
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        int[][] mem = new int[n + 1][];
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        for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
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            mem[i] = new int[m + 1];
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            Array.Fill(mem[i], -1);
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        }
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        res = EditDistanceDFSMem(s, t, mem, n, m);
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        Console.WriteLine("将 " + s + " 更改为 " + t + " 最少需要编辑 " + res + " 步");
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        // 动态规划
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        res = EditDistanceDP(s, t);
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        Console.WriteLine("将 " + s + " 更改为 " + t + " 最少需要编辑 " + res + " 步");
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        // 空间优化后的动态规划
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        res = EditDistanceDPComp(s, t);
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        Console.WriteLine("将 " + s + " 更改为 " + t + " 最少需要编辑 " + res + " 步");
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    }
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}
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