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			171 lines
		
	
	
		
			4.8 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			C++
		
	
	
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			171 lines
		
	
	
		
			4.8 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			C++
		
	
	
	
	
	
/**
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 * File: binary_search_tree.cpp
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 * Created Time: 2022-11-25
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 * Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
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 */
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#include "../utils/common.hpp"
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/* 二叉搜索树 */
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class BinarySearchTree {
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  private:
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    TreeNode *root;
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  public:
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    /* 构造方法 */
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    BinarySearchTree() {
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        // 初始化空树
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        root = nullptr;
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    }
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    /* 析构方法 */
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    ~BinarySearchTree() {
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        freeMemoryTree(root);
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    }
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    /* 获取二叉树根节点 */
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    TreeNode *getRoot() {
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        return root;
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    }
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    /* 查找节点 */
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    TreeNode *search(int num) {
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        TreeNode *cur = root;
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        // 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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        while (cur != nullptr) {
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            // 目标节点在 cur 的右子树中
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            if (cur->val < num)
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                cur = cur->right;
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            // 目标节点在 cur 的左子树中
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            else if (cur->val > num)
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                cur = cur->left;
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            // 找到目标节点,跳出循环
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            else
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                break;
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        }
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        // 返回目标节点
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        return cur;
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    }
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    /* 插入节点 */
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    void insert(int num) {
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        // 若树为空,则初始化根节点
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        if (root == nullptr) {
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            root = new TreeNode(num);
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            return;
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        }
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        TreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr;
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        // 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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        while (cur != nullptr) {
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            // 找到重复节点,直接返回
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            if (cur->val == num)
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                return;
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            pre = cur;
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            // 插入位置在 cur 的右子树中
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            if (cur->val < num)
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                cur = cur->right;
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            // 插入位置在 cur 的左子树中
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            else
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                cur = cur->left;
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        }
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        // 插入节点
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        TreeNode *node = new TreeNode(num);
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        if (pre->val < num)
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            pre->right = node;
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        else
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            pre->left = node;
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    }
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    /* 删除节点 */
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    void remove(int num) {
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        // 若树为空,直接提前返回
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        if (root == nullptr)
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            return;
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        TreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr;
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        // 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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        while (cur != nullptr) {
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            // 找到待删除节点,跳出循环
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            if (cur->val == num)
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                break;
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            pre = cur;
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            // 待删除节点在 cur 的右子树中
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            if (cur->val < num)
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                cur = cur->right;
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            // 待删除节点在 cur 的左子树中
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            else
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                cur = cur->left;
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        }
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        // 若无待删除节点,则直接返回
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        if (cur == nullptr)
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            return;
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        // 子节点数量 = 0 or 1
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        if (cur->left == nullptr || cur->right == nullptr) {
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            // 当子节点数量 = 0 / 1 时, child = nullptr / 该子节点
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            TreeNode *child = cur->left != nullptr ? cur->left : cur->right;
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            // 删除节点 cur
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            if (cur != root) {
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                if (pre->left == cur)
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                    pre->left = child;
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                else
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                    pre->right = child;
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            } else {
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                // 若删除节点为根节点,则重新指定根节点
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                root = child;
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            }
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            // 释放内存
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            delete cur;
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        }
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        // 子节点数量 = 2
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        else {
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            // 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个节点
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            TreeNode *tmp = cur->right;
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            while (tmp->left != nullptr) {
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                tmp = tmp->left;
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            }
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            int tmpVal = tmp->val;
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            // 递归删除节点 tmp
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            remove(tmp->val);
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            // 用 tmp 覆盖 cur
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            cur->val = tmpVal;
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        }
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    }
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};
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/* Driver Code */
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int main() {
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    /* 初始化二叉搜索树 */
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    BinarySearchTree *bst = new BinarySearchTree();
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    // 请注意,不同的插入顺序会生成不同的二叉树,该序列可以生成一个完美二叉树
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    vector<int> nums = {8, 4, 12, 2, 6, 10, 14, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15};
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    for (int num : nums) {
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        bst->insert(num);
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    }
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    cout << endl << "初始化的二叉树为\n" << endl;
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    printTree(bst->getRoot());
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    /* 查找节点 */
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    TreeNode *node = bst->search(7);
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    cout << endl << "查找到的节点对象为 " << node << ",节点值 = " << node->val << endl;
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    /* 插入节点 */
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    bst->insert(16);
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    cout << endl << "插入节点 16 后,二叉树为\n" << endl;
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    printTree(bst->getRoot());
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    /* 删除节点 */
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    bst->remove(1);
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    cout << endl << "删除节点 1 后,二叉树为\n" << endl;
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    printTree(bst->getRoot());
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    bst->remove(2);
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    cout << endl << "删除节点 2 后,二叉树为\n" << endl;
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    printTree(bst->getRoot());
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    bst->remove(4);
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    cout << endl << "删除节点 4 后,二叉树为\n" << endl;
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    printTree(bst->getRoot());
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    // 释放内存
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    delete bst;
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    return 0;
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}
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