mirror of
				https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
				synced 2025-11-04 14:18:20 +08:00 
			
		
		
		
	* Update avatar's link in the landing page * Bug fixes * Move assets folder from overrides to docs * Reduce figures' corner radius * Update copyright * Update header image * Krahets -> krahets * Update the landing page
		
			
				
	
	
		
			66 lines
		
	
	
		
			2.2 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			C++
		
	
	
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			66 lines
		
	
	
		
			2.2 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			C++
		
	
	
	
	
	
/**
 | 
						||
 * File: n_queens.cpp
 | 
						||
 * Created Time: 2023-05-04
 | 
						||
 * Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
 | 
						||
 */
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
#include "../utils/common.hpp"
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
/* 回溯算法:n 皇后 */
 | 
						||
void backtrack(int row, int n, vector<vector<string>> &state, vector<vector<vector<string>>> &res, vector<bool> &cols,
 | 
						||
               vector<bool> &diags1, vector<bool> &diags2) {
 | 
						||
    // 当放置完所有行时,记录解
 | 
						||
    if (row == n) {
 | 
						||
        res.push_back(state);
 | 
						||
        return;
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
    // 遍历所有列
 | 
						||
    for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {
 | 
						||
        // 计算该格子对应的主对角线和次对角线
 | 
						||
        int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;
 | 
						||
        int diag2 = row + col;
 | 
						||
        // 剪枝:不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、次对角线上存在皇后
 | 
						||
        if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {
 | 
						||
            // 尝试:将皇后放置在该格子
 | 
						||
            state[row][col] = "Q";
 | 
						||
            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;
 | 
						||
            // 放置下一行
 | 
						||
            backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
 | 
						||
            // 回退:将该格子恢复为空位
 | 
						||
            state[row][col] = "#";
 | 
						||
            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;
 | 
						||
        }
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
/* 求解 n 皇后 */
 | 
						||
vector<vector<vector<string>>> nQueens(int n) {
 | 
						||
    // 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘,其中 'Q' 代表皇后,'#' 代表空位
 | 
						||
    vector<vector<string>> state(n, vector<string>(n, "#"));
 | 
						||
    vector<bool> cols(n, false);           // 记录列是否有皇后
 | 
						||
    vector<bool> diags1(2 * n - 1, false); // 记录主对角线上是否有皇后
 | 
						||
    vector<bool> diags2(2 * n - 1, false); // 记录次对角线上是否有皇后
 | 
						||
    vector<vector<vector<string>>> res;
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
    backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
    return res;
 | 
						||
}
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
/* Driver Code */
 | 
						||
int main() {
 | 
						||
    int n = 4;
 | 
						||
    vector<vector<vector<string>>> res = nQueens(n);
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
    cout << "输入棋盘长宽为 " << n << endl;
 | 
						||
    cout << "皇后放置方案共有 " << res.size() << " 种" << endl;
 | 
						||
    for (const vector<vector<string>> &state : res) {
 | 
						||
        cout << "--------------------" << endl;
 | 
						||
        for (const vector<string> &row : state) {
 | 
						||
            printVector(row);
 | 
						||
        }
 | 
						||
    }
 | 
						||
 | 
						||
    return 0;
 | 
						||
}
 |