mirror of
				https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
				synced 2025-11-01 03:24:24 +08:00 
			
		
		
		
	 be9931c8a1
			
		
	
	be9931c8a1
	
	
	
		
			
			* feat: add ruby code - chapter hashing * feat: add ruby code blocks - chapter hashing * fix: comments
		
			
				
	
	
		
			148 lines
		
	
	
		
			3.9 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Ruby
		
	
	
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			148 lines
		
	
	
		
			3.9 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Ruby
		
	
	
	
	
	
| =begin
 | |
| File: hash_map_open_addressing.rb
 | |
| Created Time: 2024-04-13
 | |
| Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
 | |
| =end
 | |
| 
 | |
| require_relative './array_hash_map'
 | |
| 
 | |
| ### 开放寻址哈希表 ###
 | |
| class HashMapOpenAddressing
 | |
|   TOMBSTONE = Pair.new(-1, '-1') # 删除标记
 | |
| 
 | |
|   ### 构造方法 ###
 | |
|   def initialize
 | |
|     @size = 0 # 键值对数量
 | |
|     @capacity = 4 # 哈希表容量
 | |
|     @load_thres = 2.0 / 3.0 # 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
 | |
|     @extend_ratio = 2 # 扩容倍数
 | |
|     @buckets = Array.new(@capacity) # 桶数组
 | |
|   end
 | |
| 
 | |
|   ### 哈希函数 ###
 | |
|   def hash_func(key)
 | |
|     key % @capacity
 | |
|   end
 | |
| 
 | |
|   ### 负载因子 ###
 | |
|   def load_factor
 | |
|     @size / @capacity
 | |
|   end
 | |
| 
 | |
|   ### 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 ###
 | |
|   def find_bucket(key)
 | |
|     index = hash_func(key)
 | |
|     first_tombstone = -1
 | |
|     # 线性探测,当遇到空桶时跳出
 | |
|     while !@buckets[index].nil?
 | |
|       # 若遇到 key ,返回对应的桶索引
 | |
|       if @buckets[index].key == key
 | |
|         # 若之前遇到了删除标记,则将键值对移动至该索引处
 | |
|         if first_tombstone != -1
 | |
|           @buckets[first_tombstone] = @buckets[index]
 | |
|           @buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE
 | |
|           return first_tombstone # 返回移动后的桶索引
 | |
|         end
 | |
|         return index # 返回桶索引
 | |
|       end
 | |
|       # 记录遇到的首个删除标记
 | |
|       first_tombstone = index if first_tombstone == -1 && @buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE
 | |
|       # 计算桶索引,越过尾部则返回头部
 | |
|       index = (index + 1) % @capacity
 | |
|     end
 | |
|     # 若 key 不存在,则返回添加点的索引
 | |
|     first_tombstone == -1 ? index : first_tombstone
 | |
|   end
 | |
| 
 | |
|   ### 查询操作 ###
 | |
|   def get(key)
 | |
|     # 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
 | |
|     index = find_bucket(key)
 | |
|     # 若找到键值对,则返回对应 val
 | |
|     return @buckets[index].val unless [nil, TOMBSTONE].include?(@buckets[index])
 | |
|     # 若键值对不存在,则返回 nil
 | |
|     nil
 | |
|   end
 | |
| 
 | |
|   ### 添加操作 ###
 | |
|   def put(key, val)
 | |
|     # 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
 | |
|     extend if load_factor > @load_thres
 | |
|     # 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
 | |
|     index = find_bucket(key)
 | |
|     # 若找到键值对,则覆盖 val 开返回
 | |
|     unless [nil, TOMBSTONE].include?(@buckets[index])
 | |
|       @buckets[index].val = val
 | |
|       return
 | |
|     end
 | |
|     # 若键值对不存在,则添加该键值对
 | |
|     @buckets[index] = Pair.new(key, val)
 | |
|     @size += 1
 | |
|   end
 | |
| 
 | |
|   ### 删除操作 ###
 | |
|   def remove(key)
 | |
|     # 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
 | |
|     index = find_bucket(key)
 | |
|     # 若找到键值对,则用删除标记覆盖它
 | |
|     unless [nil, TOMBSTONE].include?(@buckets[index])
 | |
|       @buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE
 | |
|       @size -= 1
 | |
|     end
 | |
|   end
 | |
| 
 | |
|   ### 扩容哈希表 ###
 | |
|   def extend
 | |
|     # 暂存原哈希表
 | |
|     buckets_tmp = @buckets
 | |
|     # 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
 | |
|     @capacity *= @extend_ratio
 | |
|     @buckets = Array.new(@capacity)
 | |
|     @size = 0
 | |
|     # 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
 | |
|     for pair in buckets_tmp
 | |
|       put(pair.key, pair.val) unless [nil, TOMBSTONE].include?(pair)
 | |
|     end
 | |
|   end
 | |
| 
 | |
|   ### 打印哈希表 ###
 | |
|   def print
 | |
|     for pair in @buckets
 | |
|       if pair.nil?
 | |
|         puts "Nil"
 | |
|       elsif pair == TOMBSTONE
 | |
|         puts "TOMBSTONE"
 | |
|       else
 | |
|         puts "#{pair.key} -> #{pair.val}"
 | |
|       end
 | |
|     end
 | |
|   end
 | |
| end
 | |
| 
 | |
| ### Driver Code ###
 | |
| if __FILE__ == $0
 | |
|   # 初始化哈希表
 | |
|   hashmap = HashMapOpenAddressing.new
 | |
| 
 | |
|   # 添加操作
 | |
|   # 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, val)
 | |
|   hashmap.put(12836, "小哈")
 | |
|   hashmap.put(15937, "小啰")
 | |
|   hashmap.put(16750, "小算")
 | |
|   hashmap.put(13276, "小法")
 | |
|   hashmap.put(10583, "小鸭")
 | |
|   puts "\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value"
 | |
|   hashmap.print
 | |
| 
 | |
|   # 查询操作
 | |
|   # 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 val
 | |
|   name = hashmap.get(13276)
 | |
|   puts "\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 #{name}"
 | |
| 
 | |
|   # 删除操作
 | |
|   # 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, val)
 | |
|   hashmap.remove(16750)
 | |
|   puts "\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value"
 | |
|   hashmap.print
 | |
| end
 |