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			159 lines
		
	
	
		
			5.0 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Java
		
	
	
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			159 lines
		
	
	
		
			5.0 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Java
		
	
	
	
	
	
/**
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 * File: hash_map_open_addressing.java
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 * Created Time: 2023-06-13
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 * Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
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 */
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package chapter_hashing;
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/* 开放寻址哈希表 */
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class HashMapOpenAddressing {
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    private int size; // 键值对数量
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    private int capacity = 4; // 哈希表容量
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    private final double loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
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    private final int extendRatio = 2; // 扩容倍数
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    private Pair[] buckets; // 桶数组
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    private final Pair TOMBSTONE = new Pair(-1, "-1"); // 删除标记
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    /* 构造方法 */
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    public HashMapOpenAddressing() {
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        size = 0;
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        buckets = new Pair[capacity];
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    }
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    /* 哈希函数 */
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    private int hashFunc(int key) {
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        return key % capacity;
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    }
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    /* 负载因子 */
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    private double loadFactor() {
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        return (double) size / capacity;
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    }
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    /* 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 */
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    private int findBucket(int key) {
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        int index = hashFunc(key);
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        int firstTombstone = -1;
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        // 线性探测,当遇到空桶时跳出
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        while (buckets[index] != null) {
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            // 若遇到 key ,返回对应的桶索引
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            if (buckets[index].key == key) {
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                // 若之前遇到了删除标记,则将键值对移动至该索引处
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                if (firstTombstone != -1) {
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                    buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index];
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                    buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
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                    return firstTombstone; // 返回移动后的桶索引
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                }
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                return index; // 返回桶索引
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            }
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            // 记录遇到的首个删除标记
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            if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) {
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                firstTombstone = index;
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            }
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            // 计算桶索引,越过尾部则返回头部
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            index = (index + 1) % capacity;
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        }
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        // 若 key 不存在,则返回添加点的索引
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        return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;
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    }
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    /* 查询操作 */
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    public String get(int key) {
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        // 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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        int index = findBucket(key);
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        // 若找到键值对,则返回对应 val
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        if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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            return buckets[index].val;
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        }
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        // 若键值对不存在,则返回 null
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        return null;
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    }
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    /* 添加操作 */
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    public void put(int key, String val) {
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        // 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
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        if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {
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            extend();
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        }
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        // 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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        int index = findBucket(key);
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        // 若找到键值对,则覆盖 val 并返回
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        if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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            buckets[index].val = val;
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            return;
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        }
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        // 若键值对不存在,则添加该键值对
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        buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);
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        size++;
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    }
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    /* 删除操作 */
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    public void remove(int key) {
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        // 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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        int index = findBucket(key);
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        // 若找到键值对,则用删除标记覆盖它
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        if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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            buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
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            size--;
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        }
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    }
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    /* 扩容哈希表 */
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    private void extend() {
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        // 暂存原哈希表
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        Pair[] bucketsTmp = buckets;
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        // 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
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        capacity *= extendRatio;
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        buckets = new Pair[capacity];
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        size = 0;
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        // 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
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        for (Pair pair : bucketsTmp) {
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            if (pair != null && pair != TOMBSTONE) {
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                put(pair.key, pair.val);
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            }
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        }
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    }
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    /* 打印哈希表 */
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    public void print() {
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        for (Pair pair : buckets) {
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            if (pair == null) {
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                System.out.println("null");
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            } else if (pair == TOMBSTONE) {
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                System.out.println("TOMBSTONE");
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            } else {
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                System.out.println(pair.key + " -> " + pair.val);
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            }
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        }
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    }
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}
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public class hash_map_open_addressing {
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    public static void main(String[] args) {
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        // 初始化哈希表
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        HashMapOpenAddressing hashmap = new HashMapOpenAddressing();
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        // 添加操作
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        // 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, val)
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        hashmap.put(12836, "小哈");
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        hashmap.put(15937, "小啰");
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        hashmap.put(16750, "小算");
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        hashmap.put(13276, "小法");
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        hashmap.put(10583, "小鸭");
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        System.out.println("\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
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        hashmap.print();
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        // 查询操作
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        // 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 val
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        String name = hashmap.get(13276);
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        System.out.println("\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 " + name);
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        // 删除操作
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        // 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, val)
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        hashmap.remove(16750);
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        System.out.println("\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
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        hashmap.print();
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    }
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}
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