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			172 lines
		
	
	
		
			5.2 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			C++
		
	
	
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			172 lines
		
	
	
		
			5.2 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			C++
		
	
	
	
	
	
| /**
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|  * File: hash_map_open_addressing.cpp
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|  * Created Time: 2023-06-13
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|  * Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
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|  */
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| 
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| #include "./array_hash_map.cpp"
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| 
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| /* 开放寻址哈希表 */
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| class HashMapOpenAddressing {
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|   private:
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|     int size;                             // 键值对数量
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|     int capacity = 4;                     // 哈希表容量
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|     const double loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;     // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
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|     const int extendRatio = 2;            // 扩容倍数
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|     vector<Pair *> buckets;               // 桶数组
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|     Pair *TOMBSTONE = new Pair(-1, "-1"); // 删除标记
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| 
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|   public:
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|     /* 构造方法 */
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|     HashMapOpenAddressing() : size(0), buckets(capacity, nullptr) {
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 析构方法 */
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|     ~HashMapOpenAddressing() {
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|         for (Pair *pair : buckets) {
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|             if (pair != nullptr && pair != TOMBSTONE) {
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|                 delete pair;
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|             }
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|         }
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|         delete TOMBSTONE;
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 哈希函数 */
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|     int hashFunc(int key) {
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|         return key % capacity;
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 负载因子 */
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|     double loadFactor() {
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|         return (double)size / capacity;
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 */
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|     int findBucket(int key) {
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|         int index = hashFunc(key);
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|         int firstTombstone = -1;
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|         // 线性探测,当遇到空桶时跳出
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|         while (buckets[index] != nullptr) {
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|             // 若遇到 key ,返回对应的桶索引
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|             if (buckets[index]->key == key) {
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|                 // 若之前遇到了删除标记,则将键值对移动至该索引处
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|                 if (firstTombstone != -1) {
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|                     buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index];
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|                     buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
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|                     return firstTombstone; // 返回移动后的桶索引
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|                 }
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|                 return index; // 返回桶索引
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|             }
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|             // 记录遇到的首个删除标记
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|             if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) {
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|                 firstTombstone = index;
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|             }
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|             // 计算桶索引,越过尾部则返回头部
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|             index = (index + 1) % capacity;
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|         }
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|         // 若 key 不存在,则返回添加点的索引
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|         return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 查询操作 */
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|     string get(int key) {
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|         // 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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|         int index = findBucket(key);
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|         // 若找到键值对,则返回对应 val
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|         if (buckets[index] != nullptr && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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|             return buckets[index]->val;
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|         }
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|         // 若键值对不存在,则返回空字符串
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|         return "";
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 添加操作 */
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|     void put(int key, string val) {
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|         // 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
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|         if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {
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|             extend();
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|         }
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|         // 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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|         int index = findBucket(key);
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|         // 若找到键值对,则覆盖 val 并返回
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|         if (buckets[index] != nullptr && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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|             buckets[index]->val = val;
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|             return;
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|         }
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|         // 若键值对不存在,则添加该键值对
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|         buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);
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|         size++;
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 删除操作 */
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|     void remove(int key) {
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|         // 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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|         int index = findBucket(key);
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|         // 若找到键值对,则用删除标记覆盖它
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|         if (buckets[index] != nullptr && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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|             delete buckets[index];
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|             buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
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|             size--;
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|         }
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 扩容哈希表 */
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|     void extend() {
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|         // 暂存原哈希表
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|         vector<Pair *> bucketsTmp = buckets;
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|         // 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
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|         capacity *= extendRatio;
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|         buckets = vector<Pair *>(capacity, nullptr);
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|         size = 0;
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|         // 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
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|         for (Pair *pair : bucketsTmp) {
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|             if (pair != nullptr && pair != TOMBSTONE) {
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|                 put(pair->key, pair->val);
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|                 delete pair;
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|             }
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|         }
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|     }
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| 
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|     /* 打印哈希表 */
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|     void print() {
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|         for (Pair *pair : buckets) {
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|             if (pair == nullptr) {
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|                 cout << "nullptr" << endl;
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|             } else if (pair == TOMBSTONE) {
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|                 cout << "TOMBSTONE" << endl;
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|             } else {
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|                 cout << pair->key << " -> " << pair->val << endl;
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|             }
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|         }
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|     }
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| };
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| 
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| /* Driver Code */
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| int main() {
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|     // 初始化哈希表
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|     HashMapOpenAddressing hashmap;
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| 
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|     // 添加操作
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|     // 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, val)
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|     hashmap.put(12836, "小哈");
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|     hashmap.put(15937, "小啰");
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|     hashmap.put(16750, "小算");
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|     hashmap.put(13276, "小法");
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|     hashmap.put(10583, "小鸭");
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|     cout << "\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value" << endl;
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|     hashmap.print();
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| 
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|     // 查询操作
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|     // 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 val
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|     string name = hashmap.get(13276);
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|     cout << "\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 " << name << endl;
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| 
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|     // 删除操作
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|     // 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, val)
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|     hashmap.remove(16750);
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|     cout << "\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value" << endl;
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|     hashmap.print();
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| 
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|     return 0;
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| }
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