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			184 lines
		
	
	
		
			5.3 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Java
		
	
	
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			184 lines
		
	
	
		
			5.3 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Java
		
	
	
	
	
	
/**
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 * File: binary_search_tree.cs
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 * Created Time: 2022-12-23
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 * Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
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 */
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using hello_algo.include;
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using NUnit.Framework;
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_tree;
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class BinarySearchTree
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{
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    TreeNode? root;
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    public BinarySearchTree(int[] nums)
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    {
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        Array.Sort(nums); // 排序数组
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        root = buildTree(nums, 0, nums.Length - 1);  // 构建二叉搜索树
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    }
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    /* 获取二叉树根结点 */
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    public TreeNode? getRoot()
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    {
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        return root;
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    }
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    /* 构建二叉搜索树 */
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    public TreeNode? buildTree(int[] nums, int i, int j)
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    {
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        if (i > j) return null;
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        // 将数组中间结点作为根结点
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        int mid = (i + j) / 2;
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        TreeNode root = new TreeNode(nums[mid]);
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        // 递归建立左子树和右子树
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        root.left = buildTree(nums, i, mid - 1);
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        root.right = buildTree(nums, mid + 1, j);
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        return root;
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    }
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    /* 查找结点 */
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    public TreeNode? search(int num)
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    {
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        TreeNode? cur = root;
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        // 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
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        while (cur != null)
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        {
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            // 目标结点在 cur 的右子树中
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            if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;
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            // 目标结点在 cur 的左子树中
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            else if (cur.val > num) cur = cur.left;
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            // 找到目标结点,跳出循环
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            else break;
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        }
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        // 返回目标结点
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        return cur;
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    }
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    /* 插入结点 */
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    public TreeNode? insert(int num)
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    {
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        // 若树为空,直接提前返回
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        if (root == null) return null;
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        TreeNode? cur = root, pre = null;
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        // 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
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        while (cur != null)
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        {
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            // 找到重复结点,直接返回
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            if (cur.val == num) return null;
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            pre = cur;
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            // 插入位置在 cur 的右子树中
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            if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;
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            // 插入位置在 cur 的左子树中
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            else cur = cur.left;
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        }
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        // 插入结点 val
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        TreeNode node = new TreeNode(num);
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        if (pre != null)
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        {
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            if (pre.val < num) pre.right = node;
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            else pre.left = node;
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        }
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        return node;
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    }
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    /* 删除结点 */
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    public TreeNode? remove(int num)
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    {
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        // 若树为空,直接提前返回
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        if (root == null) return null;
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        TreeNode? cur = root, pre = null;
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        // 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
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        while (cur != null)
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        {
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            // 找到待删除结点,跳出循环
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            if (cur.val == num) break;
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            pre = cur;
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            // 待删除结点在 cur 的右子树中
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            if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;
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            // 待删除结点在 cur 的左子树中
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            else cur = cur.left;
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        }
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        // 若无待删除结点,则直接返回
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        if (cur == null || pre == null) return null;
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        // 子结点数量 = 0 or 1
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        if (cur.left == null || cur.right == null)
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        {
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            // 当子结点数量 = 0 / 1 时, child = null / 该子结点
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            TreeNode? child = cur.left != null ? cur.left : cur.right;
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            // 删除结点 cur
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            if (pre.left == cur)
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            {
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                pre.left = child;
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            }
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            else
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            {
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                pre.right = child;
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            }
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        }
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        // 子结点数量 = 2
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        else
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        {
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            // 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个结点
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            TreeNode? nex = getInOrderNext(cur.right);
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            if (nex != null)
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            {
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                int tmp = nex.val;
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                // 递归删除结点 nex
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                remove(nex.val);
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                // 将 nex 的值复制给 cur
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                cur.val = tmp;
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            }
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        }
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        return cur;
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    }
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    /* 获取中序遍历中的下一个结点(仅适用于 root 有左子结点的情况) */
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    private TreeNode? getInOrderNext(TreeNode? root)
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    {
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        if (root == null) return root;
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        // 循环访问左子结点,直到叶结点时为最小结点,跳出
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        while (root.left != null)
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        {
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            root = root.left;
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        }
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        return root;
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    }
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}
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public class binary_search_tree
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{
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    [Test]
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    public void Test()
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    {
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        /* 初始化二叉搜索树 */
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        int[] nums = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 };
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        BinarySearchTree bst = new BinarySearchTree(nums);
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        Console.WriteLine("\n初始化的二叉树为\n");
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        PrintUtil.PrintTree(bst.getRoot());
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        /* 查找结点 */
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        TreeNode? node = bst.search(7);
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        Console.WriteLine("\n查找到的结点对象为 " + node + ",结点值 = " + node.val);
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        /* 插入结点 */
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        node = bst.insert(16);
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        Console.WriteLine("\n插入结点 16 后,二叉树为\n");
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        PrintUtil.PrintTree(bst.getRoot());
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        /* 删除结点 */
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        bst.remove(1);
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        Console.WriteLine("\n删除结点 1 后,二叉树为\n");
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        PrintUtil.PrintTree(bst.getRoot());
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        bst.remove(2);
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        Console.WriteLine("\n删除结点 2 后,二叉树为\n");
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        PrintUtil.PrintTree(bst.getRoot());
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        bst.remove(4);
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        Console.WriteLine("\n删除结点 4 后,二叉树为\n");
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        PrintUtil.PrintTree(bst.getRoot());
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    }
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}
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